Erika L Geiger Rebecca Finger-Higgens Ed Grote Jayne Belnap Michael C. Duniway 20230404 tabular data Flagstaff, AZ U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originators: Geiger, Erika L, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4546-3503; Finger-Higgens, Rebecca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-504X; Grote, Ed, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-9482; Belnap, Jayne, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279; Duniway, Michael C, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BKCYSX Rebecca Finger-Higgens Tara B. Bishop Jayne Belnap Erika L. Geiger Edmund E. Grote David L. Hoover Sasha Reed Michael C. Duniway 2023 journal manuscript Wiley Online Library Global Change Biology https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16681 These data were compiled to assess the response of vegetation and biological soil crusts to drought in a semi-arid ecosystem on the Colorado Plateau near Moab, Utah. Objective(s) of our study were to explore how vegetation cover, soil conditions, and growing season nitrogen (N) availability are impacted by multifaceted drying climate conditions using data from a long-term precipitation reduction experiment (30% reduction). In 2010, U.S. Geological Survey biologists installed paired experimental plots with a control plot and a plot covered by a shelter that excluded 35% of incoming precipitation. These 40 sites represent shallow vs. deep soils and sandstone vs. shale parent material. These data were collected at various time frames include plot-level plant species richness, individual plant mortality of focal species, ocular plant cover estimates, cover of biological soil crusts, available Nitrogen pools, foliar isotopes, soil chemistry and texture. Data were collected from 2014 to 2020 by U.S. Geological Survey scientists and technicians from the Southwest Biological Science Center - Moab, UT, Research Station. These data can be used to predict vegetation and ground cover response to extreme and prolonged drought conditions across the Upper Colorado Plateau. The purpose of these data are to examine potential ecosystem responses to drought by experimentally reducing precipitation by 35%. These data were created to monitor and predict the impacts of drought on the vegetation and soils of the Upper Colorado Plateau, across a range of species, elevations, and soil types. The data that is associated with a study was set up to understand the response of vegetation and biological soil crusts to experimental drought manipulation across several target species and habitats. Because of the large number of species and habitats included there is a limited number of replicates for each combination. For analysis, species were often grouped into higher level categories such as functional groups. Care should be taken to not extrapolate beyond the response of a given species in the habitat that it was studied. For cover, data were collected at a specific time of year that may have excluded presence/absence or peak cover of some species. For richness, the timing of collection may have limited the ability to identify the plant to species so richness values may actually be higher than indicated by this data set. For mortality, due to the slow or sometimes sporadic growth of plants in these arid systems it can take a few years to determine whether a plant has died. Some plants appearing dead may present a flush of growth in a given year with ample precipitation; other rhizomatous plants may die off near the tag only to show up a short distance away with new growth. For soil moisture and soil temperature, there are missing records throughout the timeseries that were removed due to errors in sensor recording. Additionally, broken or dysfunctional sensors were not replaced so that the number of functional sensors declined with time. For foliar isotopes, no date was recorded for exactly when leaf collection occurred, which could influence the value of carbon and nitrogen concentrations dues to variations due to plant phenology. For available soil N, it should be noted that the UniBest resin capsules only sorbed ammonium and nitrate so other forms of nitrogen that are readily biologically available such as simple organic nitrogen molecules would not have been captured. Data users should read the entire metadata record and acquire the manuscript identified as the ‘Larger Work Citation’ and any manuscripts identified as ‘Cross Reference' to have a complete understanding of how these data were created and used. The data are specific to the uses identified above, as described in the ‘Larger Work Citation’, and any other use of these data would be inappropriate. See 'Distribution liability' statements for more information. 2021 2022 ground condition Complete None planned -109.845697 -109.353174 38.939859 37.950564 USGS Thesaurus biogeography biological soil crusts droughts field experiments field inventory and monitoring field methods field sampling nitrogen plants (organisms) plot sampling precipitation (atmospheric) sedimentary rocks soil chemistry soil resources soil sciences species diversity terrestrial ecosystems vegetation USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:63f6509cd34e4f7eda453f88 USGS information products data release ISO 19115 Topic Categories biota elevation environment geoscientificInformation None available nitrogen control plot deep soils experimental design experimental plot extreme drought focal species foliar isotopes ground cover plant cover plant mortality plant species richness plot-level data sandstone semi-arid ecosystem shale shallow soils shelter plot sites soil texture temporal data Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Colorado Plateau Moab None upper Colorado Plateau none none Erika L Geiger U.S. Geological Survey Supervisory Biologist mailing and physical

