Mark L. Wildhaber Janice L. Albers 20230309 tabular digital data Authors Open Researcher and Contributor Id (ORCID) are as follows: Mark L. Wildhaber: 0000-0002-6538-9083; Janice L. Albers: 0000-0002-6312-8269 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AZK1HS Mark L. Wildhaber Janice L. Albers 2023 publication North American Journal of Fisheries Management N/A N/A American Fisheries Society https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10824 The study was designed to assess the strength of the innate linkage of substrate and food in foraging by early juvenile Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon and their hybrids and adult Sicklefin and Shoal Chub. The data include information on the fish weights throughout the duration of the experiment as well as observed fish behavior data. Wet weights from fish were recorded to monitor feeding consumption and the behavior data was generated in response to watching the fish during feeding. Information found in the fish weights data table includes the fish name, the tank number, the food treatment given, the light treatment given, the week of the trial, the date when the weight was taken, the substrate material, where food was delivered, and lastly the fish weight in grams. Information found in the fish behavior data table includes the observed behavior of the fish, a numerical identifier given to the observation, the fish name, the week of the experiment, the food treatment given, the light treatment given, the substrate material, where food was delivered, the time in seconds an observed behavior started, the date of the observed behavior, the time the observation period started, and lastly the tank number. The ultimate goal of the study was to develop a better understanding of potential competition for resources among these five fish groups. The research results from the current study provide information on the potential effects of light levels and food delivery on substrate selection of early juvenile Pallid, Shovelnose, and hybrid sturgeons and Shoal and Sicklefin Chub. Simultaneously, this research provides information that should help in understanding the potential effect of light levels (as a surrogate for turbidity) on the foraging success of all five fish groups once a better understanding how the macroinvertebrates on which they feed are distributed across these substrate types in the Missouri River. Video footage generated for this project is considered a temporary project record through disposition authority of USGS 1600-01b. As such the video footage is available upon request through 2026 20090917 20131214 ground condition Complete None planned Missouri River from the Kansas River confluence to Mississippi River confluence -94.6102 -89.9121 39.3608 37.7533 USGS Thesaurus fish animal behavior endangered species ISO 19115 Topic Category biota National Agricultural Library Thesaurus food availability shovelnose sturgeon pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus Scaphirhynchus platorynchus None habitat choice substrate selection sicklefin chub shoal chub USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6409ec69d34e0e602b90fdfc None Columbia Environmental Research Center Geogrpahic Names Information System Missouri River Kansas River Mississippi River None Scaphirhynchus albus Scaphirhynchus platorynchus Macrhybopsis hyostoma Macrhybopsis meeki Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) 2022 ONLINE_REFERENCE Washington, D.C. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) http://itis.gov Mark L Wildhaber U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center Research Ecologist mailing and physical

4200 New Haven Road

Columbia MO 65201 US 573-875-5399 mwildhaber@usgs.gov genetic analysis Fish were from a known laboratory source and identified through genetic analysis. All fish were identified to species. Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Actinopterygii Class Chondrostei Order Acipenseriformes Suborder Acipenseroidei Family Acipenseridae Subfamily Scaphirhynchinae Genus Scaphirhynchus Species Scaphirhynchus albus TSN: 161081 Species Scaphirhynchus platorynchus TSN: 161082 Class Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes Superfamily Cyprinoidea Family Cyprinidae Genus Macrhybopsis Species Macrhybopsis hyostoma TSN: 553280 Species Macrhybopsis meeki TSN: 163868 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. It is requested that the authors and the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Mark L Wildhaber U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center Research Ecologist mailing address

4200 New Haven Road

Columbia MO 65201 US 573-875-5399 573-876-1896 mwildhaber@usgs.gov United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia Environmental Research Center staff, Gavins Point Fish Hatchery Windows 10 version 20H2, build 19042,1348; notepad++ 64-bit x64 version 8.1.9.3; We ensured all instruments were accurate before taking any measurements. Camera systems were checked daily to ensure they were functioning properly. We also spot checked data to check for transcription errors. The data matches up with details provided and values fall within expected ranges. Data was checked for any errors before analysis. Video observations of fish behavior were randomized to eliminate any possibility of bias. Fish were processed individually to ensure their data was correctly recorded. The data are complete as described in the abstract. NA NA Quinton E. Phelps Sara J. Tripp James E. Garvey David P. Herzog David E. Ostendorf Joseph W. Ridings Jason W. Crites Robert A. Hrabik 201007 publication Transactions of the American Fisheries Society vol. 139, issue 4 n/a Wiley ppg. 1060-1068 