Jason H. Chase Zachary J. Clifton Leah E. Staub Allen C. Gellis Matthew C. Gyves Christopher Conaway 20240329 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZA2VQX This data release includes one comma delimited table that represents a summary of source and target samples collected for White Clay Creek between 2020 and 2023, in support of sediment fingerprinting modelling. This table contains sediment sample information and results of particle size, elemental composition, and fallout radionuclide analyses. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. First posted - October 18, 2023 (available from author). Revised - March 28, 2024 (version 2.0). This data release has been revised to include data from samples collected in 2023 that were not published in version 1.0. The purpose of this data collection is for use in the determination of the significant sources of fine-grained sediment delivered to select points in the White Clay Creek watershed in southeastern Pennsylvania. 20200804 20230911 ground condition Complete As needed -80.5200 -74.6900 42.2600 39.7100 ISO 19115 Topic Category environment USGS Thesaurus geomorphology hydrology geochemistry water quality USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6509cf0cd34eb6693be8f46d Common geographic areas Pennsylvania United States Piedmont None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Allen C Gellis U.S. Geological Survey, WATER Hydrologist-RGEG mailing address

Mail Stop 966, 5522 Research Park Drive

Catonsville MD 21228 US 443-498-5581 443-498-5510 agellis@usgs.gov This study was funded by the USGS Water Resources Mission Area's Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS). Accuracy of all analytical measurements was conducted according to USGS Menlo Park program and USGS Denver Mineral Resources program published guidelines. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted for sediment sampling. All values fall within expected ranges. All data listed represent sediment conditions for the sampling periods documented within the White Clay Creek watershed. Data representing other time periods and/or other watersheds are not listed. Sediment Sampling Field Methods, by sample type: Bank: Please refer to the journal article "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." for details of streambank sediment sampling methods. Cropland: Please refer to the journal article "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." for details of cropland sediment sampling methods. Forest: Please refer to the journal article "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." for details of forest sediment sampling methods. Pasture: Please refer to the journal article "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." for details of pasture sediment sampling methods. Bed: Bed sediments were collected from various fine-grained in-channel bed deposits along White Clay Creek using a stainless steel spatula by skimming the topmost (<1cm) sediment layer, then quickly depositing the sediments into a HCl acid-washed 7.57L (2 US gallons) plastic bucket. A 2mm stainless steel screen atop the bucket was utilized to filter out larger particles as necessary. Suspended sediment: Please refer to the journal article "Cashman, M. J., Gellis, A. C., Gorman Sanisaca, L., Noe, G. B., Cogliandro, V., & Baker, A. (2018). Bank-derived material dominates fluvial sediment in a suburban Chesapeake Bay watershed. River Research Applications, 34(8), 1032-1044." for details of suspended sediment sampling methods. Following sampling, all samples were brought back to the MD-DE-DC Water Science Center lab for preparation for further analysis as outlined in the Sediment Lab Processing step below. 20200804 Sediment Lab Processing: Please refer to the journal article "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." for details of sediment processing methods. All samples were processed as outlined by these methods. Sample processing was performed at the MD-DE-DC Water Science Center in Catonsville, MD. Suspended sediment samples required additional pre-processing as follows: 1-L ISCO wedge bottles containing suspended sediment samples were left undisturbed for at least one week prior to wet sieving to allow fine sediment to settle. ISCO wedges were then pumped of excess water using a Geotech Geopump peristaltic sampling pump in a manner that prevented fine sediment from becoming re-suspended and removed. ISCO wedges were then rinsed of any sediment and remaining water and were wet sieved according to methods listed in the journal article: "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." 