Andrew P. Teeple 20250626 raster digital data Denver, Colorado U.S. Geological Survey This dataset is a subset of Teeple, A.P., Lucena, Z., Payne, J.D., Fetkovich, E.J., Mashburn, S.L., and Dale, I.A., 2025, Data used for the characterization of the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site near Bristow, Oklahoma, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6 Andrew P. Teeple Zulimar Lucena Christopher L. Braun Evin J. Fetkovich Isaac A. Dale Shana L. Mashburn 2025 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255042 The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. New groundwater monitoring wells were installed in 2022 and screened in the alluvial aquifer. A total of 20 new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the site to collect data used to supplement groundwater-level altitude and groundwater-quality data collected from older, existing groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers as part of study to assess the migration potential of contaminants at the site. Groundwater-level altitude measurements were collected to develop potentiometric-surface maps of the site and to identify potential groundwater-flow direction. Gaining a better understanding of groundwater-flow direction provides insights into the migration potential of contaminants. 20220131 20221208 ground condition Complete None planned -96.388300 -96.380000 35.845200 35.838600 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation USGS Thesaurus geospatial analysis visualization methods scientific interpretation conceptual modeling geospatial datasets hydrogeology hydrology groundwater flow petroleum industrial pollution groundwater level None Superfund Wilcox Oil Company benzene aquifer characterization hydrogeologic framework USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:64935ddcd34ef77fcb013919 Geographic Names Information System Bristow Oklahoma Creek County None. Please refer to the "Distribution Information" section for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center Public Information Officer U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

1505 Ferguson Lane

Austin TX 78754 USA 512-927-3500 otpublicinfo@usgs.gov Comma Separated Values (.csv) files are provided. These text files can be opened by any text editor. The operating system and software used to open, view, and manipulate the files included in this data release are as follows: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise (Version 22H2 Build 19045.3086 Experience Pack 1000.19041.1000.0) Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO (Version 2208 Build 16.0.15601.20698) 32-bit ConvertToRinex (Version 3.1.4.0) Geosoft Oasis montaj standard edition (Version 2022.2 [20221207.28]). All feature attribute values were peer reviewed. Refer to the "Methodology" and "Process Step" sections found within the "Lineage" part of the "Data Quality Information" section for a description of the quality-assurance and quality-control steps performed on the dataset. Values were checked for correct data types. All data match the information provided by their associated metadata and reported values fall within the expected ranges. The dataset was assessed for the presence or absence of relevant data. The dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. All groundwater monitoring well and piezometer locations were recorded from static real-time kinematic Global Positioning System occupations and processed by using rapid-static processing from the Online Positioning User Service (National Geodetic Survey, 2024) and Trimble's CenterPoint RTX post-processing (Trimble Inc., 2024) technology. The reported horizontal positional accuracies ranged between 0.02 to 0.73 feet. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. All groundwater monitoring well and piezometer locations were recorded from static real-time kinematic Global Positioning System occupations and processed by using rapid-static processing from the Online Positioning User Service (National Geodetic Survey, 2024) and Trimble's CenterPoint RTX post-processing (Trimble Inc., 2024) technology. The reported vertical positional accuracies ranged between 0.1 to 1.1 feet. National Geodetic Survey 2024 website https://geodesy.noaa.gov/OPUS/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 20241121 date website was accessed National Geodetic Survey (2024) Online tool that was used to post-process the real-time kinematic Global Positioning System data. Trimble Inc. 2024 website https://trimblertx.com/UploadForm.aspx Digital and/or Hardcopy 20241121 date website was accessed Trimble Inc. (2024) Online tool that was used to post-process the real-time kinematic Global Positioning System data. Seequent 2020 publication accessed August 3, 2023 https://files.seequent.com/MySeequent/technical-papers/topicsingriddingworkshop.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 publication date Seequent (2020) Provides information on the kriging and minimum curvature method. Seequent 2025 website https://www.seequent.com/products-solutions/oasis-montaj/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 20250326 date website was accessed Seequent (2025) Provides information about the Oasis montaj software package. Cunningham, W.L. Schalk, C.W. 2011 publication U.S. Geological Survey Technique and Methods book 1, chap. A1 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 151 p., accessed March 11, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1A1 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2011 publication date Cunningham and Schalk (2011) Provided the U.S. Geological Survey standards for the slug-test data collection method. Webring, M. 1981 publication U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1224 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 41 p., accessed March 20, 2025 https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1224/report.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy 1981 publication date Webring (1981) Provides information on the minimum curvature gridding method. Prior to collecting groundwater-quality samples or slug tests, groundwater-level altitudes were measured at each well by following USGS methods described in Cunningham and Schalk (2011). Electric tapes were used for all groundwater-level altitude measurements. Potentiometric-surface maps were created from the groundwater-level altitude data collected prior to collection of groundwater-quality samples during October–November 2022 to help assess spatial changes in groundwater-level altitudes across the study area. The groundwater-level altitude dataset collected prior to groundwater-quality sampling was used to develop the potentiometric-surface maps because it contained measurements from more wells compared to the groundwater-level altitude dataset collected prior to the slug tests; groundwater-level altitudes for the slug tests were only measured for the groundwater monitoring wells installed in 2022. Measured depths to the water table were converted to groundwater-level altitudes by subtracting the depths to the water table from the land-surface altitude at the well in feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The potentiometric-surface grid was created by using a gridding method implemented in Oasis montaj (Seequent, 2025) referred to as the minimum curvature method (Webring, 1981; Seequent, 2020). The default gridding parameters included in Oasis montaj were used except tighter constraints were used on the acceptable difference between gridded and measured values in order to force more iterations, along with tighter constraints on the number of gridded values that meet this deviation requirement (Seequent, 2020). The maximum number of iterations for the gridding algorithm to converge to a solution was also increased (Seequent, 2020). The grid cell size used was a horizontal grid spacing of 15 by 15 m. All groundwater-level altitudes and the resulting grid were reviewed for the best possible final representation of the potentiometric surface. Cunningham and Schalk (2011) Seequent (2020) Seequent (2025) Webring (1981) 20230721 Andrew P. Teeple U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing address

10207-B East 61St Street

Tulsa OK 74145 US 325-226-0601 apteeple@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell 31 32 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 14 0.9996 -99.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 15.0 15.0 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101004 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.1 feet Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Wilcox_WL_alt.tif Raster geospatial data file containing the groundwater-level altitudes in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site. Producer Defined Value The groundwater-level altitude for the specified grid cell in feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Producer Defined 766.9 795.5 feet 0.1 Files pertaining to this dataset are listed as follows: Wilcox_WL_alt.tif - Raster geospatial data file containing the groundwater-level altitudes in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site. Wilcox_GroundwaterFlowSystem_meta.xml - Metadata file containing data quality information, processing steps, entity and attributes information, and other pertinent information. Wilcox_GroundwaterFlowSystem_meta.xml GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6 None 20250627 Andrew P. Teeple U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing

10207-B East 61st Street

Tulsa OK 74145 US 325-226-0601 apteeple@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998