Corbin D. Hilling Ryan E. Brown 20230928 spreadsheet Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey [(Corbin D. Hilling)(U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Erie Biological Station)(0000-0003-4040-9516)]; [(Ryan E. Brown)(University of Toledo)] https://doi.org/10.5066/P98F9NSZ The data includes dates, places, and times of sampling events for eggs of invasive Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in tributaries to the Great Lakes in 2021 and 2022. Reference data on locations and dates sampled, gears used, and effort are included. Developmental stages for a subset of undamaged, fertilized eggs are provided. Tables include common fields to allow for integration into a relational database to aid data extraction and associating data among tables. First posted: September 2023 Revised: November 2023 (version 1.1) The data were collected to determine when and where Grass Carp were spawning in Great Lakes tributaries. After reproduction in the Sandusky River was confirmed in 2015, sampling continued to generate data from sampled eggs, which were used in conjunction with hydraulic and fluvial drift models to predict and verify spawning areas. Data can be used to track egg numbers and densities in Great Lakes tributaries in support of population monitoring and management and for locating new spawning areas. Previous versions of the data are available upon request. Please contact the listed Dataset Point of Contact for more information. 20210407 20220831 ground condition Complete As needed Great Lakes Tributaries -86.4095 -81.2517 43.5824 41.2771 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota USGS Thesaurus invasive species fish mathematical modeling streamflow Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard fish spawning and larval aggregation Producer defined Grass Carp Invasive carp USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:64d1bc5ed34ef477cf3c07b4 Common Geographic Names Great Lakes Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Cuyahoga River Grand River (Ohio, USA) Huron River (Ohio, USA) Maumee River Portage River Sandusky River St. Joseph River Tittabawassee River None Ctenopharyngodon idella Kingdom Animalia animals Subkingdom Bilateria triploblasts Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata chordates Subphylum Vertebrata vertebrates Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Actinopterygii ray-finned fishes spiny rayed fishes Class Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes minnows suckers Superfamily Cyprinoidea Family Cyprinidae carps minnows carps and minnows Genus Ctenopharyngodon grass carps Species Ctenopharyngodon idella grass carp silver orfe TSN: 163537 No data access constraints No data use constraints Corbin Hilling U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Fish Biologist mailing address