20200804 Radionuclide Analysis Methods for Sediment Samples: Please refer to the journal article "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." for details of radionuclide analysis methods for sediment samples. All samples were analyzed for radionuclides as outlined by these methods. Radionuclide analysis of samples was performed at the USGS Sediment Radioisotope Laboratory in Menlo Park, CA. 20201014 Elemental Analysis Methods for Sediment Samples: Please refer to the journal article "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." for details of elemental analysis methods for sediment samples. All samples were analyzed for elemental concentrations as outlined by these methods. Elemental analysis of samples was performed at the USGS Analytical Chemistry Laboratory in in Denver, CO. 20210521 Grain Size Analysis for Sediment Samples: Grain size analysis methods used in this study were similar to those used in the journal article "Gellis, A. C., Fuller, C. C., Van Metre, P., Filstrup, C. T., Tomer, M. D., Cole, K. J., & Sabitov, T. Y. (2019). Combining sediment fingerprinting with age-dating sediment using fallout radionuclides for an agricultural stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(9), 3374-3396." Grain size methods differed from those listed in this journal article in the following two ways: Grain size analysis of fine sediment was conducted using a HORIBA Partica LA-960V2 laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. An aliquot (0.0235-0.0265 g) of each sample was transferred into a 20-mL scintillation vial. All samples were analyzed for grain size as outlined by these methods. Grain size analysis of samples was performed at the MD-DE-DC Water Science Center in Catonsville, MD. 20230426 WCC_data_release_version_2.0.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing sediment source and target sample data, including sample information and results of grain size, elemental composition, and fallout radionuclide analyses. U.S. Geological Survey Sample_Name Sample names used in the field and in the sediment laboratory. U.S. Geological Survey Unique name for each sample. Field_No Sample identification strings used in the sediment and metals laboratories. U.S. Geological Survey Unique string with sample name, sample type, and date included. Sample_Type Types of sediment samples collected. U.S. Geological Survey Cropland Cropland sediment. U.S. Geological Survey Pasture Pasture sediment. U.S. Geological Survey Bed Streambed sediment. U.S. Geological Survey Bank Streambank sediment. U.S. Geological Survey Forest Forest sediment. U.S. Geological Survey Suspended Sediment Suspended sediment collected using an ISCO sampler. U.S. Geological Survey Site_Name Site identification information describing locations where samples were collected. U.S. Geological Survey Description of location where sample was collected. Latitude GPS latitude coordinates of sample locations. U.S. Geological Survey 39.7475 39.9026985 Longitude GPS longitude coordinates of sample locations. U.S. Geological Survey -75.8814011 -75.7317734 USGS_STAID USGS stream gaging station IDs where samples were collected. U.S. Geological Survey NA Sediment sample was not collected at a USGS stream gaging station. U.S. Geological Survey s_01478245 Sample was collected at USGS stream gage 01478245, White Clay Creek Near Strickersville, PA. U.S. Geological Survey s_01478100 Sample was collected at USGS stream gage 01478100, East Branch White Clay Creek Trib Near London Grove, PA. U.S. Geological Survey s_01478185 Sample was collected at USGS stream gage 01478185, Middle Branch White Clay Creek Near West Grove, PA. U.S. Geological Survey Date_Sampled Sample collection date, MM/DD/YYYY. U.S. Geological Survey 08/04/2020 09/11/2023 Time_Sampled Sample collection time, HH:MM (EST). U.S. Geological Survey 00:33 23:42 Source_or_Fluvial Identifiers representing sediment samples intended use in sediment fingerprinting modelling. U.S. Geological Survey Source Sediment sample represents a potential sediment source in sediment fingerprinting modelling (includes cropland, pasture, forest, and bank sediment). U.S. Geological Survey Fluvial Sediment sample represents a target sample in sediment fingerprinting modelling (including bed and suspended sediment). U.S. Geological Survey Mass_Fines Masses of fine sediment smaller than 63 micrometers for each sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA Mass of fine sediment could not be calculated for this sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.85 60.21 grams Mass_Sand Masses of sediment larger than 63 micrometers for each sample (sand). U.S. Geological Survey NA Mass of sand could not be calculated for this sample. U.S. Geological Survey -0.87 243.45 grams Calc_Percent_Fines Percentages of fine sediment mass out of total mass for each sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA Percentage of fines sediment could not be calculated for this sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.8 130.3 percent Notes Additional relevant information related to select samples. U.S. Geological Survey NA No additional information needed for this sample. U.S. Geological Survey Description of information deemed relevant during sediment sampling or processing steps. D50 Median diameter of fine sediment in sample. U.S. Geological Survey 6.114 32.171 micrometers Organic_C Organic Carbon component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.09 22.38 percent C Total Carbon component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.1 22.4 percent CO2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA No data, or below lab detection thresholds. U.S. Geological Survey 0.01 5.72 percent CRBNT_C Carbonate component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA No data, or below lab detection thresholds. U.S. Geological Survey 0.01 1.56 percent Al Aluminum component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 4.06 11.8 percent Ca Calcium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.15 6.37 percent Fe Iron component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.22 