https://doi.org/10.1577/T09-199.1 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1998 2007 publication date Depth Used the shallowest depth of a Pallid Sturgeon catch to estimate lux levels during a sunny day at 1 m. Aaron J. Delonay Kimberly A. Chojnacki Robert B. Jacobson Janice L. Albers Patrick J. Braaten Edward A. Bulliner Caroline M. Elliott Susannah O. Erwin David B Fuller Justin D. Haas Hallie L.A. Ladd Gerald E. Mestl Diana M. Papoulias Mark L. Wildhaber 2016 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155145 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2005 2012 publication date Turbidity Used the data to translate surface turbidity readings collected during sturgeon tracking Larvae were produced by spawning Columbia Environmental Research Center Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon hybrids and were held until they reached a size that would be considered juveniles before they were used in the study. Sicklefin and Shoal Chub were collected directly from the field by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Field Office, Columbia Missouri and were held until they reached adulthood and the study began. 2013 Five 4-week experiments were conducted, a separate experiment for each fish group (i.e. Pallid Sturgeon, Shovelnose Sturgeon, Pallid Sturgeon X Shovelnose Sturgeon hybrid, Sicklefin Chub, or Sturgeon Chub). During an experiment, one fish was placed in each of 24 aquaria that were visibly and audibly isolated from each other. Each tank had its own computer controlled and monitored lighting and heating, all of which was monitored by close-circuit camera and digital video recording. Experiments included four substrate/feeding location combinations (i.e., sand on left/without food, sand on left/with food, mud on left/without food, mud on left/ without food). The substrate/feeding location occurred in random order over a 4-week experiment until each aquarium had received all four substrate/feeding location combinations. 2013 Two trays placed in the bottom of each aquarium were filled either with sand or mud substrates. The mud substrate used in this study was a 50:50 combination of Ball clay Old Mine #4 (Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Company of Mayfield, Kentucky) and fire clay Hawthorne Bond 20 mesh (Christy Minerals Company of High Hill, Missouri). It was mixed together dry and then water was added to hydrate it before placing it in a substrate tray to be placed in a tank. All sand was a mix of commercially available quartz and chert sand used for playgrounds and fell within the average size of sand found in the Missouri River. After each fish group’s experiment sand was washed in acid while the mud was not reused. 2013 The video recording process resulted in 448 hours of video per aquarium with a total of 10,752 hours per fish group. For each group, over 500 random hours were identified for sampling or approximately 5 percent of the 10,752 hours collected. For each of those hours a random 2 min segment was watched. During that 2-min period, the position of the fish defined as location of the fish’s head on either the left or right side of the aquarium (i.e., substrate selection) was continuously recorded by an observer. See Tank_Grid.png or Tank_Grid.docx (which contains Alt Text) file. 2013 To test light intensity as a surrogate for turbidity, 12 aquaria were given complete, continuous darkness (video monitored using infrared) while 12 aquaria were given a 12 h light:12 h dark photocycle. Light treatments were continued throughout the experiment, even on days with no substrate or when fish were being weighed (Substrate/feeding treatments section below). Infrared lighting was used for aquaria when no visible light was provided to allow for video recording of behavior in the dark. Red light headlamps were used to access fish during all times. 2013 To test food consumption, the fish in each of six of the two light level sets of tanks were fed a maximum ration daily while fish in the other six tanks were fed half the maximum ration. The cmax estimate for each fish group in food grams per day per 1 gram of fish was: Pallid Sturgeon = 0.629, Shovelnose Sturgeon = 0.410, hybrid sturgeon = 0.612, Sicklefin Chub = 0.338, and Shoal Chub = 0.462. For each of the 7-d periods, this feeding rate was multiplied by the average weight of all fish in the treatment on the first day of a 7-d period to determine the daily feeding rate per aquarium for that 7-d period. The feeding rate for each fish group’s experiment was based on cmax (i.e., 24-h food consumption of fish allowed to determine their food intake) in grams of food per grams of fish per day from a collection of fish fed twice a day in which no food remained after 24 hours. 2013 Individual fish wet weight was measured at the start of the experiment and at the end of each 7 day period (week). These weekly weights were analyzed using a repeated-measures-in-time, two-way ANOVA with ration level and light level main effects and 7 day period (week) as the repeated-measure factor. We assumed that the side of the aquarium or substrate on which food was delivered on did not affect growth, only behavior. This assumption was supported by the observation that the majority of food delivered was consumed throughout the study no matter where it was delivered. Simultaneously, this allowed us to assess change in weight over time by including 7 day period (week) as a repeated measure. The data were normally distributed based on the Shapiro-Wilkes test for normality in 190 of 200 (i.e., 5 fish groups ×8 treatment combinations × 5 time points (initial weight + 4 7 day periods)). 