Molly Van Appledorn Jason J. Rohweder Nathan R. De Jager 2024 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13BRXXJ Floodplain inundation is believed to be the dominant physical driver of an array of ecosystem patterns and processes in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). Here, we present a time series of daily surface water inundation depths (in feet) for floodplain surfaces in the UMRS. The time series data are for the months of April through September for select years since 1940. These months were chosen because it approximates the period during which most biophysical processes such as vegetation metabolism and biogeochemical cycling are likely to be strongest across the longitudinal gradient of the UMRS. Data were generated without water surface elevations from the mid-pool gaging location at Sabula, IA due to missing data. Data were derived from a geospatial model of surface water inundation developed for the UMRS and described in Van Appledorn et al. (2021; doi: 10.1002/rra.3628). We excluded areas permanently wetted (aquatic areas), surfaces in agricultural production, roads, and developed areas. The data are intended for use in geospatial analyses of UMRS floodplain ecosystem patterns and processes. These data were developed to describe hydrologic conditions of non-aquatic areas in the Upper Mississippi River System when joined with appropriate relative elevation and river mile rasters. Examples of suitable uses include stratifying regional sampling efforts or monitoring programs, providing context for interpreting fine-scale studies of local inundation patterns, or development of floodplain functional classes using additional flood metrics. File names indicates the time period contained within each CSV file. For example, p13_depths_2009_2010_drop.csv contains data from 2009 to 2010. Data were generated without water surface elevations from the gaging location mid-pool at Sabula, IA due to missing data. See p13_depthdiff.csv and associated metadata for correction terms to do a post-hoc adjustment to the "_drop.csv" time series for comparison with depth time series datasets generated with data from the mid-pool gaging location. Datasets will be updated irregularly until 2025. See citations for more discussion of the processing used to generate the datasets and their appropriate uses. 20090401 20200930 publication date Complete Irregular -90.4510 -90.0388 42.2700 41.9016 Lithologic classification of geologic map units Flood plain USGS Thesaurus floods freshwater ecosystems river systems hydrology USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:663d0e87d34e77890839e398 Common geographic areas Upper Mississippi None None Molly Van Appledorn U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Ecologist mailing address

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La Crosse WI 54603 US 608-781-6323 608-783-6066 mvanappledorn@usgs.gov This work was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program Molly Van Appledorn Nathan R DeJager Jason Rohweder 2018 dataset https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/f7vd6xrt Molly Van Appledorn Nathan R. De Jager Jason J. Rohweder 20200417 publication River Research and Applications vol. 37, issue 2 n/a Wiley ppg. 241-255 https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3628 Molly Van Appledorn Nathan R. De Jager Jason J. Rohweder 20230803 publication Journal of the American Water Resources Association n/a n/a Wiley https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.13152 Visual spot checks completed. Data were spot checked for attribute accuracy: values fall within expected ranges and duplicates/omissions checked. Visual spot checks completed. Data were spot checked for logical accuracy: values fall within expected ranges and duplicates/omissions checked. Data are complete for Pool 13 of the Upper Mississippi River Molly Van Appledorn Nathan R DeJager Jason Rohweder 2023 raster digital data https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey Digital and/or Hardcopy 20220809 publication date UMRS Floodplain Inundation Model The "Value" column of the UMRS Floodplain Inundation Model (Pool 3) is the unique identifier that crosswalks with the tabular dataset of daily depths. The columns of "handval" and "SHEDID" in this raster also directly correspond to the columns of the same names in the tabular dataset of daily depths. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 09302022 tabular digital data www.rivergages.com Digital and/or Hardcopy 19830401 20200930 publication date Gage Data key input for inundation model Daily water surface elevations from 2009 to 2020 were acquired from www.rivergages.com for two gages within Pool 13 (Lock and Dam 12 Tailwater and Lock and Dam 13 Pool). The gage for the Mississippi River at Sabula, IA, located mid-pool, was missing a substantial amount of data from 2009 to 2020. For this reason, only daily water surface elevations from Lock and Dam 12 Tailwater and Lock and Dam 13 Pool were used in the analysis from 2009 to 2020; the mid-pool gage at Sabula, IA was dropped from the analysis. Gaps of 7 days or less were filled in by averaging the water surface elevation values of the first and last dates surrounding the gap. Anomalous values (that is, either erroneously high or low) identified through visual inspection of the entire time series were corrected by the same averaging method. Daily water surface elevations were expressed in NAVD 88 using the National Geodetic Survey's VERTCON tool for values expressed in other vertical datums (https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/VERTCON3/). UMRS Floodplain Inundation Attribute Rasters 20230809 Molly Van Appledorn U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Research Ecologist mailing address

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La Crosse WI 54603 US 608-781-6323 608-783-6066 mvanappledorn@usgs.gov Daily water surface elevations at each gage were linearly interpolated between gages to derive a time series of daily water surface elevations for every river mile location. 20230809 Molly Van Appledorn U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Research Ecologist mailing address

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La Crosse WI 54603 US 608-781-6323 608-783-6066 mvanappledorn@usgs.gov Daily water surface elevations at every river mile were intersected with relative elevations of the floodplain surface at every river mile, a component of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) Floodplain Inundation Model. Cells with relative elevations exceeding the maximum daily water surface elevation for the entire time period of analyses (i.e., were never inundated) were excluded from the intersection. The result was a time series of surface water inundation depths (in feet) for every pixel in the model domain. UMRS Floodplain Inundation Model 20230809 Molly Van Appledorn U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Research Ecologist mailing address

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La Crosse WI 54603 US 608-781-6323 608-783-6066 mvanappledorn@usgs.gov Universal Transverse Mercator 15 0.9996 -93.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 4.0 4.0 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101004 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.1 feet Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates p13_depths_XXXX_XXXX_drop Tabular CSV file of daily depths (in feet) for every pixel in the UMRS Floodplain Inundation Model domain. File names indicates the time period contained within each CSV file. For example, p13_depths_1983_1985_drop.csv contains data from 1983 to 1985. Producer defined VALUE Unique numeric values contained in each raster cell. Producer defined 1209 139897 SHEDID River mile identifier, where river mile was defined using a modified watershed delineation approach as described in Van Appledorn et al. 2021 (doi: 10.1002/rra.3628) Producer defined 522.5 556.0 river mile handval Slope-detrended relative elevation value computed according to a modified Height Above Nearest Drainage method as described in Van Appledorn et al. 2021 (doi: 10.1002/rra.3628) Producer defined 0.4 20.1 feet date Calendar date of observation in the format YYYY-MM-DD Producer defined 2009-04-01 2020-09-30 days 1 depth_ft Depth of water on the surface of the pixel according to the UMRS Floodplain Inundation Model, in feet. Negative values indicate water level was below the terrain surface (i.e., no surface water flooding). Positive values indicate water above the terrain surface (i.e., surface water flooding). Producer defined -17.8 19.5 feet U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13BRXXJ None 20260316 Molly Van Appledorn U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Research Ecologist mailing address

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La Crosse WI 54603 US 608-781-6323 608-783-6066 mvanappledorn@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998