<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<metadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Milani, Rezagene A.</origin>
        <origin>DeLong, Stephen B.</origin>
        <origin>Hammer, Morena N.</origin>
        <origin>Vermeer, Jessie L.</origin>
        <pubdate>20250226</pubdate>
        <title>Point cloud, raster, and GNSS survey data from laser scanning of a debris flow basin near El Portal, California, USA</title>
        <geoform>Point Cloud and Raster Data</geoform>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>Denver, CO</pubplace>
          <publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <onlink>https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6657c202d34ef3137d35f4aa</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>This data release is composed of point cloud data from a terrestrial lidar survey, GNSS survey data, and derivative raster data. The data were collected on November 09, 2023. This survey was used to characterize a debris flow basin near El Portal, California for the National Park Service.</abstract>
      <purpose>The purpose of this data is to support the National Park Service by providing geospatial data to support decision making regarding ongoing natural hazards.  These data were collected to characterize the topography at a site where ongoing debris flow activity poses a hazard to nearby residences and roads.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <sngdate>
          <caldate>20231109</caldate>
        </sngdate>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>ground condition</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-119.780000</westbc>
        <eastbc>-119.778700</eastbc>
        <northbc>37.680100</northbc>
        <southbc>37.678500</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>
        <themekey>topography</themekey>
        <themekey>lidar</themekey>
        <themekey>debris flow</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:6657c202d34ef3137d35f4aa</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>GNIS</placekt>
        <placekey>El Portal</placekey>
        <placekey>Mariposa County</placekey>
        <placekey>California</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None. Any downloading and use of these data signifies a user's agreement to comprehension and compliance of the USGS Standard Disclaimer. Ensure all portions of metadata are read and clearly understood before using these data in order to protect both user and USGS interests.</accconst>
    <useconst>There is no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of these data. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since these data were collected and that some parts of these data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Acknowledgement of the originating agencies would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the USGS. Please refer to http://www.usgs.gov/privacy.html for the USGS disclaimer.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Rezagene A Milani</cntper>
          <cntorg>USGS - SOUTHWEST REGION</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Student Trainee (PST)</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>NASA AMES-Moffett Field,Moffett Field - Building 19</address>
          <city>Moffett Field</city>
          <state>CA</state>
          <postal>94035</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>408-561-7737</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>rmilani@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>No formal accuracy tests were conducted</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>The data were not formally tested for logical consistency</logic>
    <complete>The data are a complete representation of all solid objects within the field of view of the scanning instruments during the survey at a maximum three-dimensional resolution of 1 cm.</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>No formal accuracy tests were conducted.</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
      <vertacc>
        <vertaccr>No formal accuracy tests were conducted.</vertaccr>
      </vertacc>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Point Cloud Processing: Methods used for this survey were to collect laser scans from multiple positions in and near the area of interest.This dataset consists of 10 scan positions taken with a Riegl VZ400i laser scanner paired with a Trimble R10 real-time kinematic GPS receiver. The georeferencing for the survey was improved using 10cm cylindrical retroreflective targets on surveyed monuments. The scans were oriented by the on-board electric compass and inclinometer, then refined using the Automatic Registration, and MultiStation alignment 2 modules in Riscan Pro Software v2.18. Errors in the accuracy for the point cloud georeferencing are estimated to be ~2-3 cm. Once georeferenced, the point cloud was brought into Terrascan v024 for point classification. The classifications assigned to points were ground (1), and high vegetation (7) for the possible erroneous points. The initial ground classification included some low vegetation as ground, this was manually fixed and placed into high vegetation (7).  The macro used for classification has the following parameters:
FnScanClassifyClass(9999,1,0)
FnScanClassifyIsolated("1",11,5,"0-255",0.50,0)
FnScanClassifyLow(1,7,6,0.20,0.50,0)
FnScanClassifyGround("1",2,"2",1,10.0,89.00,20.00,0.20,-1,0.5,0,2.0,0,0)
FnScanClassifyHgtGrd(2,100.0,1,3,0.000,0.10,0)
FnScanClassifyHgtGrd(2,100.0,1,4,0.10,1.000,0)
FnScanClassifyHgtGrd(2,100.0,1,5,1.000,200.000,0)</procdesc>
        <procdate>20240702</procdate>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Raster Processing: This raster is a bare earth digital elevation model derived from the points classified as ground in the pointcloud from a terrestrial lidar survey conducted near El Portal on November 09, 2023. The pointcloud was gridded using the kriging interpolation method within Golden Software Surfer software v27. This data were gridded at 5 centimeter resolution. A bare earth product was needed to quantify the displacement of ground due to debris flows in past years, and possible risk to surrounding neighborhoods.</procdesc>
        <procdate>20240702</procdate>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>GNSS Point Processing: GNSS points taken in El Portal, CA on November 09, 2023 for a debris flow basin with a Trimble R10 real-time kinematic receiver and post processed using OPUS corrections in Trimble Business Center software Version: 5.70.</procdesc>
        <procdate>20240702</procdate>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spdoinfo>
    <direct>Raster</direct>
    <rastinfo>
      <rasttype>Grid Cell</rasttype>
      <rowcount>3542</rowcount>
      <colcount>2483</colcount>
      <vrtcount>1</vrtcount>
    </rastinfo>
  </spdoinfo>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <planar>
        <gridsys>
          <gridsysn>Universal Transverse Mercator</gridsysn>
          <utm>
            <utmzone>11</utmzone>
            <transmer>
              <sfctrmer>0.9996</sfctrmer>
              <longcm>-117.0</longcm>
              <latprjo>0.0</latprjo>
              <feast>500000.0</feast>
              <fnorth>0.0</fnorth>
            </transmer>
          </utm>
        </gridsys>
        <planci>
          <plance>row and column</plance>
          <coordrep>
            <absres>0.04999999999999766</absres>
            <ordres>0.050000000000026294</ordres>
          </coordrep>
          <plandu>meters</plandu>
        </planci>