7.28 percent K Potassium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.03 2.62 percent Mg Magnesium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.2 3.02 percent Na Sodium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.16 1.59 percent S Sulfur component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.01 0.43 percent Ti Titanium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.29 1.01 percent Ag Silver component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA No data, or below lab detection thresholds. U.S. Geological Survey 0.03 1.09 parts per million As Arsenic component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 4.0 15.8 parts per million Ba Barium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 319 976 parts per million Be Beryllium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.22 3.4 parts per million Bi Bismuth component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.14 0.41 parts per million Cd Cadmium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.05 0.88 parts per million Ce Cerium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 59 419 parts per million Co Cobalt component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 4.6 41.2 parts per million Cr Chromium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 47 188 parts per million Cs Cesium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.87 7.73 parts per million Cu Copper component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 11.2 141 parts per million Ga Gallium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 12.5 30.4 parts per million Hf Hafnium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.0 5.0 parts per million In Indium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.045 0.117 parts per million La Lanthanum component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 27 196 parts per million Li Lithium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 18.8 70.4 parts per million Lu Lutetium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.2 1.49 parts per million Mn Manganese component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 210 4890 parts per million Mo Molybdenum component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.87 4.45 parts per million Nb Niobium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 10.6 26.2 parts per million Ni Nickel component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 18.5 91.2 parts per million P Phosphorus component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 362 2990 parts per million Pb Lead component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 20.4 74.1 parts per million Rb Rubidium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 62 173 parts per million Sb Antimony component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.32 2.26 parts per million Sc Scandium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 7.0 24.8 parts per million Se Selenium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA No data, or below lab detection thresholds. U.S. Geological Survey 0.5 3.4 parts per million Sn Tin component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.9 7.1 parts per million Sr Strontium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 44 182 parts per million Ta Tantalum component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.5 1.9 parts per million Tb Terbium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.72 4.05 parts per million Te Tellurium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA No data, or below lab detection thresholds. U.S. Geological Survey 0.03 0.1 parts per million Th Thorium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 6.9 49.1 parts per million Tl Thallium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.43 17.4 parts per million U Uranium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.46 16.6 parts per million V Vanadium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 58 196 parts per million W Tungsten component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 0.5 18.4 parts per million Y Yttrium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 14.9 119 parts per million Yb Ytterbium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 1.4 10.5 parts per million Zn Zinc component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 39.1 252 parts per million Zr Zirconium component for a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey 47 239 parts per million Be_7 Beryllium-7 reported activity in a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA No data, or below lab detection thresholds. U.S. Geological Survey 0.019 0.36 becquerels per gram Cs_137 Cesium-137 reported activity in a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA No data, or below lab detection thresholds. U.S. Geological Survey 0.0013 0.037 becquerels per gram XS_Pb_210 Excess Lead-210 reported activity in a single sediment sample. U.S. Geological Survey NA No data, or below lab detection thresholds. U.S. Geological Survey 0.0 0.43 becquerels per gram U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZA2VQX None 20240328 Allen C Gellis U.S. Geological Survey, WATER Hydrologist-RGEG mailing address

Mail Stop 966, 5522 Research Park Drive

Catonsville MD 21228 US 443-498-5581 443-498-5510 agellis@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998