2013 Fish_Weight.txt Text (TXT) file containing weight data from fishes used in the study; includes fish species, tank number, food treatment, light treatment, week, date, substrate, food placement location, and weight. Producer Defined Species The species level of taxonomic hierarchy to which the sample organism was identified. In Linnaean classification system called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks of traits from general to specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Text Producer Defined Macrhybopsis hyostoma The test subject was identified as a shoal chub Producer defined Macrhybopsis meeki The test subject was identified as a sicklefin chub Producer defined Scaphirhynchus albus The test subject was identified as a pallid sturgeon Producer defined Scaphirhynchus albus/Scaphirhynchus platorynchus The test subject was identified as a hybrid cross between pallid and shovelnose sturgeon Producer defined Scaphirhynchus platorynchus The test subject was identified as a shovelnose sturgeon Producer defined Tank A numeric identifier for the tank in the experiment. Integers Producer Defined A numeric identifier for the tank in the experiment. Integers FoodTrt A literal value representing the term used to identify the amount of daily food ration given to fish within the tanks. Text Producer Defined cmax Fish were fed the maximum daily food ration twice daily Producer defined halfcmax Fish were fed half of the maximum daily food ration twice daily Producer defined LightTrt A literal value representing the term used to identify the amount of light exposure each individual tank received. Text Producer Defined light Tanks that were given a 12 hour light, 12 hour dark photocycle for the duration of the experiment Producer defined dark Tanks that were given complete, continuous darkness for the duration of experiment Producer defined SubLeft A literal value representing the term used to identify the substrate material used to cover the bottom left half of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Text Producer Defined ND No data Producer defined mud Mud filled the tray that covered half of the bottom of the tank. Mud substrate used in this study was a 50:50 combination of Ball clay Old Mine #4 and fire clay Hawthorne Bond 20 mesh Producer defined sand Quartz sand filled the tray that covered half of the bottom of the tank Producer defined FedOver A literal value representing the term used to identify the substrate material over which food was provided. Text Producer Defined ND No data Producer defined mud Mud filled the tray that covered half of the bottom of the tank. Mud substrate used in this study was a 50:50 combination of Ball clay Old Mine #4 and fire clay Hawthorne Bond 20 mesh Producer defined sand Quartz sand filled the tray that covered half of the bottom of the tank Producer defined Week A period of seven 24h days beginning on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday, numerically identified as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 which corresponds to the week of the 4-week experiment when data were collected. Integer Producer Defined A period of seven 24h days beginning on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday, numerically identified as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 which corresponds to the week of the 4-week experiment when data were collected. Integer Date A representation of time in which the smallest unit of measure is a day. The value is expressed in YYYYMMDD. It represents the date upon which samples were collected. Numeric Producer Defined 20090917 20131216 YYYYMMDD Weight The wet weight of the fish at the end of the experiment, reported in grams. Numeric Producer Defined 0.350 8.700 Grams Fish_Behavior.txt Text (TXT) file containing data generated using two minute video clips of fish; includes fish behavior, number of observations, fish species, study week, food treatment, light treatment, substrate, food placement location, time of observed behavior, date, start time of observation period, and tank number. Producer Defined Species The species level of taxonomic hierarchy to which the sample organism was identified. In Linnaean classification system called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks of traits from general to specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Text Producer Defined Macrhybopsis hyostoma The test subject was identified as a shoal chub Producer defined Macrhybopsis meeki The test subject was identified as a sicklefin chub Producer defined Scaphirhynchus albus The test subject was identified as a pallid sturgeon Producer defined Scaphirhynchus albus/Scaphirhynchus platorynchus The test subject was identified as a hybrid cross between pallid and shovelnose sturgeon Producer defined Scaphirhynchus platorynchus The test subject was identified as a shovelnose sturgeon Producer defined Tank A numeric identifier for the tank in the experiment. Integers Producer Defined A numeric identifier for the tank in the experiment. Integers FoodTrt A literal value representing the term used to identify the amount of daily food ration given to fish within the tanks. Text Producer Defined cmax Fish were fed the maximum daily food ration twice daily Producer defined halfmax Fish were fed half of the maximum daily food ration twice daily Producer defined LightTrt A literal value representing the term used to identify the amount of light exposure each individual tank received. Text Producer Defined light Tanks that were given a 12 hour light, 12 hour dark photocycle for the duration of the experiment Producer defined dark Tanks that were given complete, continuous darkness for the duration of experiment Producer defined SubLeft A literal value representing the term used to identify