Arthur J Merschat Gregory J Walsh Peter M Valley Ryan J McAleer Thomas R. Armstrong Ernest A Crider 20250516 vector digital data Scientific Investigations Map 3535 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3535 https://doi.org/10.5066/P172BBFC Arthur J. Merschat Gregory J. Walsh Peter M. Valley Ryan J. McAleer Thomas R. Armstrong 2025 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3535 The bedrock geology of the Bellows Falls 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont and New Hampshire, consists of polydeformed Ordovician to Devonian metasedimentary, metavolcanic, and metaplutonic rocks of the Connecticut Valley trough, Bronson Hill anticlinorium (or Bronson Hill terrane), and the Central Maine terrane. Previous work in this area includes a 1:62,500-scale published map and text by Kruger (1946), state geologic maps of New Hampshire (Lyons and others, 1997) and Vermont (Ratcliffe and others, 2011), and various maps and reports presented largely as parts of field trip guidebooks (e.g., Thompson and Rosenfeld, 1979; Chamberlain and others, 1988; Spear, 1992; Thompson and others, 1993). Armstrong (1997) completed a provisional open-file map of the geology of the Vermont part of the Bellows Falls 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, which is incorporated and revised on this map based on additional field work. This study recognizes three major structural levels from west to east, lowest to highest: (1) autochthonous rocks of the Connecticut Valley trough (CVT); (2) allochthonous rocks of the New Hampshire sequence and Bronson Hill arc in the Monroe thrust sheet, including the Skitchewaug nappe; and (3) allochthonous rocks of the Fall Mountain thrust sheet or nappe. The CVT consists of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of Devonian Gile Mountain and Waits River formations, which are located west of, and within splays of the Westminster West fault zone. The CVT rocks are largely greenschist facies with most rocks in the biotite to garnet zones. The Monroe thrust sheet carries transported New Hampshire sequence, and include rocks previously described as the Cornish and Skitchewaug nappes (Thompson and others, 1968), and now interpreted to be largely at the same structural level (Walsh and others, in press). These rocks reached greenschist to amphibolite facies, with the lower biotite grade rocks occurring to the west near the Connecticut River. The eastern side of the CVT and the western side of the Skitchewaug nappe are dissected and deformed by multiple strands of the sinistral Westminster-West fault (Armstrong, 1997; McWilliams and others, 2013), an Alleghanian structure. The largest strand is marked by a significant zone of phyllonites—derived from various adjacent rock types from within the CVT—and chlorite grade retrogression. In the fault zone west of the Connecticut River, higher grade metamorphic assemblages are retrograded, deformed, and truncated in this wide zone. The Skitchewaug nappe shows an internal west-to-east increase in metamorphic grade from garnet zone to staurolite zone to sillimanite + muscovite zone near the Alstead dome. The Skitchewaug nappe exposes Ordovician to Devonian rocks of the New Hampshire sequence: Ordovician Partridge Formation, Silurian Clough Quartzite, Silurian Fitch Formation, and Devonian Littleton Formation. The Alstead dome is cored by Ordovician Ammonoosuc Volcanics and intruded by Oliverian Plutonic Suite trondhjemitic to granitic gneisses. The Ammonoosuc Volcanics is comprised of various amphibolites and hornblende schists. A metatuff mapped at the top of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics along the western flank of the dome yielded a Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon crystallization ages of 455 ± 11 (Merschat and others, 2015; Valley and others, 2015, in press). Gneisses of the Oliverian Plutonic Suite are separated into two bodies: a smaller body to the north (~1.5 km long) and larger body extending southward beyond the quadrangle border. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon crystallization ages from these bodies are 448 ± 7 Ma and 452 ± 6 Ma, respectively (Merschat and others, 2015; Valley and others, 2015, in press). Map-scale truncations, a metamorphic break (staurolite against biotite and garnet zones), and mylonitic fabrics indicate a fault along the west side of the Skitchewaug nappe, which is mapped as the Northey Hill thrust. The structurally highest nappe, Fall Mountain, is floored by the Brennan Hill thrust (BHT) and contains sillimanite zone and higher-grade Silurian Rangeley Formation intruded by the ~400 Ma Bethlehem Granodiorite (Merschat and others, 2015). The BHT truncates units of the Skitchewaug nappe and juxtaposes the Bethlehem Granodiorite and migmatitic, sillimanite + K-feldspar zone Rangeley Formation over staurolite zone rocks of the Skitchewaug nappe. Reduction in grain size and an increase in the amount of biotite and muscovite in the Bethlehem Gneiss occur near the BHT. Mineral lineations plunge southeast, and kinematic indicators and fold patterns support NW-directed transport. The Fall Mountain nappe may be a west-directed sheath fold, similar to the Skitchewaug nappe and other F1-nappe stage folds (Walsh and others, in press). 40Ar/39Ar muscovite and amphibole ages across the nappes suggest Devonian to Mississippian cooling of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium. Amphibole from the Skitchewaug nappe in a window through the Fall Mountain nappe yields the oldest age at ~380 Ma, while amphibole age spectra from the Alstead dome yield ages of ~330 Ma. Muscovite ages from the Fall Mountain nappe and the Littleton Formation in the Monroe nappe in Vermont yield ages of 316-335 Ma, while ages near the Alstead dome are younger, ~300 Ma. Collectively, the 40Ar/39Ar data suggest peak metamorphism in the Skitchewaug nappe prior to ~380 Ma followed by emplacement of the FM between 335–380 Ma. The Alstead dome may have formed at ~330 Ma or later, and local late fabrics and younger muscovite ages are probably related to late Alleghanian sinistral tectonics. 40Ar/39Ar muscovite ages from the Westminster-West fault zone indicate it is a sinistral Alleghanian fault at ~300 Ma (McWilliams et al., 2013). Extensional Mesozoic faults cut all structural levels. Mesozoic faults have normal dip-slip and strike-slip kinematics. Apatite fission track (AFT) data indicate that the brittle Ammonoosuc fault was active prior to about 100 Ma and experienced little to no re-activation in the Cretaceous, but other regionally significant older ductile faults such as the Northey Hill experienced late Cretaceous (less then 80 Ma) re-activation (Roden-Tice and others, 2009). Additional AFT data suggest some Cretaceous activity on regional brittle faults like the Grantham fault may have extended into the Paleocene (Schnalzer and others, 2015). Extensive brittle faults and slickensided foliation surfaces in the vicinity of the Westminster-West fault zone, especially along Interstate 91, attest to Mesozoic re-activation of earlier structures. The bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle is intended to serve as a foundation for applying geologic information to problems involving land use decisions, groundwater availability and quality, earth resources such as natural aggregate for construction, assessment of natural hazards (earthquakes), and engineering and environmental studies for waste disposal sites and construction projects. BellowsFallsNHVTSIM3535.gdb is a composite geodataset that conforms to "GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--a standard format for digital publication of geologic maps, version 2.0", available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS/. Metadata records associated with each element within the geodataset contain more detailed descriptions of their purposes, constituent entities, and attributes. Two shapefile versions of the dataset are also available. The OPEN shapefile version consists of shapefiles, DBF files, and delimited text files and retains all information in the native geodatabase, but some programming will likely be necessary to assemble these components into usable formats. The SIMPLE shapefile version consists only of shapefiles and is easily used, but lacks some information present in the native geodatabase. 20250601 publication date Complete None planned -72.5012 -72.2483 43.2516 43.1235 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation environment USGS Thesaurus radiometric dating uranium-thorium analysis potassium-argon analysis uranium-lead analysis maps and atlases geologic maps earth sciences cartography geology economic geology geochronology petrology stratigraphy structural geology geologic processes metamorphism (geological) tectonic processes deformation (geologic) folding (geologic) fracture (geologic) faulting (geologic) geologic history geologic structure foliation (geologic) lineation (geologic) rocks and deposits igneous rocks volcanic rocks plutonic rocks metamorphic rocks bedrock geologic units geologic contacts natural resource extraction mining and quarrying geologic time periods Mesozoic Cretaceous Paleozoic Silurian Ordovician Devonian Permian Geologic Names White Mountain Igneous Suite New Hampshire Plutonic Suite Bethlehem Granodiorite Gile Mountain Formation Waits River Formation Littleton Formation Lake Memphremagog Intrusive Suite Comerford Intrusive Complex Fitch Formation Clough Quartzite Rangeley Formation Partridge Formation Ammonoosuc Volcanics Oliverian Plutonic Suite Lithologic classification of geologic map units Sedimentary rock Conglomerate Carbonate rock Limestone Mixed volcanic/clastic rock Felsic volcanic rock Dacite Intermediate volcanic rock Andesite Plutonic rock Lamprophyre Pegmatite Granitoid Granite Quartz diorite Diorite Diabase Granodiorite Trondhjemite Metamorphic rock Metasedimentary rock Slate Quartzite Metaconglomerate Marble Metavolcanic rock Greenstone Phyllite Schist Pelitic schist Amphibole schist Granofels Gneiss Migmatite Amphibolite Tectonic breccia Phyllonite USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:65c62f4ed34ef4b119cb27f4 Common geographic areas United States Vermont Windham County Windsor County Bellows Falls New Hampshire Cheshire Sullivan Alstead None. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. None. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Although software enables the user to display images at various scales, map data in this report should not be used at scales larger than 1:24,000. U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Ernest A. Crider Jr. Geologist mailing

Mail Stop 926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

Reston VA 20192 US 703-648-6906 703-648-6953 ecrider@usgs.gov Funding for this report was provided by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP) from 1994 to 2025. Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Vermont Geological Survey; State of New Hampshire, Department of Environmental Services, New Hampshire Geological Survey Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.6.0.8321 Geologic contacts and information were garnered from 1:24,000-scale mapping of geologic material based on observation from fieldwork, previously published geologic maps, and unpublished geologic data in the region. The geologic information might change if additional outcrops are discovered or exposed as the natural land changes, or as the result of development, or advances in scientific research are made. The features in the database are not based on legal parcels or definitions. Confidence that a feature exists and confidence that a feature is correctly identified are described in per-feature attributes ExistenceConfidence and IdentityConfidence. Geologic contacts and information were garnered from 1:24,000-scale mapping of bedrock material based on observation from geologic fieldwork in the region. The geologic information might change if additional outcrops are discovered or exposed as the natural land changes or as the result of development. The features in the database are not based on legal parcels or definitions. Topology tests were performed to ensure the integrity of the data. These tests checked for polygon overlaps and gaps and line pseudos, dangles, and intersections. Additional tests were conducted to ensure that linework from geologic contacts match polygon boundaries where necessary. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Data were delineated on classic U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic maps at 1:24,000 scale. Therefore, the horizontal accuracy is assumed to be within National Map Accuracy Standards, with a horizontal accuracy of 45.6 feet at the 95% confidence level. In addition, the horizontal accuracy standard requires that the positions of 90 percent of all points tested must be accurate within 1/50th of an inch (0.05 centimeters) on the map. For more information see U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 171-99. Estimated accuracy of horizontal location is given on a per-feature basis by attribute LocationConfidenceMeters. Values are expected to be correct within a factor of 2. A LocationConfidenceMeters value of -9 or -9999 indicates that no value has been assigned. The data were delineated on classic U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic maps at 1:24,000 scale. Therefore, the vertical accuracy is assumed to be within National Map Accuracy Standards, with a vertical accuracy of 11.9 feet at the 95% confidence level. In addition, the vertical accuracy standard requires that the elevation of 90 percent of all points tested much be correct within half of the contour interval. For more information see U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 171-99. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) 2006 publication Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/geolsymstd.php Digital and/or Hardcopy 2006 publication date FGDC This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP) 2020 publication Techniques and Methods book 11. chap. B10 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)—A standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11. chap. B10, 74 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B10 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 publication date GeMS This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network (SPN) 2015 publication U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. Digital and/or Hardcopy 2015 publication date USGS This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. K.K.E. Neuendorf J.P. Mehl, Jr J.A. Jackson 2011 5 publication Alexandria, VA American Geosciences Institute Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. https://glossary.agi.org Digital and/or Hardcopy 2011 publication date AGI This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. A.J. Merschat G.J. Walsh P.M. Valley R.J. McAleer T.R. Armstrong 20250526 publication Scientific Investigations Map 3535 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3535 24000 Digital and/or Hardcopy 20250526 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS01 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. C.K. McWilliams M.J. Kunk R.P. Wintsch D L. Bish 20140127 publication N/A American Journal of Science (AJS) McWilliams, C.K., Kunk, M.J., Wintsch, R.P., and Bish, D.L., 2013, Determining ages of multiple muscovite-bearing foliations in phyllonites using the 40Ar/39Ar step heating method—Applications to the Alleghanian orogeny in central New England: American Journal of Science, v. 313, no. 10, p. 996–1016. https://doi.org/10.2475/10.2013.02 Digital and/or Hardcopy 20140127 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS02 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. A.J. Merschat G.J. Walsh R.J. McAleer M.J. Kunk 2015 publication Abstracts with Programs v. 47, no. 3 N/A Geological Society of America Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., McAleer, R.J., and Kunk, M.J., 2015, Structure and timing of nappe evolution in the Bronson Hill anticlinorium, Bellows Falls and Alstead 7.5-minute quadrangles, NH–VT [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 47, no. 3, p. 93. https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2015NE/webprogram/Paper252646.html Digital and/or Hardcopy 2015 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS03 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. R.J. McAleer 2016 publication McAleer, R.J., 2016, Combining crystal chemical and argon isotopic data to date deformation—New constraints on the tectonic history of New Hampshire: Indiana University, Ph.D. dissertation, 324 p. https://iucat.iu.edu/catalog/15711086 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2016 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS04 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. D.C. Bradley E. Shea R. Buchwaldt J. Benowitz P. O'Sullivan A. McCauley 2016 publication N/A Canadian Mineralogist Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1600035 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2016 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS05 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. N.M. Ratcliffe R.S. Stanley M.H. Gale P.J. Thompson G.J. Walsh 2011 publication Scientific Investigations Map 3184 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Ratcliffe, N.M., Stanley, R.S., Gale, M.H., Thompson, P.J., and Walsh, G.J., 2011, Bedrock geologic map of Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3184, 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000. https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3184 100000 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2011 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS06 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. A.J Merschat G.J Walsh R.J. McAleer 2025 dataset N/A U.S. Geological Survey Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., and McAleer, R.J., 2025, Uranium-lead isotopic data from the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite and metasedimentary rocks of the New Hampshire Sequence in the Bronson Hill anticlinorium from the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Vermont and New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey data release. https://doi.org/10.5066/p13hzdyc Digital and/or Hardcopy 2025 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS07 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. G.J. Walsh P.M. Valley T.R. Armstrong N.M. Ratcliffe A.J. Merschat B.J. Gentry 2020 publication Scientific Investigations Map 3462 Reston, VA US Geological Survey Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., Armstrong, T.R., Ratcliffe, N.M., Merschat, A.J., and Gentry, B.J., 2020, Bedrock geologic map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3462, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3462 24000 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS08 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. J.N. Aleinikoff P. Karabinos 1990 publication Bulletin 1887, p. D1–D10 Reston, VA US Geological Survey Aleinikoff, J.N., and Karabinos, P., 1990, Zircon U-Pb data for the Moretown and Barnard Volcanic Members of the Missisquoi Formation and a dike cutting the Standing Pond Volcanics, southeastern Vermont, in Slack, J.F., ed., Summary results of the Glen Falls CUSMAP project, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1887, p. D1–D10. https://doi.org/10.3133/b1887 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1990 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS09 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. F.M. Hueber W A. Bothner N.L. Hatch S.C. Finney J.N. Aleinikoff 19900401 publication New Haven, CT American Journal of Science (AJS) Hueber, F.M., Bothner, W.A., Hatch, N.L., Jr., Finney, S.C., and Aleinikoff, J.N., 1990, Devonian plants from southern Quebec and northern New Hampshire and the age of the Connecticut Valley Trough: American Journal of Science, v. 290, no. 4, p. 360–395. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.4.360 Digital and/or Hardcopy 19900401 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS10 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. D.W. Rankin R.A. Coish R.D. Tucker Z.X.Peng S.A. Wilson A.A. Rouff 2007 publication New Haven, CT American Journal of Science Rankin, D.W., Coish, R.A., Tucker, R.D., Peng, Z.X., Wilson, S.A., and Rouff, A.A., 2007, Silurian extension in the upper Connecticut Valley, United States, and the origin of middle Paleozoic basins in the Québec embayment: American Journal of Science, v. 307, no. 1, p. 216–264. https://doi.org/10.2475/01.2007.07 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2007 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS11 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. T.R. Armstrong 1997 publication Open-File Report 97–284 Reston, VA US Geological Survey Armstrong, T.R., 1997, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Vermont part of the 7.5- x 15-minute Bellows Falls quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97–284, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, 40-p. pamphlet. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97284 24000 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1997 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS12 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. G.J. Walsh 2016 publication Scientific Investigations Map 3361 Reston, VA US Geological Survey Walsh, G.J., 2016, Bedrock geologic map of the Hartland and North Hartland quadrangles, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan and Grafton Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3361, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3361 24000 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2016 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS13 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. A.J. Merschat G.J. Walsh C.S. Holm-Denoma R.J. McAleer 2016 publication Abstracts with Programs v. 48, no. 2 N/A Geological Society of America Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and McAleer, R.J., 2016, Detrital zircon geochronology of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium and western facies of the central Maine terrane, southern NH–VT [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 48, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016NE-272887 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2016 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS14 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. P.M. Valley G.J. Walsh A.J. Merschat R.J. McAleer 20191211 publication Geosphere v. 16, no. 1 N/A Geological Society of America Valley, P.M., Walsh, G.J., Merschat, A.J., and McAleer, R.J., 2020, Geochronology of the Oliverian Plutonic Suite and the Ammonoosuc Volcanics in the Bronson Hill arc—western New Hampshire, USA: Geosphere, v. 16, no. 1, p. 229–257. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02170.1 Digital and/or Hardcopy 20191211 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS15 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. A.J. Merschat G.J. Walsh R.J. McAleer M.J. Kunk 2017 publication Abstracts with Programs v. 49, no. 2 N/A Geological Society of America Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., McAleer, R.J., and Kunk, M.J., 2017, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls and Alstead 7.5-minute quadrangles, NH–VT—Insight into the tectonics of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 49, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017NE-291358 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2017 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS16 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. J.M. Mattinson 200507 publication Chemical Geology v.. 220, no, 1-2 N/A Elsevier BV Mattinson, J.M., 2005, Zircon U-Pb chemical abrasion ("CA–TIMS") method: combined annealing and multi-step dissolution analysis for improved precision and accuracy of zircon ages: Chemical Geology, v. 220, p. 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.03.011 Digital and/or Hardcopy 200507 publication date BF24KNHVTDAS17 This citation was used in the production of this database, either in the description of map units, or the production of geologic polygons, contacts and faults, or the additional supporting structural and cartographic information. Base-map separate raster scans of 1,200 dots per square inch (dpi) of the 1:24,000-scale Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle were acquired from the U.S. Geological Survey Science Information Services in Rolla, Missouri. The scans were cleaned of scratches in Adobe Photoshop and registered in ArcGIS 10.5 as North American Datum of 1927, using Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, zone 18 north. Later, the base-map separations and base-map shapefiles were projected into North American Datum of 1983, New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system at the request of the authors. A vector water-layer (shapefile) was created using ArcGIS ArcScan to auto vectorize the water fill from the blue separate for use in creating concealed contacts, faults, and axial planes in the database. 20200402 U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Ernest A Crider Geologist mailing

Mail Stop 926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

Reston VA 20192 US 703-648-6906 703-648-6953 ecrider@usgs.gov A geodatabase was created using the GeMS database schema. Information (points, lines, and polygon data) from the author was obtained from a non-compliant geodatabase along with a scientifically reviewed Adobe Illustrator file with colors and additional information not included in the database. The GeMS compliant database schema was expanded to include information from the original database that is not in the GeMS schema. These include, but are not limited to, the Throughgoing, Parting, Fracture, Rotation, Width, Mineral1, and Mineral2 fields in the OrientationPoints feature class. For information about these additional fields, users are encouraged to read the metadata carefully. Individual feature classes were then loaded into the GeMS compliant database, and fields from the original dataset were matched into the GeMS compliant database. The original ContactsandFaults layer was carefully smoothed (with the advanced editing toolbar) and the associated MapUnitPolys were recreated using those smoothed lines. The symbol field was populated with the appropriate numbers from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) CMYK color chart (https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdcgds/geolsymstd/download.php) approximating (and in some case adjusting) the colors used in the Adobe Illustrator map produced by the author. The Type field in the ContactsandFaults and GeologicLines layers were adjusted to fit the explanation of map symbols on the published map. The ContactsandFaults and GeologicLines feature classes were then symbolized using ArcGIS representation classes and the MapUnitPolys layer was matched to the USGSsymbols.style file for color reproduction. Following this, the OrientationPoints and OverlayPolys feature classes were loaded into the dataset. 20200402 Representation classes were then applied to the OrientationPoint feature class. Some of the symbols were customized or repurposed for the published geologic map and the dataset. The OrientationPoints were then adjusted to ensure they were inside existing OverlayPolys (Outcrops), pulled apart where overlapping symbols existed, or hidden (made not visible) where structural measurements were overwhelming. Some information from the OrientationPoints feature class was removed and placed into the GenericPoints feature class, these included mines, spring, and some stations. 20200402 Once edited, the Type field in the OrientationPoints feature class was adjusted to match the Explanation of Map symbols on the published geologic map. Labels on the published geologic map were created using Annotation feature classes. The dataset was then exported to Adobe Illustrator to produce the published geologic map. 20240804 Following the deprecation of cartographic representation in ArcPro during the editing process; cartography was completed using the .styleX format in ArcGIS Pro using a custom stylesheet and a unique SymbolX field, exclusive to the OrientationPoints feature class. Annotation features classes were deleted since the U.S. Geological Survey science publishing network did not properly use them in preparation for the paper geologic map. PlotAtScale was used, where necessary in order to hide structural measurements where they were overwhelming. 20241201 U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Ernest A Crider Geologist mailing address

