<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<metadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Scott W. Anderson</origin>
        <pubdate>20260219</pubdate>
        <title>Photogrammetrically-derived Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in the Puyallup River headwaters, 1991-92</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/P149MBYG</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>Over the second half of the 20th century, the U.S. Geological Survey collected aerial imagery over many glaciers in western North America. Those images were later scanned and archived as digital images (Nolan and others, 2017; https://doi.org/10.18739/A2VH5CJ8K). Imagery over Mount Rainier often extended down-valley enough to capture the majority of the proglacial watershed below a given glacier. Imagery from 1991 and 1992 was used to derived digital elevation models (DEMs) of all the major glacial headwater basins in the Puyallup River watershed using structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry (Fonstad and others, 2013). The resulting elevation datasets were further used to assess geomorphic change in those headwaters.

Processing methods follow exactly from Anderson and Shean (2021; https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5274). DEM-specific details are provided in metadata and in an auto-generated report from the processing software (Agisoft Metashape), both of which are packaged in a zip folder along with the DEM itself.</abstract>
      <purpose>These data were created to assess channel change in the Puyallup River watershed.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <rngdates>
          <begdate>19910901</begdate>
          <enddate>19921006</enddate>
        </rngdates>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>ground condition</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-121.8672</westbc>
        <eastbc>-121.7460</eastbc>
        <northbc>47.0017</northbc>
        <southbc>46.8151</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
        <themekey>elevation</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>
        <themekey>digital elevation models</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:661edf28d34e7eb9eb7e3f5d</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>None</placekt>
        <placekey>Puyallup River</placekey>
        <placekey>Pierce County</placekey>
      </place>
      <place>
        <placekt>Common geographic areas</placekt>
        <placekey>Puget Sound</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None.  Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.</accconst>
    <useconst>None.  Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Scott W. Anderson</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REG</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Hydrologist</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>934 Broadway</address>
          <city>Tacoma</city>
          <state>WA</state>
          <postal>98402</postal>
          <country>US</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>253-552-1633</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>253-552-1580</cntfax>
        <cntemail>swanderson@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <native>Raw image scans were fiducially aligned using OpenCV (CV2) template matching processes in Python 3. Photogrammetric processing done using Agisoft Metashape, version 1.7.0 on a Windows 10 machine.</native>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Nolan, Dr. Matt</origin>
        <origin>Austin S. Post</origin>
        <origin>William Hauer</origin>
        <origin>Alexander Zinck</origin>
        <origin>Shad O'Neel</origin>
        <pubdate>2017</pubdate>
        <title>Photogrammetric scans of aerial photographs of North American glaciers</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>NSF Arctic Data Center</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.18739/a2vh5cj8k</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Scott W. Anderson</origin>
        <origin>David Shean</origin>
        <pubdate>20211123</pubdate>
        <title>Spatial and temporal controls on proglacial erosion rates: A comparison of four basins on Mount Rainier, 1960 to 2017</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <serinfo>
          <sername>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</sername>
          <issue>vol. 47, issue 2</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>Wiley</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>ppg. 596-617</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5274</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Mark A. Fonstad</origin>
        <origin>James T. Dietrich</origin>
        <origin>Brittany C. Courville</origin>
        <origin>Jennifer L. Jensen</origin>
        <origin>Patrice E. Carbonneau</origin>
        <pubdate>20130125</pubdate>
        <title>Topographic structure from motion: a new development in photogrammetric measurement</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <serinfo>
          <sername>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</sername>
          <issue>vol. 38, issue 4</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>Wiley</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>ppg. 421-430</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3366</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>See file-specific metadata</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>See file-specific metadata</logic>
    <complete>See file-specific metadata</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>See file-specific metadata</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
      <vertacc>
        <vertaccr>See file-specific metadata</vertaccr>
      </vertacc>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>See file-specific metadata or Anderson and Shean (2021) for processing details</procdesc>
        <procdate>20240416</procdate>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntperp>
              <cntper>Scott W. Anderson</cntper>
              <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REG</cntorg>
            </cntperp>
            <cntpos>Hydrologist</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
              <address>934 Broadway</address>
              <city>Tacoma</city>
              <state>WA</state>
              <postal>98402</postal>
              <country>US</country>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>253-552-1633</cntvoice>
            <cntfax>253-552-1580</cntfax>
            <cntemail>swanderson@usgs.gov</cntemail>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <planar>
        <gridsys>
          <gridsysn>Universal Transverse Mercator</gridsysn>
          <utm>
            <utmzone>10</utmzone>
            <transmer>
              <sfctrmer>0.9996</sfctrmer>
              <longcm>-123.0</longcm>
              <latprjo>0.0</latprjo>
              <feast>500000.0</feast>
              <fnorth>0.0</fnorth>
            </transmer>
          </utm>
        </gridsys>
        <planci>
          <plance>row and column</plance>
          <coordrep>
            <absres>1.0</absres>
            <ordres>1.0</ordres>
          </coordrep>
          <plandu>meters</plandu>
        </planci>
      </planar>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>North_American_Datum_1983</horizdn>
        <ellips>GRS 1980</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137.0</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.257222101004</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
    <vertdef>
      <altsys>
        <altdatum>North American Vertical Datum of 1988</altdatum>
        <altres>0.01</altres>
        <altunits>meters</altunits>
        <altenc>Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates</altenc>
      </altsys>
    </vertdef>
  </spref>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>GS ScienceBase</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>
          <city>Denver</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80225</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>sciencebase@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>Digital Data</formname>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/P149MBYG</networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>None</fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20260219</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Scott W. Anderson</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REG</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Hydrologist</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>934 Broadway</address>
          <city>Tacoma</city>
          <state>WA</state>
          <postal>98402</postal>
          <country>US</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>253-552-1633</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>253-552-1580</cntfax>
        <cntemail>swanderson@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