      </planar>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>NAD83_National_Spatial_Reference_System_2011</horizdn>
        <ellips>GRS 1980</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137.0</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.257222101004</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
  </spref>
  <eainfo>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>elportal_dfbasin_tls.laz</enttypl>
        <enttypd>This is a point cloud dataset collected on a Riegl VZ400i Terrestrial LiDAR laser scanner on November 09, 2023, to quantify the ground displacement from past debris flows, and possible risks to the surrounding neighborhoods.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>X</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>UTM Zone11N NAD83(2011) Easting (Meters)</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>254834.135</rdommin>
            <rdommax>254957.309</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Meters</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Y</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>UTM Zone11N NAD83(2011) Northing (Meters)</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>4173778.737</rdommin>
            <rdommax>4173959.336</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Meters</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Z</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>NAVD88 Orthometric Height (Meters)</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>650.43</rdommin>
            <rdommax>726.55</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Meters</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>INTENSITY</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>The return strength of the laser pulse that produced the lidar point.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>9000</rdommin>
            <rdommax>65535</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>RETURN_NUMBER</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Return number of each lidar pulse.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>1</rdommin>
            <rdommax>1</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>NUMBER_OF_RETURNS</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>The amount of returns per lidar pulse.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>1</rdommin>
            <rdommax>1</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>RED</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>The numerical value of red computed by the Riegl VZ400i Terrestrial Lidar Scanner and onboard camera.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>9196</rdommin>
            <rdommax>65535</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>GREEN</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>The numerical value of green computed by the Riegl VZ400i Terrestrial Lidar Scanner and onboard camera.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>9196</rdommin>
            <rdommax>65535</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>BLUE</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>The numerical value of red computed by the Riegl VZ400i Terrestrial Lidar Scanner and onboard camera.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>9196</rdommin>
            <rdommax>65535</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
    </detailed>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>elportal_dfbasin_dem_be.tif</enttypl>
        <enttypd>This raster is a bare earth digital elevation model derived from the points classified as ground in the pointcloud from a terrestrial lidar survey conducted near El Portal on November 09, 2023. The bare earth model was needed to quantify the ground displacement from past debris flows, and possible risks to the surrounding neighborhoods.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Value</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Elevation in meters derived from a lidar point cloud.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>679.11419677734</rdommin>
            <rdommax>745.48956298828</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
    </detailed>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>elportal_dfbasin_gps.csv</enttypl>
        <enttypd>GNSS points taken in El Portal, CA on November 09, 2023 for a debris flow basin with a Trimble R10 real-time kinematic receiver and post processed using OPUS corrections in Trimble Business Center software Version: 5.70</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Point ID</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Label of each GNSS point taken.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>base1</edomv>
            <edomvd>GNSS point for the location of the base station.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>target1</edomv>
            <edomvd>First GNSS point.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>target2</edomv>
            <edomvd>Second GNSS point.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>target3</edomv>
            <edomvd>Third GNSS point.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Northing_utm_z11N_NAD83_2011</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Northward distance measurements in meters, referenced to the datum NAD83(2011) and coordinate system UTM zone 11N.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>4173808.915</rdommin>
            <rdommax>4173862.474</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Easting_utm_z11N_NAD83_2011</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Eastward distance measurements in meters, referenced to the datum NAD83(2011) and coordinate system UTM zone 11N.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>254874.431</rdommin>
            <rdommax>254897.343</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Elevation_ortho_navd88_geoid18</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Vertical orthometric distance measurements in meters, referenced to the datum NAVD88(2011) and geoid 18.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>700.77</rdommin>
            <rdommax>705.904</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
    </detailed>
    <overview>
      <eaover>LAZ Data follow standard ASPRS LAS specification, shared as zipped laszip (LAZ) format.</eaover>
      <eadetcit>https://www.asprs.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/LAS_1_4_r13.pdf 
https://laszip.org</eadetcit>
    </overview>
  </eainfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
          <cntper>GS ScienceBase</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>
          <city>Denver</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80225</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>sciencebase@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>Raster Digital Data Set</formname>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6657c202d34ef3137d35f4aa</networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>None</fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20250226</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Rezagene A Milani</cntper>
          <cntorg>USGS - SOUTHWEST REGION</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Student Trainee (PST)</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>NASA AMES-Moffett Field,Moffett Field - Building 19</address>
          <city>Moffett Field</city>
          <state>CA</state>
          <postal>94035</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>408-561-7737</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>rmilani@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