Mail Stop 926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

Reston VA 20192 US 703-648-6906 703-648-6953 ecrider@usgs.gov After editing, information from the edited map was placed into the DataSources, DescriptionofMapUnits, and Glossary object classes. Annotation features classes were forcefully redone since the U.S. Geological Survey science publishing network did not properly use them in the preparation of the published geologic map. Additional attributes to edit and complete the GeMS database schema were added at this time including information about LocationConfidenceMeters, ExistenceConfidence, and IdentityConfidence. 20250513 Vector G-polygon 12,326 Transverse_Mercator 984250.0 0.0 0.0 -71.6666666666667 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 DescriptionOfMapUnits Non-spatial table that captures content of the Description of Map Units (or equivalent List of Map Units and associated pamphlet text) included in a traditional paper geologic map. Has an internal hierarchy expressed by attribute HierarchyKey GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS DSwvf Felsic volcanic member of the Waits River Formation BF24KNHVTDAS09 | BF24KNHVTDAS10 Sfa Amphibolite member Walsh, G.J., 2016, Bedrock geologic map of the Hartland and North Hartland quadrangles, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan and Grafton Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3361, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Opv Metafelsite volcanics and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dgqs Gray quartzite and metapelite member of the Gile Mountain Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Ops Pelitic schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Srps Porphyroblastic sillimanite schist member of the Rangeley Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwsv Metavolcaniclastic members of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Kd Mafic dikes of the White Mountain Igneous Suite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dbg Bethlehem Granodiorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 Sf Fitch Formation BF24KNHVTDAS12 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 DSwv Laminated schist and granofels member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oog Granite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Dg Granite dikes of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite Ratcliffe, N.M., Stanley, R.S., Gale, M.H., Thompson, P.J., and Walsh, G.J., 2011, Bedrock geologic map of Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3184, 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000. Srq Quartzite, calc-silicate, and schist member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 Scd Metadiabase dikes of the Comerford Intrusive Complex Rankin, D.W., Coish, R.A., Tucker, R.D., Peng, Z.X., Wilson, S.A., and Rouff, A.A., 2007, Silurian extension in the upper Connecticut Valley, United States, and the origin of middle Paleozoic basins in the Québec embayment: American Journal of Science, v. 307, no. 1, p. 216–264. Dl Littleton Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Sca Amphibolite member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Mzsz Breccia or silicified zone Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwhg Hornblende-plagioclase gneiss member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dbd Bethlehem quartz diorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oaf Intermediate to felsic metatuff member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Scs Muscovite schist member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSws Gray phyllite and schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Op Rusty schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwa Amphibolite and greenstone member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwr Rusty schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oot Trondhjemite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Dgq Feldspathic quartzite, granofels, and metapelite member of the Gile Mountain Formation Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., Armstrong, T.R., Ratcliffe, N.M., Merschat, A.J., and Gentry, B.J., 2020, Bedrock geologic map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3462, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Sfc Metaconglomerate member of the Fitch Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. MDp Muscovite-biotite pegmatite of the New Hampshire Plutonic suite Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. Sr Schist and granofels member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 PSph Phyllonite, undivided BF24KNHVTDAS02 | BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 DSwl Limestone and schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Scq Quartzite and metaconglomerate member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Opa Amphibolite member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Src Metaconglomerate, granofels, and schist member of the Rangeley Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwqc Quartz-pebble to polymict conglomerate member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwvq Metavolcaniclastic members of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwg Large-garnet and hornblende garbenscheifer schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oaa Amphibolite member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Name Name of map unit, as shown in boldface in traditional DMU, e.g., "Shnabkaib Member". Identifies unit within its hierarchical context. GeMS Unrepresentable domain FullName Name of map unit including identification of containing higher rank unit(s), e.g., "Shnabkaib Member of Moenkopi Formation". GeMS Unrepresentable domain Age Age of map unit as shown in Description of Map Units. Examples of values are "late Holocene", "Pliocene and Miocene", "Lower Cretaceous". GeMS Unrepresentable domain Description Free-format text description of map unit. Commonly structured according to one or more accepted traditions (e.g., lithology, thickness, color, weathering and outcrop characteristics, distinguishing features, genesis, age constraints) and terse. GeMS Unrepresentable domain HierarchyKey String that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries. GeMS Unrepresentable domain ParagraphStyle Token that identifies formatting of paragraph(s) within traditional Description of Map Units that correspond to this table entry. GeMS DMU Unit 1 Times New Roman, Bold, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, all caps, centered, 12 pt space before U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. DMU Heading 3 Times New Roman, Bold, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, all caps, centered, 12 pt space before U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. DMU Bracketed Headnote - 1 Line Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, centered, 8 pt space before U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. DMU Heading 1 (DMU Title) Times New Roman, Bold, 12 pt, 12 pt leading, all caps, centered U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. DMU Heading 2 Times New Roman, Bold, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, all caps, centered, 12 pt space before U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. DMU Unit 1 w/box (no space between box above) Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, left justified, 66 pt left indent, –20 pt 1st line indent, 6 pt space before U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. DMU Heading 4 Times New Roman, Bold, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, all caps, centered, 12 pt space before U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain AreaFillRGB {Red, Green, Blue} tuples that specify the suggested color (e.g., "255,255,255", "124,005,255") of area fill for symbolizing MapUnit. Each color value is an integer between 0 and 255, values are zero-padded to a length of 3 digits, and values are separated by commas with no space: NNN,NNN,NNN. GeMS Unrepresentable domain AreaFillPatternDescription Text description (e.g., "random small red dashes") provided as a convenience for users who must recreate symbolization. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DescriptionSourceID Source of map-unit description; foreign key to table Datasources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS08 Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., Armstrong, T.R., Ratcliffe, N.M., Merschat, A.J., and Gentry, B.J., 2020, Bedrock geologic map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3462, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report BF24KNHVTDAS06 Ratcliffe, N.M., Stanley, R.S., Gale, M.H., Thompson, P.J., and Walsh, G.J., 2011, Bedrock geologic map of Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3184, 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 This report BF24KNHVTDAS09 | BF24KNHVTDAS10 BF24KNHVTDAS09 | BF24KNHVTDAS10 This report BF24KNHVTDAS11 Rankin, D.W., Coish, R.A., Tucker, R.D., Peng, Z.X., Wilson, S.A., and Rouff, A.A., 2007, Silurian extension in the upper Connecticut Valley, United States, and the origin of middle Paleozoic basins in the Québec embayment: American Journal of Science, v. 307, no. 1, p. 216–264. This report BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 This report BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 This report BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 This report BF24KNHVTDAS13 Walsh, G.J., 2016, Bedrock geologic map of the Hartland and North Hartland quadrangles, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan and Grafton Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3361, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report BF24KNHVTDAS12 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 BF24KNHVTDAS12 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 This report BF24KNHVTDAS02 | BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 BF24KNHVTDAS02 | BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 This report BF24KNHVTDAS05 Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. This report GeoMaterial Categorization of map unit based on lithologic and genetic character, term selected from NGMDB standard term list defined in Appendix A of GeMS documentation, available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS.. GeMS Deformation-related metamorphic rock Rock derived from preexisting rocks by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes in response to strong deformation, commonly in association with marked changes in temperature, pressure, and (or) chemical environment. Generally forms in narrow, planar zones of local deformation (for example, along faults); characterized by foliation or alignment of mineral grains. Includes mylonite and cataclasite. GeMS Conglomerate Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; contains more than 30 percent gravel-sized clasts. GeMS Coarse-grained, felsic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals (for example, feldspar, quartz). Includes granitic, syenitic, and monzonitic rock. GeMS Meta-felsic and intermediate rock Rock derived from preexisting felsic and intermediate-composition rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals; relatively enriched in silica. Includes metagranite, metadiorite, and meta-andesite. GeMS Meta-mafic rock Rock derived from preexisting mafic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of iron- and magnesium-bearing, dark-colored and (or) green minerals. Includes greenstone, amphibolite, and metagabbro. GeMS Coarse-grained, intermediate-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Intermediate in color and in mineral composition (between felsic and mafic igneous rock). Includes dioritic rock. GeMS Medium and high-grade regional metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to relatively intense regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. Includes amphibolite, granulite, schist, and gneiss. GeMS Lower-grade metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to relatively mild regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. Includes slate and phyllite. GeMS Slate and phyllite, of sedimentary-rock origin Fine-grained rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Includes phyllite and slate (compact, fine-grained rock that possesses strong cleavage and, hence, can be split into slabs and thin plates). Mostly formed from fine-grained material such as mudstone. GeMS Fine-grained, felsic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals. Includes rhyolitic, dacitic, trachytic, and latitic rock. GeMS Meta-volcaniclastic rock Rock derived from preexisting volcaniclastic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed of deformed but recognizable particles or clasts of volcanic explosive material. GeMS Fine-grained, mafic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Composed mostly of dark-colored minerals. Includes basaltic rock. GeMS Schist and gneiss, of sedimentary-rock origin Foliated rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Includes schist (characterized by such strong foliation or alignment of minerals that it readily splits into flakes or slabs) and gneiss (characterized by alternating, irregular bands of different mineral composition). Mostly formed from fine-grained material such as mudstone. GeMS Quartzite Rock derived from preexisting quartz-rich sedimentary rocks (commonly sandstone) and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shear stress, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS GeoMaterialConfidence Describes appropriateness of GeoMaterial term for describing the map unit. GeMS Medium The term and definition generally characterize the overall lithology of the map unit, but there are one or more significant minor lithologies that are not adequately described by the selected term. GeMS documentation High The term and definition adequately characterize the overall lithologic nature of rocks and sediments in the map unit. Regarding the subjective term "adequately characterize", we refer to context and objectives of this classification as described in the GeMS documentation. GeMS documentation Low The overall lithology of this map unit is not adequately classifiable using this list of terms and definitions, but the term selected is the best available. Or this map unit is insufficiently known to confidently assign a GeoMaterial term. GeMS documentation DescriptionOfMapUnits_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. DataSources Non-spatial table of sources of all spatial features, sources of some attributes of spatial features, and sources of some attributes of non-spatial table entries. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Source Plain-text short description that identifies the data source. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. URL Universal Resource Locator (URL) or Document Object Identifier (DOI), identifies a document on the World Wide Web. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSources_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. Glossary Non-spatial table that, for certain fields (including all Type fields, Confidence fields, and GeneralLithology), lists the terms that populate these fields, term definitions, and sources for definitions. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Term Plain-language word for a concept. Values must be unique within database as a whole. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Definition Plain-language definition. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DefinitionSourceID Source of definition; foreign key to DataSources. GeMS GeMS U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)—A standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11. chap. B10, 74 p. This report FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. This report AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 This report BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report BF24KNHVTDAS17 Mattinson, J.M., 2005, Zircon U-Pb chemical abrasion ("CA–TIMS") method: combined annealing and multi-step dissolution analysis for improved precision and accuracy of zircon ages: Chemical Geology, v. 220, p. 47–66. This report USGS U.S. Geological Survey Science Publishing Network, MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf. This report AGI Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. This report Glossary_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. GeoMaterialDict Non-spatial table that provides values of GeoMaterial, placed in a hierarchy, and their definitions. For further information, see Appendix A in GeMS documentation, available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain HierarchyKey String that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries. GeMS Unrepresentable domain GeoMaterial Categorization of map unit based on lithologic and genetic character, term selected from NGMDB standard term list defined in Appendix A of GeMS documentation, available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS.. GeMS Volcanic mass flow Volcanic deposits formed by mass movement (for example, debris avalanches, debris flows, lahar deposits), in many cases triggered by volcanic eruption. Debris avalanches that occur on volcanoes clearly without eruptive trigger may be classified as sedimentary (for example, as Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment). GeMS Mass movement sediment Sediment formed by downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. Includes colluvial, landslide, talus, and rock-avalanche deposits. GeMS Marine sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mud, sand, and gravel eroded from rocks and sediment on land, transported by streams, and deposited in marine deltas and basins. Mostly siliceous in composition. GeMS Fine-grained, mafic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Composed mostly of dark-colored minerals. Includes basaltic rock. GeMS Lacustrine sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material, generally silt and clay sized, with lesser amounts of sand, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. GeMS Marine sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly clay- and silt-sized sediment, deposited in relatively deep, quiet water, far removed from areas where coarser grained clastic sediments are washed into marine environment. Includes sediment derived from marine organisms. GeMS Igneous rock Rock and fragmental material that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma). GeMS Intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) below Earths surface. GeMS Lacustrine sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material, generally sand and gravel sized, with lesser amounts of silt and clay, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. Much of sediment is derived from material eroded and transported by streams. Mostly deposits of lake-marginal beaches and deltas. GeMS Meta-felsic and intermediate rock Rock derived from preexisting felsic and intermediate-composition rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals; relatively enriched in silica. Includes metagranite, metadiorite, and meta-andesite. GeMS Coarse-grained, intermediate-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Intermediate in color and in mineral composition (between felsic and mafic igneous rock). Includes dioritic rock. GeMS Medium and high-grade regional metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to relatively intense regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. Includes amphibolite, granulite, schist, and gneiss. GeMS Marine sediment Mud and sand, deposited in various marine environments. May originate from erosion of rocks and sediment or may be derived from marine organisms (of carbonate or siliceous composition). GeMS Quartzite Rock derived from preexisting quartz-rich sedimentary rocks (commonly sandstone) and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shear stress, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment Mostly sand-, silt-, and gravel-sized particles or clasts derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Glacial till, mostly silty Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively loamy (silty) in texture. GeMS Loess Silty sediment, deposited by wind, commonly near glacial margin. GeMS Residual material Unconsolidated material, developed in place by weathering of underlying rock or sediment. Usually forms relatively thin surface layer that conceals unweathered or partly altered source material. Material from which soils are formed. GeMS Felsic-composition air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Because of their high silica content and resulting high viscosity, felsic-composition magmas tend to erupt explosively, readily forming pumice and volcanic ash. Composed of light-colored rocks (for example, rhyolite, dacite, trachyte, latite). GeMS Dune sand Mostly sand-sized sediment, deposited by wind. Typically characterized by various dune landforms. GeMS Carbonate rock Sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of carbonate minerals such as limestone or dolomite. GeMS Contact-metamorphic rock Altered rock that originated by local processes of thermal metamorphism, genetically related to intrusion and extrusion of magmas and taking place at or near contact with body of igneous rock. Metamorphic changes are effected by heat and fluids emanating from magma and by some deformation because of emplacement of igneous mass. GeMS Coarse-grained, mafic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed mostly of feldspar and dark-colored minerals. Includes gabbroic rock. GeMS Lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Composed generally of fine-grained, dark-colored rocks (for example, basalt), which tend to form extensive sheets that have generally low relief, except in vent areas where cinder cones or shield volcanoes may form. Includes basaltic shield volcanoes, which may become very large (for example, Hawaii). GeMS Air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Fine tephra deposited at some distance from volcano is known as volcanic ash. GeMS "Made" or human-engineered land Modern, unconsolidated material known to have human-related origin. GeMS Glacial till, mostly sandy Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively sandy in texture. GeMS Glacial till, mostly clayey Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively clayey in texture. GeMS Coastal zone sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly sand, silt, and gravel, deposited on beaches, in dunes, and in shallow-marine and related alluvial environments. GeMS Felsic-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Because of their high silica content and resulting high viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt explosively, and so these deposits are uncommon. Includes fine-grained, light-colored rock with rhyolitic, dacitic, trachytic, and latitic composition. GeMS Slate and phyllite, of sedimentary-rock origin Fine-grained rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Includes phyllite and slate (compact, fine-grained rock that possesses strong cleavage and, hence, can be split into slabs and thin plates). Mostly formed from fine-grained material such as mudstone. GeMS Fine-grained, felsic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals. Includes rhyolitic, dacitic, trachytic, and latitic rock. GeMS Intermediate-composition air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into the air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows but also can generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Chert Sedimentary rock, composed chiefly of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz. GeMS Mostly sandstone Mostly sandstone, interbedded with other sedimentary rocks that locally may include conglomerate and finer grained clastic rocks (mudstone), carbonates, and (or) coal. GeMS Sandstone Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; consists mostly of sand-sized particles, with or without fine-grained matrix of silt or clay. GeMS Coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. GeMS Rock and sediment Various rocks and sediment, not differentiated. GeMS Coarse-grained, felsic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals (for example, feldspar, quartz). Includes granitic, syenitic, and monzonitic rock. GeMS Meta-mafic rock Rock derived from preexisting mafic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of iron- and magnesium-bearing, dark-colored and (or) green minerals. Includes greenstone, amphibolite, and metagabbro. GeMS Meta-carbonate rock Rock derived from preexisting carbonate sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Characterized by recrystallization of carbonate minerals in source rock. Includes marble (for which preexisting rock was dominantly limestone or other rock composed of calcite), dolomitic marble, meta-dolostone, and meta-dolomite (for which preexisting rock contained appreciable amount of magnesium). GeMS Meta-volcaniclastic rock Rock derived from preexisting volcaniclastic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed of deformed but recognizable particles or clasts of volcanic explosive material. GeMS Silt and clay of unspecified origin Sediment composed mostly of silt and (or) clay, formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly sand- and gravel-sized particles or clasts, with lesser amounts of silt and clay, derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Coal and lignite Organic-rich sedimentary rock, formed from compaction and alteration of plant remains. Coal is consolidated, harder, black rock. Lignite is semiconsolidated, brown to black, earthy material that may contain large particles of recognizable plant parts and tends to crack upon drying. GeMS Igneous and metamorphic rock Consists of coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock and generally medium- to high-grade metamorphic rock. GeMS Dolomite Carbonate sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of dolomite. Although dolostone is the proper analog to limestone, it has not often been applied to dolomitic units. GeMS Other materials Other materials GeMS Mostly carbonate rock Mostly carbonate rock, interbedded with other sedimentary rock types. GeMS Lower-grade metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to relatively mild regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. Includes slate and phyllite. GeMS Sedimentary and extrusive igneous material Either (1) sedimentary rock and (or) unconsolidated material (sediment) and extrusive igneous material (volcanic rock and [or] sediment) or (2) volcanic rock and (or) sediment and such material after erosion and redeposition. GeMS Sedimentary rock Consolidated material (rock) composed of particles transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface, such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. Does not here include sedimentary material directly deposited as result of volcanic activity. GeMS Glacial till Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. GeMS Metasedimentary rock Rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment Sediment formed by relatively localized, downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. Speed of downslope transport ranges from rapid to imperceptible. GeMS Conglomerate Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; contains more than 30 percent gravel-sized clasts. GeMS Sediment Unconsolidated material (sediment) composed of particles deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or as accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. Does not include sedimentary material directly deposited as a result of volcanic activity. GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly silt- and clay-sized particles or clasts, with lesser amounts of sand and gravel, derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Coastal zone sediment Mud and sand, with lesser amounts of gravel, deposited on beaches, on barrier islands, or in nearshore-marine, deltaic, or various low-energy shoreline (mud flat, tidal flat, sabka, algal flat) environments. GeMS Volcaniclastic (fragmental) material Rock and unconsolidated material consisting of particles or clasts that were formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from volcanic vent. GeMS Evaporitic rock Sedimentary rock, composed primarily of minerals produced by evaporation of saline solution. Examples include gypsum, anhydrite, other diverse sulfates, halite (rock salt), primary dolomite, and rocks composed of various nitrates and borates. GeMS Eolian sediment Silt- and sand-sized sediment, deposited by wind. GeMS Peat and muck Unconsolidated material, principally composed of plant remains, with lesser amounts of fine-grained clastic sediment. Deposited in water-saturated environment such as swamp, marsh, or bog. With lithification, such material becomes coal. GeMS Mafic-composition air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into the air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Because of their low silica content and resulting low viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt gently as lava flows, and so these deposits are uncommon. Includes basalt; rocks are commonly dark-colored. GeMS Clastic sediment Sediment formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Extrusive igneous material Molten material that was erupted onto Earths surface, fusing into rock or remaining as unconsolidated particles. Includes pyroclastic flows, air-fall tephra, lava flows, and volcanic mass flows. GeMS Metamorphic rock Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Intermediate-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and in mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Limestone Carbonate sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of calcite. GeMS Clastic sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of preexisting rock and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Regional metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. GeMS Mafic-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Because of their low silica content and resulting low viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt gently as lava flows rather than more forcefully as pyroclastic flows. Includes basalt; rocks are commonly dark-colored. GeMS Meta-ultramafic rock Rock derived from preexisting ultramafic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of magnesium-bearing minerals (for example, serpentine, talc, magnesite). GeMS Alluvial sediment, mostly coarse-grained Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Sediment is mostly sand, gravel, and coarser material but may also contain some silt and clay. GeMS Lacustrine sediment Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material that ranges in grain size from clay to gravel, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. Much of sediment is derived from material eroded and transported by streams. Includes deposits of lake-marginal beaches and deltas. GeMS Sand and gravel of unspecified origin Sediment composed mostly of sand and (or) gravel, formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Water or ice Water or ice GeMS Schist and gneiss, of sedimentary-rock origin Foliated rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Includes schist (characterized by such strong foliation or alignment of minerals that it readily splits into flakes or slabs) and gneiss (characterized by alternating, irregular bands of different mineral composition). Mostly formed from fine-grained material such as mudstone. GeMS Intermediate-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows but also can generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Iron-rich sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock, in which at least half (by volume) of observed minerals are iron bearing (hematite, magnetite, limonite group minerals, siderite, iron sulfides). GeMS Fine-grained intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. GeMS Sedimentary material An aggregation of particles deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or as accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. May include unconsolidated material (sediment) and (or) sedimentary rock. Does not include sedimentary material directly deposited as a result of volcanic activity. GeMS Alluvial sediment Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Grain size varies from clay to gravel. GeMS Fine-grained, intermediate-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Intermediate in color and in mineral composition (between felsic and mafic igneous rock). Includes andesitic rock. GeMS Coastal zone sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly clay and silt, deposited in lagoons, tidal flats, backbarriers, and coastal marshes. GeMS Mudstone Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; consists mostly of mud (that is, silt- and clay-sized particles). Includes shale and siltstone. GeMS Deformation-related metamorphic rock Rock derived from preexisting rocks by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes in response to strong deformation, commonly in association with marked changes in temperature, pressure, and (or) chemical environment. Generally forms in narrow, planar zones of local deformation (for example, along faults); characterized by foliation or alignment of mineral grains. Includes mylonite and cataclasite. GeMS Mostly mudstone Mostly mudstone, interbedded with other sedimentary rocks that locally may include coarser grained clastic rocks (sandstone, conglomerate), carbonates, and (or) coal. GeMS Pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano or caldera. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. GeMS Carbonate sediment Sediment formed by biotic or abiotic precipitation from aqueous solution of carbonates of calcium, magnesium, or iron (for example, limestone, dolomite). GeMS Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone (including shale and siltstone), in approximately equal (or unspecified) proportions. GeMS Exotic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) below Earths surface that has exotic mineralogical, textural, or field setting characteristics. Typically dark colored with abundant phenocrysts. Includes kimberlite, lamprophyre, lamproite, and foiditic rocks. GeMS Felsic-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano or caldera. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Because of their high-silica content and resulting high viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt explosively. Includes rhyolite, dacite, trachyte, latite; rocks are commonly light-colored. GeMS Unmapped area Unmapped area GeMS Mafic-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Low-silica parental magmas have low viscosity and tend to form extensive sheets that have generally low relief. Includes basaltic shield volcanoes, which may become very large (for example, in Hawaii). Composed of fine-grained, dark rocks, including basaltic. GeMS Alluvial sediment, mostly fine-grained Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Sediment is mostly silt and clay but may also contain some sand and gravel. GeMS Playa sediment Fine-grained clastic sediment and evaporitic salts, deposited in ephemeral lakes in centers of undrained basins. Includes material deposited in playas, mud flats, salt flats, and adjacent saline marshes. Generally interbedded with eolian sand and with lacustrine sediment deposited during wetter climatic periods; commonly intertongues upslope with sediment deposited by alluvial fans. GeMS Rock Various rock types, not differentiated. GeMS Colluvium and other widespread mass-movement sediment Sediment formed by slow, relatively widespread, downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. GeMS Metaigneous rock Rock derived from preexisting igneous rocks and altered by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shear stress, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Ultramafic intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed almost entirely of mafic minerals (for example, hypersthene, augite, olivine). GeMS IndentedName Name with addition of leading spaces to help show rank within a hierarchical list. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Definition Plain-language definition. GeMS Unrepresentable domain MapUnitPolys Polygons that record distribution of map units (including water, snowfields, glaciers, and unmapped area) on the particular map horizon. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Area Internal feature area, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS Sfa Amphibolite member Walsh, G.J., 2016, Bedrock geologic map of the Hartland and North Hartland quadrangles, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan and Grafton Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3361, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwvf Felsic volcanic member of the Waits River Formation BF24KNHVTDAS09 | BF24KNHVTDAS10 Opv Metafelsite volcanics and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Ops Pelitic schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dgqs Gray quartzite and metapelite member of the Gile Mountain Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Srps Porphyroblastic sillimanite schist member of the Rangeley Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwsv Metavolcaniclastic members of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Kd Mafic dikes of the White Mountain Igneous Suite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dbg Bethlehem Granodiorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 Sf Fitch Formation BF24KNHVTDAS12 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 Oog Granite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Dg Granite dikes of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite Ratcliffe, N.M., Stanley, R.S., Gale, M.H., Thompson, P.J., and Walsh, G.J., 2011, Bedrock geologic map of Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3184, 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000. Srq Quartzite, calc-silicate, and schist member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 Scd Metadiabase dikes of the Comerford Intrusive Complex Rankin, D.W., Coish, R.A., Tucker, R.D., Peng, Z.X., Wilson, S.A., and Rouff, A.A., 2007, Silurian extension in the upper Connecticut Valley, United States, and the origin of middle Paleozoic basins in the Québec embayment: American Journal of Science, v. 307, no. 1, p. 216–264. DSwg Large-garnet and hornblende garbenscheifer schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dl Littleton Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Sca Amphibolite member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Mzsz Breccia or silicified zone Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwhg Hornblende-plagioclase gneiss member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dbd Bethlehem quartz diorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oaf Intermediate to felsic metatuff member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Scs Muscovite schist member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSws Gray phyllite and schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Op Rusty schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwa Amphibolite and greenstone member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwr Rusty schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oot Trondhjemite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Dgq Feldspathic quartzite, granofels, and metapelite member of the Gile Mountain Formation Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., Armstrong, T.R., Ratcliffe, N.M., Merschat, A.J., and Gentry, B.J., 2020, Bedrock geologic map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3462, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Sfc Metaconglomerate member of the Fitch Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. MDp Muscovite-biotite pegmatite of the New Hampshire Plutonic suite Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. Sr Schist and granofels member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 PSph Phyllonite, undivided BF24KNHVTDAS02 | BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 DSwl Limestone and schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Scq Quartzite and metaconglomerate member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Opa Amphibolite member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Src Metaconglomerate, granofels, and schist member of the Rangeley Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwqc Quartz-pebble to polymict conglomerate member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwvq Metavolcaniclastic members of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwv Laminated schist and granofels member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oaa Amphibolite member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. MapUnitPolys_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. OverlayPolys Polygons that delineate underlying material, overlying material, or some aspect of earth materials other than the geologic map unit, e.g., dike swarm, alteration zone. On a map graphic, such polygons are commonly shown by a patterned overprint. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Area Internal feature area, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS water body Bodies of water in this database and accompanying published geologic map were delineated previously published base map material. They reside in the OverlayPolys feature class and were used to delineate concealed contacts and faults. Users of this database should note that the boundaries of these water bodies are not defined by modern methods such as LiDAR. Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. outcrop Areas of exposed bedrock or closely spaced contiguous bedrock exposures examined in this study. Outcrops are exaggerated to show location on the published geologic map. Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. OverlayPolys_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. ContactsAndFaults Contacts between map units, faults that bound map units, and associated dangling faults. Includes concealed faults and contacts, waterlines, snowfield and glacier boundaries, and map boundary. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS map boundary The line that surrounds a map, separating the map from the margin. Map boundaries usually consist of parallels and meridians, but conventional or arbitrary grid lines may be used. AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 contact Trace of a plane or irregular surface between two types or ages of rock. All contacts within this map are approximate and concealed where water bodies are present Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. fault, metamorphic Post-peak metamorphic strike-slip fault or shear zone; steeply dipping, parallel to the S2 foliation; paired arrows indicate relative left-lateral or right-lateral motion where known; U, upthrown side; D, downthrown side. Includes faults in the Westminster West fault zone and the Skitchewaug Mountain and Woodbury Road faults; likely created or reactivated during the Alleghanian orogeny. Approximately located; dotted where concealed by water. Queried where location is uncertain Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. fault, brittle Steeply dipping fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall; paired arrows indicate relative left-lateral or right-lateral motion where known; U, upthrown side; D, downthrown side. Includes the Ammonoosuc, Grantham, and Border faults; likely Paleozoic or Precambrian in age with reactivation during the Meosozoic era. Approximately located; dotted where concealed by water. Queried where location is uncertain AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 fault, thrust Syn- to post-peak metamorphic thrust fault; parallel to the S2 foliation; sawteeth on upper plate. Includes the Fall Mountain thrust, the Brennan Hill thrust fault, and the Northey Hill fault; likely occurring during the Acadian or Alleghanian orogenies. Approximately located; dotted where concealed by water. Queried where location is uncertain Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. IsConcealed Flag for contacts and faults covered by overlying map unit. GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. ExistenceConfidence Confidence that feature exists. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault." Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault." Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. ContactsAndFaults_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. GeologicLines Lines that represent dikes, coal seams, ash beds, fold hinge-surface traces, isograds, and other linear features. All have these properties: (A) They do not participate in map-unit topology. (B) They correspond to features that exist within the Earth and may be concealed beneath younger, covering, material. (C) They are located with an accuracy that likely can be estimated. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS syncline, overturned, F1 A fold of which the core contains the stratigraphically younger rocks; it is generally concave upward that has tilted beyond the perpendicular that likely occured during the Acadian orogeny (nappe-stage). Location is known or inferred; dotted where concealed by water. Symbols show trace of axial surface and direction of dip of limbs AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 metamorphic isograd A line on a map joining points at which metamorphism proceeded at similar values of pressure and temperature as indicated by rocks containing a diagnostic mineral or mineral assemblage. Such a line represents the intersection of a reaction surface with the Earth's surface corresponding to the boundary between two contiguous zones of metamorphic grade, as defined by the appearance of specific index minerals, e.g., garnet isograd, staurolite isograd. Metamorphic isograds conincident with faults in this map have been removed. Notes in the ContactsandFaults feature class have been added to indicate a change in metamorphic assemblage coincident with those faults Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. antiform, overturned, F3 A convex-upward, concave downward fold that has tilted beyond the perpendicular likely occured during the later portion of the Alleghanian orogeny or even later during the Mesozoic age. Location is known or inferred; dotted where concealed by water. Symbols show trace of axial surface and direction of dip of limbs AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 synform, F3 A convex-downward, concave upward fold that likely occured during the later portion of the Alleghanian orogeny or even later during the Mesozoic age. Location is known or inferred; dotted where concealed by water. Symbols show trace of axial surface and direction of dip of limbs AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 antiform, F2 A convex-upward, concave downward fold that likely occrured during the early portion or during the Acadian orogeny. Location is known or inferred; dotted where concealed by water. Symbols show trace of axial surface and direction of dip of limbs; includes the Alstead dome that is not labeled on the published geologic map AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 synform, F2 A convex-downward, concave upward fold that likely occrured during the early portion or during the Acadian orogeny. Location is known or inferred; dotted where concealed by water. Symbols show trace of axial surface and direction of dip of limbs AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 IsConcealed Flag for contacts and faults covered by overlying map unit. GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. ExistenceConfidence Confidence that feature exists. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. GeologicLines_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. CartographicLines Lines (e.g., cross-section lines) that have no real-world physical existence, such that LocationConfidenceMeters, ExistenceConfidence, and IdentityConfidence attributes are meaningless, and that are never shown as concealed beneath a covering unit. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS cross section Surface line used to diagram or drawing that shows features transected by a given plane Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. CartographicLines_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. OrientationPoints Point structure data (e.g., bedding attitudes, foliation attitudes, slip vectors measured at a point, etc.), one point per measurement. Multiple measurements at a single station (e.g., bedding and cleavage) should have the same StationsID. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS dike and (or) sill, Kd Structural measurement of tabular igneous intrusions of Cretaceous age mafic dikes [Kd} that cuts across or are parallel to the bedding or foliation of country rock AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 lineation, stretched pebble Structural measurement defined by the long axis of a deformed elongate pebble; measurement taken where deformed pebbles have similar oriented long axes Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. axial surface, F2 Structural measurement of a surface that connects the hinge line of tightly folded rootless (isoclinal) strata likely during the beginning or during the Acadian orogeny (dome-stage). F2 folds are parallel to S2 foliation AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 fold axis, F1 Structural measurement of a line connecting the points of flexure or maximum curvature of (beds, foliation) in tight (isoclinal) folds formed during the beginning or during the Acadian orogeny (dome-stage) AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 dike and (or) sill, Scd Structural measurement of a tabular igneous intrusions of Silurian age metadiabase dikes of the Comerford Intrusive Complex [Scd] that cuts across or are parallel to the bedding or foliation of the country rock AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 axial surface, F1 Structural measurement of a surface that connects the hinge line of tightly folded rootless (isoclinal) strata likely during the end of the Acadian orogeny (nappe-stage). F1 folds are parallel to S1 foliation. AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 fold axis, F2 Structural measurement of a line connecting the points of flexure or maximum curvature of (beds, foliation) in tight (isoclinal) folds formed during the late Acadian orogeny (dome-stage) AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 kink band Structural measurement of a non-penetrative widely spaced cleavage, locally parallel to broad low-amplitude, high-wavelength folds with variable orientation; locally quartz and carbonate mineralization fills veins parallel to kink surfaces; may be related to brittle faults and Mesozoic extension Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. foliation, spaced, S2 Structural measurement of a planar arrangement of textural or structural features in schist or other metamorphic or igneous rock, a preferred orientation of crystal planes in mineral grains, a preferred orientation of inequant grain shapes, or from compositional banding. Likely formed during the Acadian orogeny but may have formed during later mountain building events AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01M lineation, mineral, L2 Structural measurement of a linear fabric element defined by the preferred orientation of inequant mineral grains or elongated grain aggregates frequently associated with foliations formed during the Acadian orogen consisting of quartz, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite, chlorite, or amphibole AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 lineation, intersection, L2 Structural measurement of a lineation formed by the intersection of two planar surfaces, at least one of which is penetrative associated with foliation that occured during differing times of the Acadian orogeny or possibly Alleghanian orogeny AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 dike and (or) sill, Oot Structural measurement of a tabular igneous intrusions of Ordovician age Trondhjemite gneiss of the Alstead dome [Oot] that cuts across or are parallel to the bedding or foliation of the country rock AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 layer-parallel foliation, S1 Structural measurement of a folded pattern of parallel layers of minerals in metamorphic rocks that occurs when minerals align and recrystallize Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. joint Structural measurement of a planar fracture, crack, or parting in a rock, without shear displacement Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. cleavage, S2 Structural measurement of a locally planar fabric in an unmetamorphosed or weakly metamorphosed, fine-grained rock defined by either the tendency of a rock to split in a particular direction, a preferred orientation of crystal planes in mineral grains, or a preferred orientation of inequant grain shapes. Penetrative to the west, zonal in the east; likely formed during the Acadian orogeny AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 dike and (or) sill, Dg Structural measurement of a tabular igneous intrusions of Devonian age granite dikes [Dg] that cut across or are parallel to the bedding or foliation of country rock AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 fold axis and (or) crenulation lineation, F3 Structural measurement of a line connecting the points of flexure or maximum curvature of (beds, foliation) in open folds during the late Alleghanian orogeny late dome-stage or younger AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 cleavage, S3 Structural measurement of a foliation that results from a preferred orientation of rock layers or mineral grains due to microscale folding. Associated with open folds and a crenulation lineation that is most apparent in fine-grained metapelites of the Alleghanian orogeny AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 lineation, folded Structural measurement of a linear fabric element defined by the preferred orientation of inequant mineral grains (e.g. prismatic grains of hornblende) or elongated grain aggregates. This lineation was clearly folded AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 dike and (or) sill, MDp Structural measurement of a tabular igneous intrusions of Mississippian to Devonian age muscovite-biotite pegmatite (MDp) that cuts across or are parallel to the bedding or foliation of country rock AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 fold axis, folded, F1 Structural measurement of a line connecting the points of flexure or maximum curvature of (beds, foliation) in tight (isoclinal) folds formed during the beginning or during the Acadian orogeny (dome-stage); this single measurement was refolded presumably during the Alleghanian orogeny or later AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 axial surface, F3 Structural measurement of a surface that connects the hinge line of openly folded strata during the Alleghanian orogeny AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 foliation, mylonitic, S2 Structural measurement of a planar arrangement of textural or structural features in mylonitic or phyllonitic rock near shear zones likely occuring during the Acadian orogeny AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 slickenside Structural measurement of a lineation defined by grooves, ridges, and/or striations along a fault surface Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. vein Structural measurement of quartz veins. Width of the features in this type are displayed in the Width field of the OrientationPoints feature class. Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. glacial grooves Structural measurement of a deep, wide, usually straight furrow cut in bedrock by the abrasive action of a rock fragment embedded in the bottom of a moving glacier Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. foliation, Sn Structural measurement of a planar arrangement of textural or structural features in any type of rock, esp. the locally planar fabric in a rock defined by a fissility, a preferred orientation of crystal planes in mineral grains, a preferred orientation of inequant grain shapes, or from compositional banding. Likely formed during the Acadian orogeny but may have formed during later mountain building events AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 shear band Structural measurement of a foliation caused by the shearing of rock due to intense strain in parallel or sub-parallel directions Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. fault Structural measurement of a local discrete surface or zone of discrete surfaces separating two rock masses across which one mass has slid past the other. Direction of local faulting structural measurements, where known, were characterized in the FaultType field in the OrientationPoints features class in this database AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 foliation, deformed, S1 Structural measurement of a deformed planar arrangement of textural or structural features in any type of rock, esp. the locally planar fabric in a rock defined by a fissility, a preferred orientation of crystal planes in mineral grains, a preferred orientation of inequant grain shapes, or from compositional banding. Likely formed during the Acadian orogeny AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 bedding Structural measurement of the arrangement of inclined or overturned sedimentary or? igneous rocks in beds or layers of varying thickness and character. This attribute contains structural measurements with crossbedding and graded bedding used a younging indicators AGI | BF24KNHVTDAS01 Azimuth Strike or trend, measured in degrees clockwise from geographic North. Use right-hand rule (dip is to right of azimuth direction). Horizontal planar features may have any azimuth. GeMS 0 360 degrees (angular measure) Inclination Dip or plunge, measured in degrees down from horizontal. Negative values allowed when specifying vectors (not axes) that point above the horizon, e.g., paleocurrents. Types defined as horizontal (e.g., horizontal bedding) shall have Inclination=0. GeMS -90 90 degrees (angular measure) Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault." Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. OrientationConfidenceDegrees Estimated angular precision of combined azimuth AND inclination measurements, in degrees. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. PlotAtScale At what scale (or larger) should this observation or analysis be plotted? At smaller scales, it should not be plotted. Useful to prevent crowding of display at small scales and to display progressively more data at larger and larger scales. Value is scale denominator. GeMS Positive real number. StationsID Station number assigned by person who originally located this station. Commonly, key to field sheet, field, or digital notebook. GeMS Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS DSwvf Felsic volcanic member of the Waits River Formation BF24KNHVTDAS09 | BF24KNHVTDAS10 Opv Metafelsite volcanics and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Ops Pelitic schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dgqs Gray quartzite and metapelite member of the Gile Mountain Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Srps Porphyroblastic sillimanite schist member of the Rangeley Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwsv Metavolcaniclastic members of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Kd Mafic dikes of the White Mountain Igneous Suite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dbg Bethlehem Granodiorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 Sf Fitch Formation BF24KNHVTDAS12 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 Oog Granite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 DSwv Laminated schist and granofels member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dg Granite dikes of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite Ratcliffe, N.M., Stanley, R.S., Gale, M.H., Thompson, P.J., and Walsh, G.J., 2011, Bedrock geologic map of Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3184, 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000. Srq Quartzite, calc-silicate, and schist member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 Scd Metadiabase dikes of the Comerford Intrusive Complex Rankin, D.W., Coish, R.A., Tucker, R.D., Peng, Z.X., Wilson, S.A., and Rouff, A.A., 2007, Silurian extension in the upper Connecticut Valley, United States, and the origin of middle Paleozoic basins in the Québec embayment: American Journal of Science, v. 307, no. 1, p. 216–264. DSwg Large-garnet and hornblende garbenscheifer schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Sca Amphibolite member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Mzsz Breccia or silicified zone Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwhg Hornblende-plagioclase gneiss member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dbd Bethlehem quartz diorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oaf Intermediate to felsic metatuff member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Scs Muscovite schist member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSws Gray phyllite and schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Op Rusty schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwa Amphibolite and greenstone member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwr Rusty schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oot Trondhjemite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Dgq Feldspathic quartzite, granofels, and metapelite member of the Gile Mountain Formation Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., Armstrong, T.R., Ratcliffe, N.M., Merschat, A.J., and Gentry, B.J., 2020, Bedrock geologic map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3462, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Sfc Metaconglomerate member of the Fitch Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. MDp Muscovite-biotite pegmatite of the New Hampshire Plutonic suite Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. Sr Schist and granofels member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 PSph Phyllonite, undivided BF24KNHVTDAS02 | BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 DSwl Limestone and schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Scq Quartzite and metaconglomerate member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Opa Amphibolite member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Src Metaconglomerate, granofels, and schist member of the Rangeley Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwqc Quartz-pebble to polymict conglomerate member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwvq Metavolcaniclastic members of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dl Littleton Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oaa Amphibolite member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. LocationSourceID Source of location; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report OrientationSourceID Source of orientation data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. OrientationPoints_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. Parting "Y" Indicates the planar feature exhibits parting or fracturing parallel to the surface measured. Null values indicate the structural measurement does not have parting or the field does not apply to that measurement. BF24KNHVTDAS01 Unrepresentable domain Throughgoing "Y" indicates the measured brittle feature is throughgoing and passes through the entire outcrop. Null values indicate the structural measurement is not throughgoing or the field does not apply to that measurement. BF24KNHVTDAS01 Unrepresentable domain Fracture "Y" indicates feature is a fracture. Null values indicate the structural measurement does not have fracture or the field does not apply to that measurement. BF24KNHVTDAS01 Unrepresentable domain Termination Termination of joints where known. Null values indicate the structural measurement has an unknown termination value or the field does not apply to that measurement. BF24KNHVTDAS01 crossing Joint has created some visible displacement in outcrop. BF24KNHVTDAS01 blind Joint has created no visible displacement in outcrop or displacement is unknown or undecipherable in outcrop. BF24KNHVTDAS01 abutting Joint has created no visible displacement in outcrop. Producer defined Width Numeric width or thickness of dike and (or) vein; units in meters range from 50 to 0.001. Null values indicate lack of measurement or the field does not apply to that measurement. BF24KNHVTDAS01 .001 50 meters FaultType Movement sense of brittle fault as measured in local outcrop. Null values indicate fault movement is unknown or the field does not apply to that measurement. BF24KNHVTDAS01 reverse Indicates the movement of the local fault measurements is reverse. BF24KNHVTDAS01 thrust Indicates the movement of the local fault measurements is thrust. BF24KNHVTDAS01 normal Indicates the movement of the local fault measurements is normal. BF24KNHVTDAS01 right lateral Indicates the movement of the local fault measurements is dextral. BF24KNHVTDAS01 left lateral Indicates the movement of the local fault measurements is sinistral. BF24KNHVTDAS01 Mineral Primary mineral in veins or metamorphic index minerals; valid values include: tourmaline, sulfide, staurolite, sillimanite, quartz, pyrite, plagioclase, magnetite, hornblende, garnet, epidote, chlorite, chaccopyrite, biotite, alkali feldspar, and actinolite. Null values indicate lack of information or the field does not apply to that measurement. BF24KNHVTDAS01 Unrepresentable domain SymbolX Modified FGDC reference values for structural measurements within the OrientationPoints feature class. Values of .01 and .02 following tradtional FGDC values shift the cartographic symbol to the left or right easing cartographic production. Additional modifications including changes to individual reference value cartographic specifications to create new symbols for use on the published geologic map. The most common change is to reference value 08.02.11 (inclined cumulate foliation) by adding additional fill colors by creating a "box" with the symbol. This field allows the user of this database to "match symbols to a syle" from the custom FGDC styleX file provided with the database; allowing total reproduction of the structural measurement symbols on the published geologic map. BF24KNHVTDAS01 Unrepresentable domain GeochronPoints Point locations of samples and accompanying geochronological measurements. Type field identifies geochronological method. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS Ar/Ar geochronology Sample location of age dated rock from a variation of the potassium-argon age method in which the sample to be dated is first irradiated with neutrons, converting some potassium-39 to argon-39. Argon is then extracted from the sample (either in one step or incrementally), and its isotopic composition analyzed. The amount of argon-39 is a measure of potassium content, and the ratio of radiogenic argon-40 to argon-39 is a function of age Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. SHRIMP geochronology Sample location of age dated rock using the sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) method Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. CA-TIMS geochronology Sample location of age dated rock using the chemical abrasion thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) method (Mattison, 2005) Mattinson, J.M., 2005, Zircon U-Pb chemical abrasion ("CA–TIMS") method: combined annealing and multi-step dissolution analysis for improved precision and accuracy of zircon ages: Chemical Geology, v. 220, p. 47–66. LA-ICP-MS geochronology Sample location of age dated rock using the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. FieldSampleID Sample ID given at time of collection. GeMS Unrepresentable domain AlternateSampleID Museum #, lab #, etc. GeMS Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS Opv Metafelsite volcanics and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. MDp Muscovite-biotite pegmatite of the New Hampshire Plutonic suite Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. Oaf Intermediate to felsic metatuff member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Sr Schist and granofels member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 Dbg Bethlehem Granodiorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 Oog Granite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Opa Amphibolite member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Op Rusty schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dl Littleton Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oot Trondhjemite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Srq Quartzite, calc-silicate, and schist member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 Oaa Amphibolite member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. PlotAtScale At what scale (or larger) should this observation or analysis be plotted? At smaller scales, it should not be plotted. Useful to prevent crowding of display at small scales and to display progressively more data at larger and larger scales. Value is scale denominator. GeMS Positive real number. MaterialAnalyzed Earth-material which was analyzed, e.g., wood, shell, zircon, basalt, whole-rock. GeMS Unrepresentable domain NumericAge Age of map unit as shown in Description of Map Units. Examples of values are "late Holocene", "Pliocene and Miocene", "Lower Cretaceous". GeMS Unrepresentable domain AgePlusError Positive (older) age error, measured in AgeUnits. Type of error (RMSE, 1 sigma, 2 sigma, 95% confidence limit) should be stated in Notes field. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. AgeMinusError Negative (younger) age error, measured in AgeUnits. Type of error (RMSE, 1 sigma, 2 sigma, 95% confidence limit) should be stated in Notes field. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. AgeUnits Units for NumericAge, AgePlusError, AgeMinusError. GeMS Ma Mega-annum; millions of years before present Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. StationsID Foreign key to Stations point feature class. GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationSourceID Source of location; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 This report BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 This report BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 This report BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 This report BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS16 BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS16 This report BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 This report BF24KNHVTDAS05 Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. This report AnalysisSourceID Source of analysis; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 This report BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 This report BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 This report BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 This report BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS16 BF24KNHVTDAS04 | BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS16 This report BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS04 This report BF24KNHVTDAS05 Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. GeochronPoints_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. ErrorMeasure Measure of error whose values are recorded in AgePlusError and AgeMinusError fields. Examples of values are "RMSE", "1 sigma", "2 sigma", "95% confidence interval." GeMS Unrepresentable domain Stations Point locations of field observations and (or) samples. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain FieldID Station number assigned by person who originally located this station. Commonly, key to field sheet and (or) field notebook. GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. ObservedMapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS Dgqs Gray quartzite and metapelite member of the Gile Mountain Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Ops Pelitic schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwg Large-garnet and hornblende garbenscheifer schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Sr Schist and granofels member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 Dbg Bethlehem Granodiorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 DSws Gray phyllite and schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwl Limestone and schist member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Scq Quartzite and metaconglomerate member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwv Laminated schist and granofels member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dg Granite dikes of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite Ratcliffe, N.M., Stanley, R.S., Gale, M.H., Thompson, P.J., and Walsh, G.J., 2011, Bedrock geologic map of Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3184, 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000. Dl Littleton Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Srq Quartzite, calc-silicate, and schist member of the Rangeley Formation BF24KNHVTDAS14 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain PlotAtScale At what scale (or larger) should this observation or analysis be plotted? At smaller scales, it should not be plotted. Useful to prevent crowding of display at small scales and to display progressively more data at larger and larger scales. Value is scale denominator. GeMS Positive real number. DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. LocationMethod Technique used to determine this station location Examples of values are "recreational GPS", "survey grade GPS", "by inspection", "by offset." MISSING Unrepresentable domain TimeDate Time and date of observation at station. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Observer Name and affiliation of person who located this station. Example of value is "A.B. Geolog, UC Berkeley." GeMS Unrepresentable domain SignificantDimensionMeters Significant dimension of exposure (in meters) at this station. Values could be thickness of stratigraphic section or depth of auger hole. GeMS Unrepresentable domain GPSX Measured GPS coordinate (easting). May differ from map coordinate because of GPS error or (more likely) base map error. GeMS Unrepresentable domain GPSY Measured GPS coordinate (northing). May differ from map coordinate because of GPS error or (more likely) base map error. GeMS Unrepresentable domain PDOP PDOP = Position Dilution Of Precision at this station; estimator of GPS accuracy. Null values permitted' GeMS Unrepresentable domain MapX Station coordinate (easting) as compiled on the base map; base map should be identified in the DataSources record. GeMS Unrepresentable domain MapY Station coordinate (northing) as compiled on the base map; base map should be identified in the DataSources record. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Stations_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. GenericPoints Point feature class containing to locations of mineral resources from active or abandoned mines, quarries or prospects.. May also contain the location of springs and other point features In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. BF24KNHVTDAS01 OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS spring The location where groundwater flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a body of surface water Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. abandoned mine, prospect, or occurrence The location of abandoned aboveground and (or) underground excavation for the extraction of mineral deposits or dimension stone or an area that was a potential site of mineral deposits, based on preliminary exploration Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. quarry The location of the extraction or previous extraction of building stone or other valuable nonmetallic constituent from a surface mine Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., eds., 2011, Glossary of geology (5th ed., revised): Alexandria, Va., American Geosciences Institute, 783 p. Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. PlotAtScale At what scale (or larger) should this observation or analysis be plotted? At smaller scales, it should not be plotted. Useful to prevent crowding of display at small scales and to display progressively more data at larger and larger scales. Value is scale denominator. GeMS Positive real number. StationsID Foreign key to Stations point feature class. GeMS Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS Dgqs Gray quartzite and metapelite member of the Gile Mountain Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. MDp Muscovite-biotite pegmatite of the New Hampshire Plutonic suite Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A., 2016, Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 945–969. DSwsv Metavolcaniclastic members of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dbg Bethlehem Granodiorite of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS07 | BF24KNHVTDAS08 DSwv Laminated schist and granofels member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Scq Quartzite and metaconglomerate member of the Clough Quartzite Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Op Rusty schist and granofels member of the Partridge Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Dl Littleton Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. DSwa Amphibolite and greenstone member of the Waits River Formation Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Oot Trondhjemite gneiss of the Alstead dome BF24KNHVTDAS03 | BF24KNHVTDAS15 Oaa Amphibolite member of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. LocationSourceID Source of location; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS BF24KNHVTDAS01 Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. Notes in this feature class contain URLs for the MRDS entry of the feature if it's available. BF24KNHVTDAS01 Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. GenericPoints_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. MineLabel Label of the mine as defined on published geologic map. Information most likely from the MRDS (Mineral Resources Data System). BF24KNHVTDAS01 Unrepresentable domain Material Material being mined or quarried; valid entries are abbreviations of minerals or building material common to the mining and (or) construction industries. Users of this database should consult with table 1 on the published geologic map of this product. BF24KNHVTDAS01 Unrepresentable domain GeologicMapAnno ArcGIS annotation feature class. This annotation feature class does not contain labels for folds or faults. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. ESRI OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain FeatureID Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain ZOrder Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain AnnotationClassID Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain Element Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain SymbolID Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain Status Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain TextString Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain FontName Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain FontStyle Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain FontSize Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain Underline Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain VerticalAlignment Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain HorizontalAlignment Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain XOffset Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain YOffset Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain Angle Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain FontLeading Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain WordSpacing Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain CharacterWidth Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain CharacterSpacing Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain FlipAngle Value controls placement or representation of annotation ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Area Internal feature area, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain The geodatabase contains the following elements: non-spatial table Glossary (65 rows); non-spatial table DataSources (21 rows); non-spatial table DescriptionOfMapUnits (63 rows); non-spatial table GeoMaterialDict (101 rows); feature dataset GeologicMap which contains feature class MapUnitPolys (214 features), feature class OverlayPolys (1814 features), feature class ContactsAndFaults (432 features), feature class GeologicLines (32 features), feature class CartographicLines (2 features), feature class GeochronPoints (16 features), feature class GenericPoints (31 features), feature class OrientationPoints (6111 features), feature class Stations (33 features), feature class GeologicMapAnno (3641 features) Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3535 U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing

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Denver CO 80225 US 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P172BBFC None 20250521 U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Ernest A Crider Geologist mailing

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Reston VA 20192 US 703-648-6906 703-648-6953 ecrider@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time