Rasters Representing Greater Sage-grouse Space Use, Habitat Selection, and Survival to Inform Habitat Management (ver. 3.0, September 2025)

Coates, P.S. Milligan, M.C. O'Neil, S.T. Brussee, B.E. Chenaille, M.P. 20240315 Rasters Representing Greater Sage-grouse Space Use, Habitat Selection, and Survival to Inform Habitat Management (ver. 3.0, September 2025) 2.0 raster digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P933VE6W Megan C. Milligan Peter S. Coates Shawn T. O'Neil Brianne E. Brussee Michael P. Chenaille Derek Friend Kathleen Steele Justin R. Small Timothy S. Bowden Arlene D. Kosic Katherine Miller 2024 Greater sage-grouse habitat of Nevada and northeastern California—Integrating space use, habitat selection, and survival indices to guide areas for habitat management publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241018 We expanded on previously developed methodology to incorporate information on habitat selection and survival during reproductive life stages and specific seasons with updated sage-grouse location and known fate datasets, while also including brood-rearing areas that are understood to be threatened and important for population persistence. We combined predictive habitat map surfaces for each life stage and season with updated information on current occupancy patterns to classify habitat based on its suitability and probability of occupancy. We carried out additional steps to delineate specific example habitat management areas, specifically (1) incorporated corridors connecting key nesting and brood-rearing habitat, (2) corrected outputs for pre-wildfire habitat conditions within areas burned in the last 16 years, and (3) masked out areas of anthropogenic development. Our methodological example of deriving habitat management areas was intended to help inform decisions by BLM and other land managers regarding conservation and management of sage-grouse. Associated data products in the form of habitat maps provide updated, detailed, and comprehensive information about the status of habitats and can be useful to partner agencies in their efforts to designate and rank habitats for this species of high conservation concern in Nevada and California, with full recognition that on-the-ground field data and local sources of information and expertise should be used in conjunction with inferences from these models. Greater sage-grouse populations are threatened by a range of disturbances and anthropogenic factors that have contributed to a net loss of sagebrush-dominant shrub cover in recent decades. Declines in greater sage-grouse populations are largely linked to habitat loss, and a key component of conservation and land use planning efforts for the species involves the continued monitoring and modeling of habitat requirements and suitability across its range. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is currently addressing the management of both sage-grouse and sagebrush habitat on BLM managed public lands throughout the western United States through a land use planning amendment and associated environmental impact statement (86 FR 66331). Over 25 percent of the present rangewide distribution of sage-grouse is within Nevada and northeastern California and information on sage-grouse distribution and habitat requirements is important to guide appropriate management decisions. To address this need researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey worked with multiple state and federal resource agency partners to map sage-grouse distribution and produce example habitat management categories for these states based on more than a decade of location and survival data collected from marked sage-grouse. 2013 2021 publication date Complete None planned Nevada and northeastern California -121.3510 -113.7425 42.1069 37.4868 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota USGS Thesaurus wildlife shrubland ecosystems native species USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:65f37677d34e9853bbf0db38 None Nevada California United States of America Great Basin Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Centrocercus urophasianus U.S. Geological Survey 2013 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Online Database https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK www.itis.gov expert identifier Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Aves Order Galliformes Family Phasianidae Subfamily Tetraoninae Genus Centrocercus Species Centrocercus urophasianus TSN: 175855 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Questions pertaining to appropriate use or assistance with understanding limitations or interpretation of the data are to be directed to the individuals/organization listed in the Point of Contact section. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center Data Manager mailing and physical

