Madeleine J. Holland Janet R. Barclay 20260217 raster digital data ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P90QS3H2 John R. Mullaney Janet R. Barclay Jennifer S. Stanton Carl S. Carlson Madeleine J. Holland 2026 Publication (pre-print) CA, USA Earth ArXiv https://doi.org/10.31223/X5KN1M This model archive makes available the Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model used to simulate potential recharge for the Saco Headwaters Watershed. This model was used to simulate potential recharge (net infiltration) for use in a groundwater model in the same region to understand the effects of water bottling. The model was used to produce a historical simulation (2000 -2021) and a series of future simulations that were used to calculate future projected potential recharge based on hypothetical climate conditions for 2016 – 2099. The model archive includes all the files used in the historical and future model simulations, which are described in the linked report. The directory structure of the model archive contains all the files needed to document and run the model. The directories in the archive are presented each as a separate .zip file and include an "ancillary" directory, a "bin" directory, a "georef" directory, a "model" directory, an "output" directory, and a "source" directory. A README file includes descriptions of the files and information on how to run the model. This ScienceBase entry contains an SWB (version 2.0) model archive and includes all the inputs needed to run the model, the model software, model scenario files, and model outputs. Because the model output files are large, only a subset are included in this model archive. Additional SWB outputs can be generated by running the model. The models will run successfully only if the correct directory structure is correctly configured. The model archive is broken into several pieces to reduce the likelihood of download timeouts. Small files (readme.txt and georef.txt) are available as uncompressed files. All other files are zipped at the subdirectory level. For example, the files in the "georef" subdirectory are zipped into a zip file named "georef.zip". All zip files should be unzipped into a directory with the same name as the zip file name without the .zip extension. The files in the ancillary/ directory are not needed to run the model. It include summary figures of model inputs and post-processing scripts used to calculate mean values as presented in the report. 2000 2099 simulation time Complete None planned -71.6213 -70.5450 44.4009 43.5607 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation environment inlandWaters USGS Thesaurus groundwater numerical modeling groundwater recharge None SWB Groundwater water availability Groundwater Recharge Model USGS software Soil-Water-Balance USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:64fb3b74d34ed30c2055b0a3 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Maine USA New Hampshire Saco None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from this data release. These data are marked with a Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) public domain dedication and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Janet R Barclay USGS - Northeast Region Research Hydrologist mailing and physical

