O'Neil, S.T. Coates, P.S. Webster, S.C. Brussee, B.E. Dettenmaier, S.J. Tull, J.C. Jackson, P.T. Casazza, M.L. Espinosa, S.P. Chenaille, M.P. 20230616 digital data n/a U.S. Geological Survey data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BLVJTS Shawn T. O'Neil Peter S. Coates Sarah C. Webster Brianne E. Brussee Seth J. Dettenmaier John C. Tull Pat J. Jackson Michael L. Casazza Shawn P. Espinosa 20230807 publication Ecosphere vol. 14, issue 8 n/a Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4618 We combined approximately 28,000 raven point count surveys with data from more than 900 sage-grouse nests between 2009 and 2019 within the Great Basin, USA. We modeled variation in raven density using a Bayesian hierarchical distance sampling approach with environmental covariates on detection and abundance. Concurrently, we modeled sage-grouse nest survival using a hierarchical frailty model as a function of raven density as well as other environmental covariates that influence risk of failure. Raven density commonly exceeded more than 0.5 ravens per square kilometer and increased at low relative elevations with prevalent anthropogenic development and/or agriculture. Reduced sage-grouse nest survival was strongly associated with elevated raven density (e.g., more than 0.5 ravens per square kilometer) and varied with topographic ruggedness, shrub cover, and burned areas. For conservation application, we developed a spatially explicit planning tool that predicts nest survival under current and reduced raven numbers at local areas within the Great Basin to help direct management actions to locations where sage-grouse nests are at highest risk of failure. Our modeling framework can be generalized to multiple species where spatially registered abundance and demographic data are available. Anthropogenic resource subsidization across western ecosystems has contributed to widespread increases in generalist avian predators, including common ravens (Corvus corax; hereafter, raven). Ravens are adept nest predators and can negatively impact species of conservation concern. Predation effects from ravens are especially concerning for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse), which have experienced prolonged population decline. Our objectives were to quantify spatiotemporal patterns in raven density, evaluate sage-grouse nest success concurrent with fluctuating raven densities, and demonstrate a high resolution spatially explicit decision support tool to guide management applications to appropriate conflict areas. 2009 2019 observed Complete None planned Great Basin and bi-state regions in the western United States -120.6279 -114.4590 43.0191 37.2603 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota USGS Thesaurus human impacts ecology native species wildlife None Anthropogenic subsidies conservation planning decision support density surface model distance sampling nest survival population decline predation predator-prey sagebrush species distribution species of concern USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:648904e9d34ef77fcafe4484 None Great Basin bi-state California Nevada Idaho Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Corvus corax Centrocercus urophasianus Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) 2018 ONLINE_REFERENCE Washington, D.C. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) http://itis.gov https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK expert advice Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Corvidae Genus Corvus Species Corvus corax Common Raven Order Galliformes Family Phasianidae Genus Centrocercus Species Centrocercus urophasianus Greater Sage Grouse Sage Grouse Greater Sage-grouse TSN: 175855 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. The authors of these data request that users direct any questions pertaining to appropriate use or assistance with understanding limitations and interpretation of the data to the individuals/organization listed in the Point of Contact section. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center mailing and physical

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Sacramento CA 95819 US 279-782-0904 gs-b-werc_data_management@usgs.gov Nevada Department of Wildlife, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Idaho State University, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Basin Bird Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey Windows 10; Falgout, Jeff T, Janice Gordon, USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Yeti Supercomputer: U.S. Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D798MJ GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. TIF, CSV https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BLVJTS None 20240329 Michael P Chenaille U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center CARTOGRAPHIC TECHNICIAN mailing address

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Dixon CA 95620 US 530-669-5092 mchenaille@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999