380 Huron Street

Huron OH 44839 US 419-616-0060 ext. 211 419-616-5219 chilling@usgs.gov Field and laboratory data were generated by University of Toledo Lake Erie Center and U.S. Geological Survey. University of Toledo efforts were funded by the US Geological Survey via a Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit agreement. Data were first entered on paper data sheets then entered into a spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel) or entered into a Survey123 form. Tables were converted to a comma-separated values format (.csv file extension) for the database Nicole King Patrick Kocovsky 2021 dataset https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey King and Kocovsky (2021) represents a pre-cursor to this data release. This data release provides two additional years of data with an expanded geographic scope. This metadata was developed using King and Kocovsky (2021) as a template and revised for accuracy when appropriate. Thus, some text in this metadata record is directly from the King and Kocovsky (2021) data release and was retained intentionally to maximize consistency and inform decisions related to aggregation of data through time. https://doi.org/10.5066/p97o0j0o Corbin D. Hilling Adam J. Landry James J. Roberts Nathan L. Thompson Catherine A. Richter Ryan E. Brown Christine M. Mayer Song S. Qian 202406 publication Journal of Great Lakes Research vol. 50, issue 3 n/a Elsevier BV ppg. 102350 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102350 Justin J. Bopp Travis O. Brenden Matthew D. Faust Christopher S. Vandergoot Richard T. Kraus James J. Roberts Lucas R. Nathan 20230331 publication Biological Invasions vol. 25, issue 8 n/a Springer Science and Business Media LLC ppg. 2439-2459 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03049-9 Data were quality checked for errors. All persons estimating egg stages received training in the use of the key in Source 1. Latitude-longitude coordinates of sampling locations were verified using the Google Earth application. Latitude and longitude values may differ in precision but resolution is at least 0.0001. Numbers of egg stages by Control_ID were compared to total egg collections to identify errors in egg stage/Control_ID combinations. All values for egg stages fall within expected ranges. Data were examined for duplication and omission. Numbers of eggs collected and numbers of staged eggs for each Control ID were compared to assess consistency. Data are included for all dates sampled even if no Grass Carp eggs were collected (i.e., true zero values are included). Egg stage data are complete in the sense that stage is reported for all eggs for which a stage was determinable. Many fertilized eggs were too damaged to estimate stage, hence numbers of eggs collected and number of eggs for which stages are provided might not match. Geospatial data were verified for accuracy using the Google Earth application. Latitude-longitude data are accurate to within approximately 5 meters NA Duane C. Chapman 2006 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ds239 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2006 publication date Source 1 key used for estimating developmental stages of eggs Amy E. George Duane C. Chapman 20150330 publication PLOS ONE vol. 10, issue 3 n/a Public Library of Science (PLoS) ppg. e0119023 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119023 Digital and/or Hardcopy 20150330 publication date Source 2 This reference provides verbal descriptions embryological stages corresponding to numerical stages presented here. Egg collection: Data were collected using paired ichthyoplankton nets. The ichthyoplankton nets were 500-micron mesh, 0.5-meter-diameter, 2-m long nets secured side-by-side to a stainless steel frame. Two nets were fished simultaneously with one deployed at the surface (centered 0.25 m below the surface, abbreviated S) and one centered 1.6 m below the surface (D). Nets were deployed at two locations at each site, one each several meters to the left and right of the middle of the channel. Nets were deployed from the bow of the research vessel, which was held at a fixed position allowing water to flow through the nets or moved slowly upstream during low flow conditions. Prescribed sampling time was 5 minutes. Sample times were occasionally longer (up to 10 minutes) if flows were low, river channels were narrow, or obstructions made sampling both sides of the river challenging. Shorter tows (as low as 2 minutes) were completed if nets and sample collectors were clogged with excess debris. Samples were preserved in 95% ethanol. It was common to observe eggs in samples in the field; when eggs were present they were noted on the data sheet and this is captured in the Eggs_Present field in the Collection data table. 20210407 Corbin Hilling U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Research Fish Biologist mailing address

380 Huron Street

Huron OH 44839 US 419-616-0060 419-616-5219 chilling@usgs.gov Lab processing: In the lab, samples were decanted into a rectangular glass pan to determine if eggs were present (it was common to observe eggs in samples in the field; this is captured in the Eggs_Present field in the Collection data table). All eggs were removed and placed into a vial with fresh 95% ethanol. After the first technician completed scanning and removing eggs, a second person scanned the sample for remaining eggs for a subset of samples and during training periods. Remaining detrital material was decanted. 20210407 Corbin Hilling U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Research Fish Biologist mailing address

380 Huron Street

Huron OH 44839 US 419-616-0060 419-616-5219 chilling@usgs.gov Egg stage determination: Eggs were viewed under a dissecting microscope to estimate developmental stage. Eggs were compared visually to the key in Chapman 2006 (Source 1) and assigned the numerical stage corresponding to the depicted developmental stage. Embryological stage (e.g., blastula, gastrula, etc.) and descriptions corresponding to numerical stages are in George and Chapman 2015 (Source 2). Egg stages were verified by a second technicians as a quality assurance practice. Source 1 Source 2 20210407 Corbin Hilling U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION Research Fish Biologist mailing address

