Jaime A. Collazo 20230912 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P940RY1P Jaime A. Collazo 2019 Project https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5d4b00e2e4b01d82ce8df21c Amphibians are vulnerable to extinction owing, partly, to altered physiological processes induced by projected global warming and drying. Understanding the mechanisms behind their responses is essential to formulate adaptation strategies for their conservation. Puerto Rico harbors 15 endemic Eleutherodactylus frogs considered vulnerable to extinction due to poor vagility and sensitivity to environmental variability. Herein are reported the effects of four temperature treatments (15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees Centigrade) on metabolic rates associated with specific dynamic action (SDA) and standard metabolic rates (SMR) of four representative species of Eleutherodactylus employing a respirometer. All species in either experiment increased their excretion of CO2 with increasing temperature. CO2 excretion rates were higher immediately post-ingestion, subsiding to low levels by the third day (72 hours). SMR excretion rates of E. juanariveroi and E. antillensis increased up to 20 degrees Centigrade and then curbed. Rates of E. coqui increased linearly, whereas rates of E. wightmanae increased markedly from 20 to 25 degrees Centigrade, perishing at 30 degrees Centigrade. E. antillensis, E. wightmanae and E. juanariveroi exhibited a change in metabolic rates between 20 degrees Centigrade and 25 degrees Centigrade, the same range where occupancy shifts from lower to higher probability for all species. Climate projections suggest that species will be exposed to 2-3 additional hours during evenings at ≥25 degrees Centigrade below 300 m, and about 1 hour at 400-500 m. Species occurring in low elevations (≤400 m) may have to compensate for the additional energy expenditure induced by increased exposure and adjust their evening time budget. A continuing warming trend could begin to infringe on habitats of high elevation specialists like E. wightmanae. To broaden the understanding of how Eleutherodactylus frogs perform physiologically at sub-lethal temperatures in Puerto Rico. The work was aimed at characterizing the effects of temperature on the metabolic rate associated with the specific dynamic action (SDA) for E. coqui and E. antillensis, and to characterize the thermal performance curve (TPC) of standard metabolic rates (SMR) for E. coqui, E. antillensis, E. wightmanae, and E. juanariveroi. 20211106 20221115 observed Complete None planned Puerto Rico -67.00094 -66.97879 18.21016 18.14352 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota USGS Climate Change None Adaptation Strategy Eleutherodactylus Physiology Specific Dynamic Action Standard Metabolic Rate Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus coqui Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi Eleutherodactylus wightmanae Coquí Coquí llanero Coquí churí Coquí melodioso USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:65009778d34ed30c2057f6e5 Common geographic areas Puerto Rico None West-Central Puerto Rico None Eleutherodactylus coqui Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus wightmanae Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi Kingdom Animalia animals Subkingdom Bilateria triploblasts Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata chordates Subphylum Vertebrata vertebrates Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Amphibia Amphibians Order Anura Frogs Toads Superfamily Brachycephaloidea Family Eleutherodactylidae Subfamily Eleutherodactylinae Genus Eleutherodactylus Coquis Eleuths Rainfrogs Chirping Frogs Robber Frogs Rain Frogs Species Eleutherodactylus coqui Coqui Common Coqui Coquí TSN: 173559 Species Eleutherodactylus antillensis Antillean Frog Antillean Coqui TSN: 173555 Species Eleutherodactylus wightmanae Wrinkled Coqui TSN: 173573 Species Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi TSN: 774192 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Jaime A Collazo U.S. Geological Survey, ECOSYSTEMS Assistant Unit Leader Research Wildlife Biologist mailing address

225 David Clark Labs, NC State University

Raleigh NC 27695-7617 US 919-515-8837 919-515-4454 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov This work was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center (SE CASC). In situ temperatures were recorded with use of a Fluke 62 Max Infrared Thermometer, -30-500; ±1.5C). Ambient temperature and relative humidity of site of capture were recorded with a Kestrel. 