Charles M. Cannon Russell C. Evarts 20230822 vector digital data Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9312TDT This dataset contains polygons representing deposits of hyaloclastic debris that were generated between about 3.5 and 3.0 million years ago when a series of basaltic lava flows entered the canyon of the ancestral Columbia River. The lava flows were erupted from volcanoes in the area of the Hood River graben of McClaughry and others (2012), generally have low-potassium tholeiitic basalt composition, and were part of a widespread pulse of mafic volcanism in the northern Oregon Cascade Range that occurred between about 4.4 and 2.1 million years ago (Conrey and others, 1996). Lava flows that entered the ancestral Columbia River were rapidly chilled and fragmented during interaction with water (Trimble, 1963, Swanson, 1986; McClaughry and others, 2012). The voluminous hyaloclastic debris was swept downstream and accumulated as thick deposits in the eastern Portland Basin (Swanson, 1986). The canyon that the ancestral Columbia River occupied, known as the Bridal Veil channel (Tolan, 1982; Tolan and Beeson, 1984), was eventually filled by the hyaloclastite and related lava flows and the river was diverted to the north, where it has carved its present canyon. Argon–argon (40Ar/39Ar) age determinations for lava flows interbedded with and overlying the hyaloclastite (McClaughry and others, 2012; Fleck and others, 2014) suggest the hyaloclastite was deposited between about 3.5 and 3.0 million years ago. The hyaloclastic deposits (map unit Ttfh) are equivalent to the Troutdale Formation upper member of Tolan and Beeson (1984) and include the Troutdale Formation hyaloclastic sandstone member of Evarts (2006), Evarts and O'Connor (2008), Evarts, O'Connor, and Tolan (2013), and Wells and others (2020). Although the hyaloclastic deposits are generally sandstones in the western Columbia Gorge and Portland Basin, they contain pillow lavas and basaltic breccia in the area between Hood River, Oregon and Bonneville Dam. Most clasts in the hyaloclastic deposits are olivine-phyric basalt that is rich in basaltic glass (sideromelane) that is commonly altered to yellow-brown colored palagonite. At some localities in the western Columbia Gorge, the hyaloclastic deposits include beds of micaceous quartzose sandstone. This dataset also includes polygons representing the partial extents of lava flows (map unit Tlkt) that are either interbedded with or overlie the hyaloclastic deposits. The lava flows generally have tholeiitic basalt composition with low levels of potassium (less than 0.5 weight percent K2O), commonly contain olivine phenocrysts, and often have a diktytaxitic groundmass texture consisting of numerous small angular voids. The lava flows are equivalent to the late Pliocene lavas of the late High Cascades grouping of McClaughry and others (2012). It should be noted that there are numerous lava flows of similar age and composition in the region but this dataset mostly contains those that can be used to constrain the history of the hyaloclastic deposits in the Bridal Veil channel. This data release is a compilation that includes incomplete geologic mapping and it is anticipated that extents of these deposits will be expanded in future geologic maps. The source maps upon which most of this dataset was derived from were intended for use at 1:24,000 scale. References Cited: Conrey, R.M., Sherrod, D.R., Uto, K., and Uchiumi, S., 1996, Potassium-argon ages from Mount Hood area of Cascade Range, northern Oregon: Isochron/West, no. 63, p. 10-20. Evarts, R.C., 2006, Geologic map of the Lacamas Creek quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2924, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2924. Evarts, R.C., and O'Connor, J.E., 2008, Geologic map of the Camas Quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3017, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3017. Evarts, R.C., O'Connor, J.E., and Tolan, T.L., 2013, Geologic map of the Washougal quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon, U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3257, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3257. Fleck, R.J., Hagstrum, J.T., Calvert, A.T., Evarts, R.C., and Conrey, R.M., 2014, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, paleomagnetism, and evolution of the Boring volcanic field, Oregon and Washington, USA: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1283-1314, https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00985.1. McClaughry, J.D., Wiley, T.J., Conrey, R.M., Jones, C.B., and Lite, K.E., 2012, Digital geologic map of the Hood River Valley, Hood River and Wasco Counties, Oregon: Open-File Report O-12-03, 130 p., https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/ofr/p-O-12-03.htm. Swanson, R.D., 1986, A stratigraphic-geochemical study of the Troutdale Formation and Sandy River Mudstone in the Portland basin and lower Columbia River Gorge, Portland State University, M.S. thesis, 115 p, https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5604. Tolan, T.L., 1982, The stratigraphic relationships of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the lower Columbia River Gorge of Oregon and Washington, Portland State University, M.S. thesis, 169 p, https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.3232. Tolan, T.L., and Beeson, M.H., 1984, Intracanyon flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the lower Columbia River Gorge and their relationship to the Troutdale Formation: GSA Bulletin, v. 95, no. 4, p. 463-477, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95%3C463:IFOTCR%3E2.0.CO;2. Trimble, D.E., 1963, Geology of Portland, Oregon, and adjacent areas: U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1119, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1119. Wells, R.E., Haugerud, R.A., Niem, A.R., Niem, W.A., Ma, L., Evarts, R.C., O'Connor, J.E., Madin, I.P., Sherrod, D.R., Beeson, M.H., Tolan, T.L., Wheeler, K.L., Hanson, W.B., and Sawlan, M.G., 2020, Geologic map of the greater Portland metropolitan area and surrounding region, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3443, scale 1:63,360, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3443. This data release is intended to support analyses of landscape evolution in the area of the Columbia Gorge. 2023 publication date Complete None planned -122.4870 -121.4558 45.7272 45.3811 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation USGS thesaurus geologic maps geology volcanic rocks sedimentary rocks American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology hyaloclastite palagonite paleochannel sideromelane tholeiitic basalt USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:64e3c0fcd34e5f6cd554e8fe Geographic Names Information System Oregon Washington Hood River County Multnomah County Clark County Columbia River Columbia Gorge Common geographic areas Pacific Northwest Oregon Washington Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Hood River Multnomah Geolex Troutdale Formation USGS thesaurus Pliocene None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Charles M. Cannon U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing address

1819 SW 5th Avenue #336

Portland OR 97201 United States NA ccannon@usgs.gov This data release is primarily based on mapping done by Russell C. Evarts, Terry L. Tolan, Richard M. Conrey, Jason D. McClaughry, and Ray Wells. No formal accuracy assessment has been performed. Confidence that a feature is correctly identified is described by the attribute IdentityCo. There are no overlapping polygons. This dataset locally includes incomplete geologic mapping and it is anticipated that extents of these deposits will be expanded in future geologic maps. No formal positional accuracy assessment has been performed. The source maps upon which most of this dataset was derived from were intended for use at 1:24,000 scale. Russell C. Evarts 2006 1.0 map Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey Evarts, R.C., 2006, Geologic map of the Lacamas Creek quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2924, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2924. https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2924 24000 digital 2006 publication date Evarts (2006) source of map unit polygons and description of deposits Russell C. Evarts Jim E. O'Connor 2008 1.0 map Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey Evarts, R.C., and O'Connor, J.E., 2008, Geologic map of the Camas Quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3017, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3017. https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3017 24000 digital 2008 publication date Evarts and O'Connor (2008) source of map unit polygons and description of deposits Russell C. Evarts Jim E. O'Connor Terry L. Tolan 2013 1.0 map Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey Evarts, R.C., O'Connor, J.E., and Tolan, T.L., 2013, Geologic map of the Washougal quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon, U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3257, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3257. https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3257 24000 digital 2013 publication date Evarts, O'Connor, and Tolan (2013) source of map unit polygons and description of deposits Jason