380 Huron Street

Huron OH 44839 US 419-616-0060 419-616-5219 chilling@usgs.gov Revision History for Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) egg capture data from Great Lakes tributaries, 2021-2022 Version 1.0 Data release on Grass Carp egg captures in Great Lakes Tributaries from 2021 and 2022 Version 1.1 Second release to improve data format and correct errors noted below: -File Egg_Stages.csv - Egg stages associated with Control_ID 3551 were an erroneous duplication of stages from Control_ID 3540. No Grass Carp eggs were collected in the sample from Control_ID 3551. Stages from Control_ID 3551 were deleted. -File Egg_Stages.csv - Egg stages for Control_IDs 3296 and 3295 were assigned to the wrong Control_IDs. Eggs from Control_ID 3295 and 3296 were collected during the same bongo net tow but the specific bongo net was misspecified. The Control_IDs were corrected for these egg stages in the Egg_Stages.csv file. -File Sites.csv - Site CUY_DSBridge - The site code had an unnecessary space (i.e., CUY_ DSBridge). The space was removed. -File Sites.csv - Site CUY_W3rd - The site code had an unnecessary space (i.e., CUY_ W3rd). The space was removed. -File Collections.csv - Site CUY_Mouth - The site code in the Collections.csv file was presented with all alphabetical characters capitalized (i.e., CUY_MOUTH) in three cases. The unnecessary capitalization was removed for consistency with the Sites.csv file. -File Collections.csv - Site GROH_Ram - The site code in the Collections.csv file was presented with all alphabetical characters capitalized (i.e., GROH_RAM) in 21 cases. The unnecessary capitalization was removed for consistency with the Sites.csv file. -File Collections.csv - Site MAU_Rt2 - The site code in the Collections.csv file was presented with all alphabetical characters capitalized (i.e., MAU_RT2) in 20 cases. The unnecessary capitalization was removed for consistency with the Sites.csv file. -File Sites.csv - Site MAU_Vanramp - The site code in the Collections.csv file was presented without a space between "Van" and "ramp" (i.e., MAU_Vanramp), but the same name had a space in the Sites.csv file (MAU_Van ramp). The site name in the Sites.csv file was replaced to MAU_Vanramp to improve machine readability. -File Sites.csv - MAU_Cherry and MAU_Clayton had bongo net tows listed in the Collections.csv file but were not included in the Sites.csv file. These sites are typically used for training exercises. The site information was added to the Sites.csv file. -File Sites.csv - MAU_PSA 2 was duplicated. One instance of MAU_PSA 2 was removed in the Sites.csv file. 20231107 Corbin D Hilling U.S. Geological Survey, MIDCONTINENT REGION mailing address