New Eng CT Office-Goodwin, New Eng CT Office-Goodwin

East Hartford CT 06118-0000 860-291-6763 jbarclay@usgs.gov This project (https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/withdrawals-bottled-water) was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program, which assists in the determination of water that is available for human and ecological uses, now and in the future. SWB version 2.0 models were run on a laptop running Windows 10 (version 2.2.0, build 0, compiled on Mar 19, 2021) and on the USGS Denali supercomputer running Cray Linux (SWB version 2.3.1, compiled on Aug 15, 2022). The USGS Soil-Water-Balance Model (Westenbroek and others, 2018) code (SWB) was used to develop these potential recharge datasets. Recharge values were compared to (1) recharge simulated with a RORA model, (2) potential recharge simulated in overlapping areas with SWB by Nielsen (2019), and (3) recharge simulated with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (Bjerklie and Sturtevant, 2018) to ensure values are within a realistic range. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. The model archive presents all the inputs needed to run the model, the model software, and a set of output that the user should be able to recreate using the run files in this archive. They are described in the accompanying README file that is within the model archive. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Jon Dewitz 2021 raster digital data https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/p9kzcm54 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2021 publication date NLCD 2019 Source land use data used as input to the SWB model. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture 20160602 raster digital data https://gdg.sc.egov.usda.gov/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2016 publication date gSSURGO Source hydrologic soil group and available water capacity used as input to the SWB model. M.M. Thornton R. Shrestha Y. Wei P.E. Thornton S-C. Kao B.E. Wilson 2022 publication n/a ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center https://doi.org/10.3334/ornldaac/2129 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2022 publication date Daymet Source climate data used as input to the SWB model for historical climate data. Data available in NetCDF format. Daily precipitation totals, along with maximum and minimum temperature were used. Bridget Thrasher 2014 raster digital data https://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections Digital and/or Hardcopy 2014 publication date GCMs Source climate data used as input to the SWB model for future climate projections. Data available in NetCDF format. Daily precipitation totals, along with maximum and minimum temperature were used. C. W. Thornthwaite 194801 publication Geographical Review vol. 38, issue 1 n/a JSTOR ppg. 55 https://doi.org/10.2307/210739 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1945 publication date Thornthwaite model theory reference C.W. Thornthwaite J.R. Mather 1957 publication Centerton, NJ Publications in Climatology, Drexel Institute of Technology Digital and/or Hardcopy 1957 publication date ThornMather SWB theory Stephen M. Westenbroek John A. Engott Victor A. Kelson Randall J. Hunt 2018 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A59 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2018 publication date SWB_Manual SWB manual David M. Bjerklie Luke P. Sturtevant 20180124 publication Scientific Investigations Report vol. 2017-5143 https://pubs.usgs.gov US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175143 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2018 publication date BjerklieSturtevant_2018 guidance on appropriate climate scenarios National Soil Survey Center 2021 application/service https://github.com/USDA-NRCS/Soil-Data-Development-Tools---ArcMap/archive/refs/heads/main.zip Digital and/or Hardcopy 2021 publication date SSURGO_ArcTools Used to process soil data Levi Brekke Bridget L. Thrasher Edwin P. Maurer Tom Pruitt 20130507 publication https://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections/techmemo/downscaled_climate.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy 20130507 publication date CMIP climate scenario reference Natural Resources Conservation Service US Department of Agriculture 198606 publication https://nationalstormwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Urban-Hydrology-for-Small-Watersheds-TR-55.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy 1986 publication date TR-55 reference manual Martha G Nielsen 20191017 Dataset https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/p9grp7dh Digital and/or Hardcopy 2019 publication date ME_SWB reference for values for maximum net infiltration, curve number, root zone depth, and precipitation interception storage Madeleine J. Holland Janet R. Barclay 20240925 Dataset https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P1GUC7FE Digital and/or Hardcopy 2024 publication date CT_SWB reference for values for growing season start and end and precipitation interception Dean B. Gesch Michael J. Oimoen Susan K. Greenlee Charles A. Nelson Michael J. Steuck Dean J. Tyler 2002 Dataset https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70156331 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2002 publication date NED land surface elevations for calculating flow directions Static gridded input datasets are compiled, including land cover, available water capacity, hydrologic soil group and flow direction. A lookup table is created to specify parameter values for maximum net infiltration, curve number, and root zone depth. Parameter values were derived from ME_SWB and CT_SWB. Input datasets: awc.asc This is the available water capacity dataset used by SWB. This dataset was obtained using gSSURGO and SSURGO_ArcTools and has 2631 rows, 2264 columns and a cell size of 30 meters. hsg.asc This is the hydrologic soil group dataset used by SWB. This dataset was obtained using gSSURGO and SSURGO_ArcTools and has 12439 rows, 12418 columns and a cell size of 30 meters. flowdir.asc This is the D8 flow direction dataset used by SWB to enable downhill flow routing. This dataset was derived from the NED and has 3029 rows, 3875 columns and a cell size of 30 meters. nlcd.asc This is the land cover dataset used by SWB and is from NLCD 2019. It has 2770 rows, 2423 columns and a cell size of 30 meters. NLCD 2019 gSSURGO ME_SWB SSURGO_ArcTools 20220817 Input climate datasets for daily precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature are compiled. For historical simulations, Daymet Version 4 data is used from 1999-2021. For future scenario simulations, Bias Corrected Constructed Analogs (BCCA) V2 Daily Climate Projections data is used from 2015-2099. Five GCMs (MPI-ESM-MR, GFDL-ESM2G, CNRM-CM5, MRI-CGCM3, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0) and two RCPs (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) are selected. Selection of models and RCPs is informed by BjerklieSturtevant_2018. GCMs BjerklieSturtevant_2018 Daymet 20230930 Raster Grid Cell 647 557 1 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 row and column 121.91999999999972 121.91999999999986 meters WGS_1984 WGS 84 6378137.0 298.257223563 ancillary.zip This zipfile contains python post-processing scripts and figures summarizing the input data. Producer Defined bin.zip SWB (version 2.0) executables compiled for Windows 10, 64-bit. Producer defined georef.zip This zipped file contains a shapefile of the model domain Producer Defined model.zip Gridded and tabular input data needed to run the SWB model. Producer defined output.zip Selected outputs for the SWB model. Additional outputs can be produced by rerunning the model. Producer defined source.zip This zipfile contains the source code associated with the SWB executable contained in the 'bin.zip' file. Producer defined README.txt This text file contains an overview of the files in this archive and instructions for running the models. Producer Defined georef.txt This text file contains the spatial extent and projection of the model. Producer Defined The files within this archive are described within the 'README.txt' file. Input file descriptions may be found in (Westenbroek and others, 2018). Details about the processing steps used to create the model can be found in Mullaney and others, 2026. *** primary publication citation *** Westenbroek, S.M., Engott, J.A., Kelson, V.A., and Hunt, R.J., 2018, SWB Version 2.0—A soil-water-balance code for estimating net infiltration and other water-budget components: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. A59, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A59 U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P90QS3H2 None 20260217 Janet R Barclay USGS - Northeast Region Research Hydrologist mailing and physical

New Eng CT Office-Goodwin, New Eng CT Office-Goodwin

East Hartford CT 06118-0000 860-291-6763 jbarclay@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998