3500 Pocket Weather Meter (uncertainty of ± 0.04C, uncertainty of ±1.0%RH). Specimens were weighed using a calibrated portable top loading scale VWR Model 123P (accuracy not reported). Carbon dioxide excretions were measured with Sable Systems Field Metabolic System infrared gas analyzer by Sable Systems (range (CO2) 0-5%; Accuracy; CO2 1% of reading typical over range of 0-5%). Latitude, longitude, and elevation were recorded using the Gaia GPS Android application. Data were checked for duplication, omission, and logical consistency (all values fall within expected ranges). Data represent occurrences within an area of West-central Puerto Rico. Locations of E. juanariveroi were not reported to protect their anonymity as an endangered species. This data set is considered complete. Users are advised to read carefully the metadata record for additional details. No positional accuracy assessment was performed. No positional accuracy assessment was performed. Frogs were located, hand-captured and placed in 16oz polypropylene food-grade cups with sterile napkins and dechlorinated water. 20221227 For each specimen captured, species was determined and date and environmental conditions were recorded, including latitude, longitude, elevation, ambient temperature, relative humidity, in-situ temperature (at location of the specimen) 20221227 Specimens were then transported to the North Carolina State University Field lab in Las Marias, PR. 20221227 Upon arrival at the field lab, the specimens were placed in 15L containers held at ambient temperature for 2 days. During this period the specimens were not fed, but were provided water. 20221227 For collection of standard metabolic rates (SMR) data, specimens were transferred to individual 30mL Temperature Controlled Chambers (TCC), connected to a Sable Systems RM-8 Respirometry flow multiplexer. 1 hour was allowed for acclimation prior to beginning metabolic data collection. Carbon Dioxide excretion was measured for 24 hours. Excretion values were determined at time points along the continuous data which provided for the best series of clear, interpretable data. Mass Specific VCO2 was calculated from carbon dioxide secretions using Sable Systems Expedata application. 20221227 For collection of specific dynamic action (SDA) data, specimens were put through a 2 day fast. After fasting, the specimens were allowed unrestricted eating for 1 hour. After an hour of unrestricted feeding, specimens were again weighed, using a top loading scale (VWR-123P). Specimens were then transferred to an individual 30mL Temperature Controlled Chamber (TCC), connected to a Sable Systems RM-8 Respirometry flow multiplexer. 1 hour was allowed for acclimation prior to beginning metabolic data collection. Carbon Dioxide excretion was measured for 66 hours, at 3 hour intervals starting at 0 hours using the Sable Systems Field Metabolic System infrared gas analyzer. Mass Specific VCO2 was calculated from carbon dioxide secretions using Sable Systems Expedata application. 20221227 Eleutherodactylus Physiology Capture Data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Treatment The treatment regime the individual specimen was subjected to. Producer Defined SDA Specific Dynamic Action: increased metabolic expenditure that occurs in postprandial animals (following feeding). Producer defined SMR Standard Metabolic Rate: defined as the minimal energy expenditure required for self-maintenance Producer defined Assay Temperature (deg C) Refers to the controlled conditions (different temperature levels: 15, 20, 25, 30 degrees Centigrade) under which the frogs were studied to observe their metabolic responses. Producer Defined 15 Specimens were observed at 15 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 20 Specimens were observed at 20 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 25 Specimens were observed at 30 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 30 Specimens were observed at 30 degrees centigrade. Producer defined Species The genus and species of the individual specimens. Producer Defined E. coqui Eleutherodactylus coqui Producer defined E. antillensis Eleutherodactylus antillensis Producer defined E. wightmanae Eleutherodactylus wightmanae Producer defined E. juanariveroi Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi Producer defined Latitude The latitude recorded at the location of collection of the specimen. Producer Defined NoData Latitude values not to be published to maintain anonymity for endangered species. Producer defined 18.14351899 18.210161 Decimal degrees Longitude The longitude recorded at the location of collection of the specimen. Producer Defined NoData Longitude values not to be published to maintain anonymity for endangered species. Producer defined -67.000939 -66.97878904 Decimal degrees Elevation (m) The elevation in meters recorded at the location of collection of the specimen. Producer Defined NoData Elevation values not to be published to maintain anonymity for endangered species. Producer defined 526 853 meters Date Captured Date of capture of the specimen reported in YYYYMMDD format. Producer Defined 20211106 20221110 Ambient Temperature (deg C) Ambient temperature in celsius of site location where frogs where captured. Producer Defined NoData Ambient temperature was not recorded for some Eleutherodactylus coqui