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Sacramento CA 95819 US 279-782-0904 gs-b-werc_data_management@usgs.gov U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Department of Wildlife, California Department of Fish and Wildlife Windows 10 R 4.0.3 https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/old/4.0.3/README.R-4.0.3 R Core Team 20201010 R 4.0.3 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/old/4.0.3/ R2jags https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/R2jags/index.html Yu-Sung Su Masanao Yajima 20200427 Using R to Run 'JAGS' 0.6-1 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/R2jags/ BayesPostEst 0.3.1 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/BayesPostEst/index.html Johannes Karreth Shana Scogin Rob Williams Andreas Beger Myunghee Lee Neil Williams 20210109 Generate Postestimation Quantities for Bayesian MCMC Estimation 0.3.1 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/BayesPostEst/ coda 0.19-4 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/coda/index.html Martyn Plummer Nicky Best Kate Cowles Karen Vines Deepayan Sarkar Douglas Bates Russell Almond Arni Magnusson 20200930 Output Analysis and Diagnostics for MCMC 0.19-4 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/coda/index.html dplyr 1.0.5 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dplyr/index.html Hadley Wickham Romain Francois Lionel Henry Kirill Muller RStudio 20210305 A Grammar of Data Manipulation 1.0.5 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/dplyr/ emdbook 1.3.12 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/emdbook/index.html Ben Bolker Sang Woo Park James Vonesh Jacqueline Wilson Russ Schmitt Sally Holbrook James D. Thomson R. Scot Duncan 20200219 Support Functions and Data for 'Ecological Models and Data' 1.3.12 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/emdbook/index.html ggplot2 3.3.5 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggplot2/index.html Hadley Wickham Winston Chang Lionel Henry Thomas Lin Pedersen Kohske Takahashi Claus Wilke Kara Woo Hiroaki Yutani Dewey Dunnington RStudio 20210625 Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics 3.3.2 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/ggplot2/ KernSmooth 2.23-17 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/KernSmooth/index.html Matt Wand Cleve Moler Brian Ripley 20200426 Functions for Kernel Smoothing Supporting Wand and Jones (1995) 2.23-17 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/KernSmooth/ lubridate 1.7.10 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lubridate/index.html Vitalie Spinu Garrett Grolemund Hadley Wickham Davis Vaughan Ian Lyttle Imanuel Costigan Jason Law Dough Mitarotonda Joseph Larmarange Jonathan Boiser Chel Hee Lee Google Inc. 20210226 Make Dealing with Dates a Little Easier 1.7.10 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/lubridate/ postpack 0.5.2 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/postpack/index.html Ben Staton 20200917 Utilities for Processing Posterior Samples Stored in 'mcmc.lists' 0.5.2 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/postpack/ raster 3.4-5 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/raster/index.html Rober J. Hijmans Jacob van Etten Michael Sumner Joe Cheng Dan Baston Andrew Bevan Roger Bivand Lorenzo Busetto Mort Canty Ben Fasoli David Forrest Aniruddha Ghosh Duncan Golicher Josh Gray Jonathan A. Greenberg Paul Hiemstra Kassel Hingee Alex Ilich nstitute for Mathematics Applied Geosciences Charles Karney Matteo Mattiuzzi Steven Mosher Babak Naimi Jakub Nowosad Edzer Pebesma Oscar Perpinan Lamigueiro Etienne B. Racine Barry Rowlingson Ashton Shortridge Bill Venables Rafael Wueest 20201114 Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling 3.4-5 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/raster/ rgdal 1.5-23 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgdal/index.html Roger Bivand Tim Keitt Barry Rowlingson Edzer Pebesma Michael Sumner Robert Hijmans Daniel Baston Even Rouault Frank Warmerdam Jeroen Ooms Colin Rundel 20210203 Bindings for the 'Geospatial' Data Abstraction Library 1.5-23 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/rgdal/ rgeos 0.5-5 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgeos/index.html Roger Bivand Colin Rundel Edzer Pebesma Rainer Stuetz Karl Ove Hufthammer Patrick Giraudoux Martin Davis Sandro Santilli 20200907 Interface to Geometry Engine - Open Source ('GEOS') 0.5-5 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/rgeos/ runjags 2.2.0-2 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/runjags/index.html Matthew Denwood Martyn Plummer 20210302 Interface Utilities, Model Templates, Parallel Computing Methods and Additional Distributions for MCMC Models in JAGS 2.2.0-2 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/rgeos/ tidyverse 1.3.1 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tidyverse/index.html Hadley Wickham RStudio 20210415 Easily Install and Load the 'Tidyverse' 1.3.1 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/tidyverse/ Functions to accompany A. Gelman and J. Hill, Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models, Cambridge University Press, 2007. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/arm/arm.pdf Andrew Gelman Yu-Sung Su Masanao Yajima Jennifer Hill Maria Grazia Pittau Jouni Kerman Tian Zheng Vincent Dorie 20200727 Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models 1.11-2 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/arm/index.html Plotting functions for posterior analysis, MCMC diagnostics, prior and posterior predictive checks, and other visualizations to support the applied Bayesian workflow advocated in Gabry, Simpson, Vehtari, Betancourt, and Gelman (2019, doi:10.1111/rssa.12378). The package is designed not only to provide convenient functionality for users, but also a common set of functions that can be easily used by developers working on a variety of R packages for Bayesian modeling, particularly (but not exclusively) packages interfacing with 'Stan'. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bayesplot/bayesplot.pdf Jonah Gabry Tristan Mahr Paul-Christian Bürkner Martin Modrák Malcolm Barrett Frank Weber Teemu Sailynoja Aki Vehtari 20210614 Plotting for Bayesian Models 1.8.1 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bayesplot/index.html Methods and functions for fitting maximum likelihood models in R. This package modifies and extends the 'mle' classes in the 'stats4' package. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bbmle/bbmle.pdf Ben Bolker R Development Core Team Iago Giné-Vázquez 20200203 Tools for General Maximum Likelihood Estimation 1.0.23.1 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bbmle/index.html Create, store, access, and manipulate massive matrices. Matrices are allocated to shared memory and may use memory-mapped files. Packages 'biganalytics', 'bigtabulate', 'synchronicity', and 'bigalgebra' provide advanced functionality. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bigmemory/bigmemory.pdf Michael J. Kane John W. Emerson Peter Haverty Charles Determan 20191223 Manage Massive Matrices with Shared Memory and Memory-Mapped Files 4.5.36 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bigmemory/index.html Functions and datasets for bootstrapping from the book 'Bootstrap Methods and Their Application' by A. C. Davison and D. V. Hinkley (1997, CUP), originally written by Angelo Canty for S. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/boot/boot.pdf Angelo Canty Brian Ripley 20210212 Bootstrap Functions (Originally by Angelo Canty for S) 1.3-27 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/boot/index.html Fast aggregation of large data (e.g. 100GB in RAM), fast ordered joins, fast add/modify/delete of columns by group using no copies at all, list columns, friendly and fast character-separated-value read/write. Offers a natural and flexible syntax, for faster development. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/data.table/data.table.pdf Tyson Barrett Matt Dowle Arun Srinivasan Jan Gorecki Michael Chirico Toby Hocking Pasha Stetsenko Tom Short Steve Lianoglou Eduard Antonyan Markus Bonsch Hugh Parsonage Scott Ritchie Kun Ren Xianying Tan Rick Saporta Otto Seiskari Xianghui Dong Michel Lang Watal Iwasaki Seth Wenchel Karl Broman Tobias Schmidt David Arenburg Ethan Smith Francois Cocquemas Matthieu Gomez Philippe Chataignon Nello Blaser Dmitry Selivanov Andrey Riabushenko Cheng Lee Declan Groves Daniel Possenriede Felipe Parages Denes Toth Mus Yaramaz-David Ayappan Perumal James Sams Martin Morgan Michael Quinn javrucebo marc-outins Roy Storey Manish Saraswat Morgan Jacob Michael Schubmehl Davis Vaughan Leonardo Silvestri Jim Hester Anthony Damico Sebastian Freundt David Simons Elliott Sales de Andrade Cole Miller Jens Peder Meldgaard Vaclav Tlapak Kevin Ushey Dirk Eddelbuettel Benjamin Schwendinger Tony Fischetti Ofek Shilon Vadim Khotilovich Hadley Wickham Bennet Becker Kyle Haynes Boniface Christian Kamgang Olivier Delmarcell Josh O'Brien Dereck de Mezquita Michael Czekanski 20210212 Extension of 'data.frame' 1.14.0 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/data.table/index.html The 'ggplot2' package is excellent and flexible for elegant data visualization in R. However the default generated plots requires some formatting before we can send them for publication. Furthermore, to customize a 'ggplot', the syntax is opaque and this raises the level of difficulty for researchers with no advanced R programming skills. 'ggpubr' provides some easy-to-use functions for creating and customizing 'ggplot2'- based publication ready plots. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggpubr/ggpubr.pdf Alboukadel Kassambara 20200607 'ggplot2' Based Publication Ready Plots 0.4.0 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggpubr/index.html Extremely efficient procedures for fitting the entire lasso or elastic-net regularization path for linear regression, logistic and multinomial regression models, Poisson regression, Cox model, multiple-response Gaussian, and the grouped multinomial regression; see <doi:10.18637/jss.v033.i01> and <doi:10.18637/jss.v039.i05>. There are two new and important additions. The family argument can be a GLM family object, which opens the door to any programmed family (<doi:10.18637/jss.v106.i01>). This comes with a modest computational cost, so when the built-in families suffice, they should be used instead. The other novelty is the relax option, which refits each of the active sets in the path unpenalized. The algorithm uses cyclical coordinate descent in a path-wise fashion, as described in the papers cited. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/glmnet/glmnet.pdf Jerome Friedman Trevor Hastie Rob Tibshirani Balasubramanian Narasimhan Kenneth Tay Noah Simon Junyang Qian James Yang 20210221 Lasso and Elastic-Net Regularized Generalized Linear Models 4.1-1 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/glmnet/index.html A powerful and elegant high-level data visualization system inspired by Trellis graphics, with an emphasis on multivariate data. Lattice is sufficient for typical graphics needs, and is also flexible enough to handle most nonstandard requirements. See ?Lattice for an introduction. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lattice/lattice.pdf Deepayan Sarkar Felix Andrews Kevin Wright Neil Klepeis Johan Larsson Zhijian (Jason) Wen Paul Murrell Stefan Eng Achim Zeileis Alexandre Courtiol 20200219 Trellis Graphics for R 0.20-41 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lattice/index.html Functions and datasets to support Venables and Ripley, "Modern Applied Statistics with S" (4th edition, 2002). https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MASS/MASS.pdf Brian Ripley Bill Venables Douglas M. Bates Kurt Hornik Albrecht Gebhardt David Firth 20200909 Support Functions and Datasets for Venables and Ripley's MASS 7.3-53 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MASS/index.html Functions for convenient plotting and viewing of MCMC output https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mcmcplots/mcmcplots.pdf S. McKay Curtis Ilya Goldin Evangelos Evangelou 'sumtxt' from GitHub 20180622 Create Plots from MCMC Output 0.4.3 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mcmcplots/index.html Performs key functions for MCMC analysis using minimal code - visualizes, manipulates, and summarizes MCMC output. Functions support simple and straightforward subsetting of model parameters within the calls, and produce presentable and 'publication-ready' output. MCMC output may be derived from Bayesian model output fit with 'Stan', 'NIMBLE', 'JAGS', and other software. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MCMCvis/MCMCvis.pdf Casey Youngflesh Christian Che-Castaldo Tyler Hardy 20220208 Tools to Visualize, Manipulate, and Summarize MCMC Output 0.15.5 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MCMCvis/index.html Generalized additive (mixed) models, some of their extensions and other generalized ridge regression with multiple smoothing parameter estimation by (Restricted) Marginal Likelihood, Generalized Cross Validation and similar, or using iterated nested Laplace approximation for fully Bayesian inference. See Wood (2017) <doi:10.1201/9781315370279> for an overview. Includes a gam() function, a wide variety of smoothers, 'JAGS' support and distributions beyond the exponential family. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mgcv/mgcv.pdf Simon Wood 20210216 Mixed GAM Computation Vehicle with Automatic Smoothness Estimation 1.8-34 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mgcv/index.html Interface to the JAGS MCMC library. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rjags/rjags.pdf Martyn Plummer Alexey Stukalov Matt Denwood 20191106 Bayesian Graphical Models using MCMC 1.8-34 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rjags/index.html Provides a set of functions for data manipulation with list objects, including mapping, filtering, grouping, sorting, updating, searching, and other useful functions. Most functions are designed to be pipeline friendly so that data processing with lists can be chained. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rlist/rlist.pdf Kun Ren 20160404 A Toolbox for Non-Tabular Data Manipulation 0.4.6.1 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rlist/index.html Classes and methods for spatial data; the classes document where the spatial location information resides, for 2D or 3D data. Utility functions are provided, e.g. for plotting data as maps, spatial selection, as well as methods for retrieving coordinates, for subsetting, print, summary, etc. From this version, 'rgdal', 'maptools', and 'rgeos' are no longer used at all, see <https://r-spatial.org/r/2023/05/15/evolution4.html> for details. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sp/sp.pdf Edzer Pebesma Roger Bivand Barry Rowlingson Virgilio Gomez-Rubio Robert Hijmans Michael Sumner Don MacQueen Jim Lemon Finn Lindgren Josh O'Brien Joseph O'Rourk Patrick Hausmann 20210110 Classes and Methods for Spatial Data 1.4-5 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sp/index.html Functions for kriging and point pattern analysis. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatial/spatial.pdf Brian Ripley Roger Bivand William Venables 20210124 Functions for Kriging and Point Pattern Analysis 7.3-13 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatial/index.html The Splancs package was written as an enhancement to S-Plus for display and analysis of spatial point pattern data; it has been ported to R and is in "maintenance mode". https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/splancs/splancs.pdf Roger Bivand Barry Rowlingson Peter Diggle Giovanni Petris Stephen Eglen 20170416 Spatial and Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis 2.01-40 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/splancs/index.html Methods for computing spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal statistics as described in Gouhier and Guichard (2014) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12188>. These methods include empirical univariate, bivariate and multivariate variograms; fitting variogram models; phase locking and synchrony analysis; generating autocorrelated and cross-correlated matrices. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/synchrony/synchrony.pdf Tarik C. Gouhier 20191205 Spatial and Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis 0.3.8 Tools Software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/synchrony/index.html Raster Grid Cell 16967 21803 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 11 0.9996 -117.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 30.0 30.0 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101004 GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. TIF, CSV https://doi.org/10.5066/P95HTJG8 None 20250929 Michael P Chenaille U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center CARTOGRAPHIC TECHNICIAN mailing address

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Dixon CA 95620 US 530-669-5092 mchenaille@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999