380 Huron St

Huron OH 44839 US 419-625-1976 chilling@usgs.gov 0.0001 0.0001 Decimal degrees World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) WGS 84 6378137.0 298.257223563 Vessel_Ops.csv Operational data for sampling. Ops_Serial, Ops_Date, and River_ID link to other tables. Producer Defined Ops_Serial Serial number assigned to each date on which sampling was conducted. This is a primary key for linking to the Collections table. Producer Defined Numeric value, up to three digits, unique value.1 was the first date sampled, 2 the second date sampled, etc. Some cases exist in which multiple crews sampled the same river simultaneously and a serial number is provided for each sampling crew. Sampling on multiple rivers in a single day by the same crew was also given a unique serial number. Ops_Date Date when sampling was conducted. This is a key for linking to the Collections table. Producer Defined Date represented as YYYYMMDD. For example, 20150616 represents 16 June 2015. All dates and times are provided in local daylight time (Eastern Daylight Time). River_ID Number assigned to a river. This is a key for linking to the Sites table. The link to the Sites table does not associate back to a single location but instead to a range of possible Latitude and Longitude for the river indicated. Producer Defined 1 Sandusky River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 2 Maumee River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 4 Huron River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 5 Cuyahoga River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 6 Grand River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 7 Tittabawassee River, Michigan, USA Producer defined 8 St. Joseph River, Michigan, USA Producer defined Vessel Name of the research vessel used during sampling Producer Defined Text field of the name of the research vessel used for collecting data. Gear Type of net used to sample for eggs Producer Defined PI Paired 0.5-meter-diameter, circular ichthyoplankton nets with 500-micron mesh Producer defined Sites.csv Data on locations of sampling sites. River_ID links to other tables. Producer Defined River_ID Number assigned to a river. This is a primary key linking to the Vessel_Ops table. Producer Defined 1 Sandusky River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 2 Maumee River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 4 Huron River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 5 Cuyahoga River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 6 Grand River, Ohio, USA Producer defined 7 Tittabawassee River, Michigan, USA Producer defined 8 St. Joseph River, Michigan, USA Producer defined River Name of the river Producer Defined Name of the river where sampling was conducted. Huron (OH) refers to the Huron River in Ohio to distinguish it from the Huron River in Michigan, which was not samples as part of this effort. Grand River is the Grand River in Ohio, not the Lake Erie tributary in Ontario, Canada. Site_Code Abbreviation for the sampling site Producer Defined Identifier that begins with the first three or four letters of the name of the river followed by a descriptor of geographic location. These are used to coarsely identify sampling locations. Site_Name Expanded description of the location of the sampling site Producer Defined text field. Lat Latitude in decimal degrees Producer Defined 41.277131 43.5824395 degrees latitude Long Longitude in decimal degrees Producer Defined -86.4094783 -81.251684 degrees latitude Egg_Stages.csv Table of embryological stage of Grass Carp eggs. This is a subset of all eggs collected because some eggs were too damaged to estimate developmental stage. Control_ID links to other tables. Producer Defined Control_ID Unique identifier assigned to each sample. This is a foreign key for linking to the Collections table. This identifier is not unique (i.e., the same identified is potentially repeated if there was more than one stageable egg in the sample). Producer Defined 2358 is the 2358th sample collected since data collections presented by King and Kocovsky (2021) began, 2359 is the 2,359th sample collected, etc. Stage Numerical stage of the egg Producer Defined 1 16 Collections.csv Data table of details of when and where a sample was collected. Ops_Date, Ops_Serial, and Control_ID link to other tables. Producer Defined Ops_Date Date when sampling was conducted. This is a key for linking to the Vessel_Ops table. Producer Defined Date represented as YYYYMMDD. For example, 20150616 represents 16 June 2015. Ops_Serial Serial number assigned to each date on which sampling was conducted. This is a key for linking to the Vessel_Ops table. Producer Defined Numeric value, unique value. 94 is the 94th date sampled since data collections presented by King and Kocovsky (2021) began, 95 is the 95th date sampled, etc. Some cases exist in which multiple crews sampled the same river simultaneously and a serial number is provided for each sampling crew. Sampling on multiple rivers in a single day by the same crew was also given a unique serial number. Control_ID Unique identifier assigned to each sample. This is a primary key for linking to the Egg_Stages table. Producer Defined 2358 is the 2358th sample collected since data collections presented by King and Kocovsky (2021) began, 2359 is the 2,359th sample collected, etc. Site_Code Abbreviation for the sampling site Producer Defined Alphanumeric code. Identifier that begins with the first three or four letters of the name of the river followed by a descriptor of geographic location. These are used to coarsely identify sampling locations. Side Side of the river, facing upstream, where sampling was conducted Producer Defined M Sampling was done mid-channel Producer defined L Sampling was done to the left of center of the river channel when facing upstream Producer defined R Sampling was done to the right of center of the river channel when facing upstream Producer defined Net_Depth Depth at which a net was deployed Producer Defined S The net was centered approximately 0.25 m below the surface Producer defined D The net was centered approximately 1.6 m below the surface Producer defined Net Code indicating net position among the pair of ichthyoplankton nets Producer Defined 1 Sample from the net on the left side of the pair of ichthyoplankton nets Producer defined 2 Sample from the net on the right side of the pair of ichthyoplankton nets Producer defined 3 Samples from both nets were combined Producer defined Air_Temp Temperature of the air when sampling was conducted Producer Defined NR Not recorded Producer defined 10.6 30.6 Degrees Celsius Water_Temp Temperature of the water just below the surface when sampling was conducted Producer Defined NR Not recorded Producer defined 9.0 29.2 Degrees Celsius Water_Depth Depth of the water measured by boat-mounted sonar unit where sampling was conducted Producer Defined NR Not recorded Producer defined 0.9 11.0 meters Tow_Start_Time Time of day (Eastern Daylight Savings Time) in 24-hour time when sampling was conducted Producer Defined NR Not recorded Producer defined For example, 800 = 8 AM 1300 = 1 PM. Times are provided in local daylight time (Eastern Daylight Time). Tow_Time Duration of a sample Producer Defined 2.0 10.0 minutes Eggs_Present_Field Code indicating whether Grass Carp eggs were visually identified in the sample in the field Producer Defined 0 Eggs were not identified in the field Producer defined 1 Eggs were identified in the field Producer defined N_Eggs Number of eggs in the sample following examination in the lab. This number will be higher than the sum of the number of eggs for the Control_ID number because some eggs were too damaged to estimate their stage. Producer Defined 0 148 U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P98F9NSZ None 20250307 Great Lakes Science Center mailing and physical

1451 Green Road

Ann Arbor MI 48105 US 734-994-3331 GS_ASK_GLSC@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999