the substrate material used to cover the bottom left half of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Text Producer Defined sand Quartz sand filled the tray that covered half of the bottom of the tank Producer defined mud Mud filled the tray that covered half of the bottom of the tank. Mud substrate used in this study was a 50:50 combination of Ball clay Old Mine #4 and fire clay Hawthorne Bond 20 mesh Producer defined FedOver A literal value representing the term used to identify the substrate material over which food was provided. Text Producer Defined sand Quartz sand filled the tray that covered half of the bottom of the tank Producer defined mud Mud filled the tray that covered half of the bottom of the tank. Mud substrate used in this study was a 50:50 combination of Ball clay Old Mine #4 and fire clay Hawthorne Bond 20 mesh Producer defined Week A period of seven 24h days beginning on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday, numerically identified as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 which corresponds to the week of the 4-week experiment when data were collected. Integer Producer Defined A period of seven 24h days beginning on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday, numerically identified as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 which corresponds to the week of the 4-week experiment when data were collected. Integer Date A representation of time in which the smallest unit of measure is a day. The value is expressed in YYYYMMDD. It represents the date upon which samples were collected. Numeric Producer Defined 20090917 20131215 YYYYMMDD BehaveTime The point in time when specific observed behavior commenced. The value represents the decimal seconds that have elapsed since the beginning of a 2 minute (0 to 120 seconds) observation period. Numeric Producer Defined 0.0000 120.0000 Decimal seconds Time Time of day when sample was collected expressed in 24 hour clock. Representation of time in which the smallest unit of measure is a second. Indicates the time the sample was collected. The value is expressed in HH:MM:SS Central Standard Time. Producer Defined 0:10:00 23:58:00 HH:MM:SS ObsID Numeric identifier for the 2 minute observation period. Integer. Producer Defined Numeric identifier for the 2 minute observation period. Integer. Observation The observed position of the fish in the tank based on a horizontal/vertical grid of six equal cells mapped on the front glass of a tank (see Tank_Grid file), whether it was swimming or resting, and if it was in contact with the bottom substrate that was continuously recorded for 2 minutes. Producer Defined left active substrate Fish observed was moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the left bottom substrate of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined left rest bot substrate Fish observed was not moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the left bottom substrate of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined left active bot Fish observed was moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming)in the left bottom of the tank when viewing the tank from the front Producer defined right rest bot substrate Fish observed was not moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the right bottom substrate of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined right active bot substrate Fish observed was moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the right bottom substrate of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined left active top Fish observed was moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the left top side of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined right active top Fish observed was moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the right top side of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined right active mid Fish observed was moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the right middle of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined right active bot Fish observed was moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the right bottom side of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined left active mid Fish observed was moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the left middle of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined left rest mid Fish observed was not moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the left middle of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined right rest mid Fish observed was not moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the right middle of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined rest bot line Fish observed was not moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) on the two tray edges at the center of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. No substrate choice was determinable so this behavior was ignored during analysis. Producer defined right rest top Fish observed was not moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the right top side of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined left rest top Fish observed was not moving horizontally and vertically in any direction (i.e. swimming) in the left top side of the tank when viewing the tank from the front. Producer defined GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. 20230309 CERC Data Manager U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center Natural Resource Data Manager mailing and physical

4200 New Haven Road

Columbia MO 65201 United States 573-875-5399 gs-mw-cerc_data_manager@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999