D. McClaughry Thomas J. Wiley Richard M. Conrey Cullen B. Jones Kenneth E. Lite, Jr. 2012 1.0 map Portland, Oregon Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Resources McClaughry, J.D., Wiley, T.J., Conrey, R.M., Jones, C.B., and Lite, K.E., 2012, Digital geologic map of the Hood River Valley, Hood River and Wasco Counties, Oregon: Open-File Report O-12-03, 130 p., https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/ofr/p-O-12-03.htm. https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/ofr/p-O-12-03.htm 24000 digital 2012 publication date McClaughry and others (2012) source of map unit polygons and description of deposits Ray E. Wells Ralph A. Haugerud Alan R. Niem Wendy A. Niem Lina Ma Russell C. Evarts Jim E. O'Connor Ian P. Madin David R. Sherrod Marvin H. Beeson Terry L. Tolan Karen L. Wheeler William B. Hanson Michael G. Sawlan 2020 1.0 map Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey Wells, R.E., Haugerud, R.A., Niem, A.R., Niem, W.A., Ma, L., Evarts, R.C., O'Connor, J.E., Madin, I.P., Sherrod, D.R., Beeson, M.H., Tolan, T.L., Wheeler, K.L., Hanson, W.B., and Sawlan, M.G., 2020, Geologic map of the greater Portland metropolitan area and surrounding region, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3443, scale 1:63,360, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3443. https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3017 63360 digital 2020 publication date Wells and others (2020) source of map unit polygons Russell C. Evarts Terry L. Tolan Richard M. Conrey Robert J. Fleck Jonathan T. Hagstrum Jim E. O'Connor 2017 map Unpublished geologic maps of Bridal Veil, Multnomah Falls, and Bonneville Dam 7.5-minute quadrangles 24000 digital 2017 ground condition Evarts and others unpublished data source of map unit polygons and description of deposits Polygons were compiled from previous mapping. The polygons were re-projected to a common spatial reference system. Evarts (2006) Evarts and O'Connor (2008) Evarts, O'Connor, and Tolan (2013) McClaughry and others (2012) Wells and others (2020) Evarts and others unpublished data 2020 For areas not covered by previous mapping, new polygons were generated by outlining areas of hyaloclastic deposits and related lava flows based primarily on topographic interpretation guided by field observations, aerial photographs, geochemical composition (when available), and extents of map units in adjacent areas. Some areas of previous mapping were adjusted to separate hyaloclastic deposits from lava flows and some previous mapping was adjusted based on lidar topography that was unavailable when the original maps were produced. 2023 Vector 1.0E-6 1.0E-6 Decimal degrees North American Datum of 1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 Pliocene_hyaloclastite_and_related_lavas_in_Columbia_Gorge Polygons that record distribution of Pliocene hyaloclastic deposits and related lava flows in the Columbia Gorge. This study FID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. This study Tlkt Low-potassium tholeiite (Pliocene). Lava flows erupted between about 3.5 and 3.0 million years ago from vents near the Hood River Valley. The lava flows generally have tholeiitic basalt composition with low levels of potassium (less than 0.5 weight percent K2O), commonly contain olivine phenocrysts, and often have a diktytaxitic groundmass texture consisting of numerous small angular voids. This study Ttfh Informal Hyaloclastic sandstone member of Troutdale Formation (Pliocene). Mostly consists of sandstones in the western Columbia Gorge and Portland Basin, but mostly basaltic breccia and locally pillow lavas in the area between Hood River, Oregon and Bonneville Dam. Most clasts in the hyaloclastic deposits are olivine-phyric basalt that is rich in basaltic glass (sideromelane) that is commonly altered to yellow-brown colored palagonite. At some localities in the western Columbia Gorge, the hyaloclastic deposits include beds of micaceous quartzose sandstone. This study IdentityCo Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates, https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/geolsymstd.php. questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates, https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/geolsymstd.php. Label Desired annotation for a feature. Consists of map unit code (field MapUnit) and if identity is uncertain, a question mark. This study Free text. GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9312TDT None 20230822 Charles M. Cannon U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing address

1819 SW 5th Avenue #336

Portland OR 97201 United States NA ccannon@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998