Eben H. Paxton Kristina L. Paxton 20241004 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P142XU4S Eben H. Paxton Kristina L. Paxton 20250813 publication Scientific Reports vol. 15, issue 1 n/a Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11248-8 We tracked the movement of 15 ‘Io, or Hawaiian Hawks (Buteo solitarius) from 2019-2021. Individuals were tracked for up to 18 months across a diverse landscape on the eastern side of the Island of Hawai'i. GPS-GSM (global positioning system location with global system of mobile communications) tracking tags were placed on each bird, with locations obtained every 1 hour during diurnal hours, and every 3 hours during nocturnal hours, with two birds having locations obtained every 2 hours as a result of tag power issues. A total of 111,320 locations were obtained. 'Io, or Hawaiian Hawk, is a recently de-listed raptor endemic to the Island of Hawai'i. We tracked 15 individual birds to understand movement ecology and habitat use. This data release consists of a tabular dataset with 'Io GPS tracking locations. 20191215 20210730 ground condition Complete None planned Island of Hawaii -156.1102 -154.7644 20.3137 18.8439 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None Io Hawaiian Hawk Movement ecology USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:664e78a8d34e702fe874594e None Island of Hawaii None Buteo solitarius Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Aves Order Accipitriformes Family Accipitridae Genus Buteo Species Buteo solitarius TSN: 175394 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Eben Paxton U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REG Research Ecologist mailing address

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Hawaii Natl Park HI 96718 US 808-985-6423 808-967-8568 epaxton@usgs.gov Funding provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service All data was entered and quality checked with dates and personnel initials documented on original data sheets. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Values fall within expected ranges. No formal logical consistency tests were conducted. Values fall within expected ranges. This dataset includes all locations and associated data from all tracked 'Io from 20191215 to 20210730. Some GPS tracking tags were still operating after 20210730, and will be reported in a future data release. 5.91 m (95% CI: 5.37,6.44) based on location accuracy from 5 stationary GPS tags placed outside at a fixed location for 4 days (n = 122 locations) using the function ‘uere.fit’ in the R package ctmm. 6.67 m (95% CI: 5.81, 7.52)based on location accuracy from 5 stationary GPS tags placed outside at a fixed location for 4 days (n = 122 locations) using the function ‘uere.fit’ in the R package ctmm. We used Cellular Tracking Technology (Rio Grande, New Jersey) GPS-GSM (global positioning system location with cellular connectivity) tracking tags that were attached via a backpack harness. Most tags were programmed to record 1 location per hour during the day (0600 – 1800) and every 3 hours during the night (1800 – 0600) for a total of 16 locations per day. Two tags had alternative programs to record 1 location every 2 hours throughout a 24-hour period due to poor recharging performance. We analyzed tracking data for ‘Io starting 48 hours post release until the GPS tag stopped transmitting data or 31 July 2021, whichever period was longer. We removed all location estimates that were based on less than 3 satellites or 2D position accuracy (n = 97), and we used the ‘outlie’ function in the R package ctmm (Calabrese et al. 2016) to identify and exclude improbable locations based on a combination of flight speeds and distance moved from a bird’s core area (n = 14). Calabrese, J. M., et al. (2016). "ctmm: an R package for analyzing animal relocation data as a continuous-time stochastic process." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7: 1124-1132. 20240115 Eben Paxton U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REG Research Ecologist mailing address

Bldg 344 Chain of Craters Rd.

Hawaii Natl Park HI 96718 US 808-985-6423 808-967-8568 epaxton@usgs.gov Point Entity point 111320 Universal Transverse Mercator 5 0.9996 -159.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 HawaiianHawk_DataRelease2.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined BirdId Unique identifier for each tracked bird Producer Defined b01 Bird 01 female Producer defined b02 Bird 02 male Producer defined b03 Bird 03female Producer defined b04 Bird 04 female Producer defined b05 Bird 05 female Producer defined b06 Bird 06 female Producer defined b07 Bird 07 female Producer defined b08 Bird 08 female Producer defined b10 Bird 10 female Producer defined b11 Bird 11 female Producer defined b12 Bird 12 female Producer defined b13 Bird 13 female Producer defined b14 Bird 14 female Producer defined b15 Bird 15 female Producer defined b16 Bird 16 male Producer defined timestamp Combination of date and time of GPS location Producer Defined Format is MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM Easting UTM 5N x location Producer Defined 225387 301515 meters 1 Northing UTM 5N y location Producer Defined 2146234 2211454 meters 1 VAR.xy Variable represents circular variance of location with var(X)=var(Y), the variance of location errors in both x and y dimensions, generated from Program R ctmm package Producer Defined 6.286853 1742.857 meter 1 HDOP Horizontal position accuracy provided by the GPS fix, estimated from DOP (dilution of precision). Variable is influenced by the spread of satellites visible in the sky at the time of the fix. A lower HDOP value indicates a better position accuracy. Values below 5 are considered good to excellent. Producer Defined 0.6 9.99 1 0.01 nsats Number of GPS satellites detected at time of GPS fix. Larger numbers provide higher accuracy in GPS location estimates. Producer Defined 3 12 satellites 1 activity Measure of activity recorded by accerlometer, which counts every change in direction and speed, tallied between each successive GPS fixes. Produced from tag manufactured by Cellular Tracking Technologies. Producer Defined 0 4955 Distinct movements 1 U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P142XU4S None 20250930 U.S. Geological Survey, PIERC Data Steward physical

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Hawaii Natl Park HI 96718 US 808-985-6420 pierc-datasteward@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999