and Eleutherodactylus antillensis specimens because capture occurred before sampling protocols were finalized. Producer defined 20.5 27.0 Degrees centrigrade Relative Humidity (percent) The amount of moisture present in the air compared to the maximum amount it can hold at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage for the site locations where frogs where monitored. Producer Defined NoData Ambient relative humidity was not recorded for some Eleutherodactylus coqui and Eleutherodactylus antillensis specimens because capture occurred before sampling protocols were finalized. Producer defined 78.2 100.0 Percent In situ Temperature (deg C) Temperature in celsius of exact location where individual was located (i.e. perched) when captured. Producer Defined NoData No data collected. Producer defined 17.5 25.8 Degrees centrigrade Fasted Body Weight (g) The weight of the specimen in grams after a 2-day period of fasting was measured. During this time, no food was given, but water was available within their terrariums. Producer Defined 0.219 5.192 grams Specific Dynamic Action Physiology in Eleutherodactylus.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Species The genus and species of the individual specimens. Producer Defined E. antillensis Eleutherodactylus antillensis Producer defined E. coqui Eleutherodactylus coqui Producer defined Time Code (hours) Interval (in hours) at which the excretion of CO2 was measured. Producer Defined 0 66 hours Body mass after feeding (g) Weight of specimens following an hour of unrestricted feeding. Producer Defined 0.316 5.89 grams Assay Temperature (deg C) Refers to the controlled conditions (different temperature levels: 15, 20, 25, 30 degrees Centigrade) under which the frogs were studied to observe their metabolic responses. Producer Defined 15 Specimens were observed at 15 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 20 Specimens were observed at 20 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 25 Specimens were observed at 25 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 30 Specimens were observed at 30 degrees centigrade. Producer defined Chamber Specific chamber in the multiplexer the specimens were held in during experiments. Producer Defined a chamber a Producer defined b chamber b Producer defined c chamber c Producer defined e chamber e Producer defined f chamber f Producer defined g chamber g Producer defined d chamber d Producer defined Mass Specific VCO2 (uL/g/min) The volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2) produced by an organism's metabolic activity per unit of its body mass. Producer Defined -0.042082013 16.16103989 (uL/g/min) Standard Metabolic Rate Physiology in Eleutherodactylus.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Species The genus and species of the individual specimens. Producer Defined E.wightmanae Eleutherodactylus wightmanae Producer defined E. juanariveroi Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi Producer defined E. coqui Eleutherodactylus coqui Producer defined E. antillensis Eleutherodactylus antillensis Producer defined Time after fasting (hours) Time in hours following the one hour acclimation period at which carbon dioxide is measured. Producer Defined 2 23 hours Fasted Body Weight (g) Weight of specimen at designated time interval following fasting and acclimation. Producer Defined 0.209 4.885 grams Assay Temperature (deg C) Refers to the controlled conditions (different temperature levels: 15, 20, 25, 30 degrees Centigrade) under which the frogs were studied to observe their metabolic responses. Producer Defined 15 Specimens were observed at 15 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 20 Specimens were observed at 20 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 25 Specimens were observed at 25 degrees centigrade. Producer defined 30 Specimens were observed at 30 degrees centigrade. Producer defined Chamber Specific chamber in the multiplexer the specimens were held in during experiments. Producer Defined a chamber a Producer defined b chamber b Producer defined c chamber c Producer defined d chamber d Producer defined e chamber e Producer defined f chamber f Producer defined g chamber g Producer defined Mass Specific VCO2 (uL/g/min) The volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2) produced by an organism's metabolic activity per unit of its body mass. Producer Defined 0.024364612 50.15710046 (uL/g/min) U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase ScienceBase Data Release Team mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P940RY1P None 20230912 Curtis Belyea Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, Department of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State University Biologist / GIS Analyst mailing

127 David Clark Labs; Department of Applied Ecology, NCSU; Campus Box 7617

Raleigh NC 27695-7617 USA 919 513 7337 cbelyea@ncsu.edu FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999