National Minerals Information Center 20240130 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P144BA54 National Minerals Information Center 2024 tabular digital data https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/mineral-commodity-summaries This data release contains the U.S. salient statistics and world production data extracted from the NIOBIUM (COLUMBIUM) data sheet of the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024. Published on an annual basis, the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering nonfuel mineral industry data. Data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for over 90 individual minerals and materials. Where possible, data are those finalized for publication in the 2022 U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook Volume I - Metals and Minerals. For 2023, USGS National Minerals Information Center provided estimates based on available data from USGS surveys of the industry, other industry sources, and mineral commodity specialist research. 2019 2023 ground condition Complete Annually -180.0000 180.0000 90.0000 -90.0000 USGS Thesaurus metallic mineral resources niobium None Ferroniobium USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:65b7d82bd34e36a39045b4f8 Common geographic areas United States None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Chad A. Friedline U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION Mineral Commodity Specialist mailing address

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

Reston VA 20192 US 703-648-7713 cfriedline@usgs.gov National Minerals Information Center 2024 application/service Provides information and links to all available USGS National Minerals Information Center publications about NIOBIUM (COLUMBIUM) by publication type and year. https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/niobium-columbium-and-tantalum-statistics-and-information Where possible, data for all years except 2023 have been finalized for publication in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook Volume I - Metals and Minerals; otherwise the data are noted as estimated. Data were checked to ensure that they match those published in the Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024. Data were peer reviewed by Mineral Commodity Specialists and approved by supervisors in compliance with USGS fundamental science practices. This data release contains tabular data found in the associated publication Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024 (MCS 2024); additional detailed information is available in the full text version of MCS 2024. National Minerals Information Center 2023 2022 publication https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/minerals-yearbook-metals-and-minerals Digital and/or Hardcopy 2019 2022 ground condition MYB Vol I Source of salient statistics for 2019 through 2022 and basis for estimates for 2023. The data in the Minerals Yearbook are based on USGS surveys sent to companies involved in the industry for each mineral commodity. U.S. Census Bureau 2023 tabular digital data https://usatrade.census.gov/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2019 2023 ground truth Census trade statistics for 2019 through 2022 and basis of trade statistics estimates for 2023 Salient statistics for each mineral commodity were compiled from published 2022 U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook Volume I - Metals and Minerals chapters or from finalized tables of those to be published. Data for 2023 were estimated based on available 2023 data and industry trends. Estimates for world production were made for 2023 in collaboration with USGS National Minerals Information Center Global Minerals Analysis specialists using best available data. MYB Vol I Census 2023 mcs2024-niobi_salient.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined DataSource Publication containing the data. Producer Defined MCS2024 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024 Producer defined Commodity Mineral commodity for which the data were compiled. Producer Defined Niobium (Columbium) Data are in metric tons of contained niobium unless otherwise noted Producer defined Year Year for which the data were compiled. Producer Defined 2019 2023 USprod_Mine_t U.S. production: Mine. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Imports_t Imports for consumption. Imports and exports include the estimated niobium content of ferroniobium, niobium and tantalum ores and concentrates, niobium oxide, and niobium powders and unwrought metal. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Exports_t Exports. Imports and exports include the estimated niobium content of ferroniobium, niobium and tantalum ores and concentrates, niobium oxide, and niobium powders and unwrought metal. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Shipments_Gov_t Shipments from Government stockpile. Defined for 2019–22 as change in total inventory from prior yearend inventory. If negative, increase in inventory. Beginning in 2023, Government stock changes no longer included. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined NA Not available. Producer defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Consump_Apparent_t Consumption: Apparent. Estimated for all years. Defined as imports – exports ± adjustments for Government stock changes. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Consump_Reported_t Consumption: Reported. Estimated for all years. Only includes ferroniobium and nickel niobium. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Price_dkg Price: average unit value, ferroniobium, dollars per kilogram. Unit value is weighted average unit value of gross weight of U.S. ferroniobium trade (imports plus exports.) Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 dollars per kilogram NIR_pct Net import reliance as a percentage of apparent consumption. Defined for 2019–22 as imports - exports ± adjustments for Government and industry stock changes. Beginning in 2023, Government stock changes no longer included. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined E Net exporter Producer defined E 100 percent mcs2024-niobi_world.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Source Publication containing the data. Producer Defined MCS2024 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024 Producer defined Country Country in which the mineral commodity is produced. Producer Defined Common Geographic Names Geopolitical Entities, Names, and Codes (GENC) Standard Type Description of the form of commodity for which the production is measured, usually mine production (content of the mineral commodity in the ore) or refinery production of the mineral commodity. Producer Defined Mine production Mine production of contained niobium Producer defined Prod_t_2022 Production in 2022. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Prod_t_Est_2023 Estimated production in 2023. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Prod_notes Notes about production, if applicable Producer Defined Notes about production, if applicable Reserves_t That part of the reserve base that could be economically extracted or produced at the time of determination. The term “reserves” need not signify that extraction facilities are in place and operative. Reserves include only recoverable materials; thus, terms such as “extractable reserves” and “recoverable reserves” are redundant and are not a part of this classification system. Additional information is available in Appendix C of the Mineral Commodity Summaries, included in this data release, for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. Producer Defined NA Not available Producer defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Reserves_notes Country-specific reserves notes. See Appendix C, included in this data release, for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. Producer Defined Country-specific notes on reserves, if any. Two CSV files were produced from the data published in the Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024. One includes U.S. Salient Statistics for production, consumption, trade, and other data pertinent to NIOBIUM (COLUMBIUM) for the years 2019 to 2023. The other includes world NIOBIUM (COLUMBIUM) production totals for countries that had production in 2022 and (or) 2023 and also includes reserves data if it is available. Companion data for NIOBIUM (COLUMBIUM) data sheet of Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024 GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P144BA54 None 20240130 U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Robert M Callaghan Physical Scientist mailing address

Mail Stop 989, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

Reston VA 20192 US 703-648-7709 703-648-7757 rcallaghan@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998