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Moab UT 84532 United States 928-556-7559 egeiger@usgs.gov The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program and Ecosystem Mission Area supported this work. We are grateful to the many USGS employees that helped with study establishment and data collection. Rachel L. Buck Bryan G. Hopkins Bruce L. Webb Von D. Jolley Nathan L .Cline 2016 Soil Science: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Soils Research (online) Soil Science https://doi.org/10.1097/SS.0000000000000165 No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Development of the AvailSoilN_Resin_Data table: Mixed-ion resin capsules were used to measure plant available inorganic nitrogen (inorganic N) availability (Unibest International, Walla Walla, WA). The resin capsules measure inorganic N availability through ion sorption, so that as water flows through the soil, the resin beds bind nitrogen (N) ions (NH4+-N and NO3--N) dissolved in soil water. Resins were deployed annually from 2014-2020 (except 2018 due to funding constraints) between February 27 TO March 26 and were retrieved between July 21 to August 20. Resins were place under target dominant species (see Table 1 in the larger work citation) to identify potential correlations between N availability and plant functional type. Total in situ resin deployment time (i.e., number of days) was used to standardize measurements across years so that resin available inorganic N is recorded as µg nitrogen-N per capsule per day. For field insertion, resin capsules were placed at 45 ° angle to 5 centimeter depth of a designated focal plant. Upon retrieval, resin capsules were rinsed with deionized water, place in clean plastic bags, and kept at 5 °C to await analysis. Resins capsules were then sent to the Brigham Young University Environmental Analytical Lab (Provo, UT) and analyzed for NH4+-N and NO3--N as described by (Buck et al. 2016) and analyzed using flow injection analysis (Quick Chem 8500; Lachat Instruments, Loveland, CO). Analytical results from Brigham Young University (BYU) Environmental Analytical Lab were emailed back to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - Southwest Biological Science Center (SBSC) investigators once completed. The USGS-SBSC research team then checked for outlier and erroneous measurement values and removed values when necessary. Next, we calculated the rate of inorganic nitrogen accumulation on the resins by the value received from the BYU Environmental Analytical Lab and the number of days that the resins were in situ to calculate µg NH4+-N/ day and µg NO3--N/ day. Days in place was then calculated as the number of days between the date of insertion and the date of removal. Data from resin samples across years was compiled in 2021 and later modified in 2022 to include the rate of inorganic nitrogen accumulation by day. 2022 Development of the Foliar_Isotope_Data table: Foliar samples were collected from target species across the plots in late May 2020 for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) analysis. For shrubs, green leaves were haphazardly removed from various locations on the shrub canopy and from multiple plants within a given plot. For grasses, green foliar biomass was removed using scissors. Collected foliar samples were oven dried at 60 °C for a minimum of 72 hours and then ground to a fine powder. Samples were then analyzed at the Cornell University Stable Isotope Laboratory on a CHN elemental analyzer (Model Carlo Erba NC2500; Thermo Finnigan, San Jose, CA). Analytical results from the Cornell University Stable Isotope Laboratory were emailed back to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - Southwest Biological Science Center (SBSC) once complete. The USGS-SBSC research team then checked for outlier and erroneous measurement values and removed values when necessary. Samples were then assigned their proper treatment, plant species, and SiteID and compiled into a master list. The list was originally created in 2021. 2021 Development of the Plant_Mortality_Data table: We permanently tagged individual plants, representing target shrubs (8 species) and perennial grasses (7 species), in order to track survival and mortality through time. Species represented multiple functional groups, and cover classes were chosen across our experiment based on their presence in a minimum of 10 replicates (control - C and drought shelters - S) across the sites. Target shrub species included Atriplex species (including A. confertifolia, A. gardneri, A. filifolius, and A. tridentata), Coleogyne ramosissima, Ephedra viridis, Krascheninnikovia lanata, and cactus Opuntia spp. (including O. polyacantha and O. phaeacantha). Target grass species included Achnatherum hymenoides, Bouteloua gracilis, Hesperostipa comata, Pleuraphis jamesii, and Sporobolus species (S. contractus, S. cryptandrus, S. flexuosus). For rhizomatous species that tend to migrate over time we tagged individuals within a permanently marked 50cm x 50cm frame, and the "individual" was marked as alive if any green tissue was present within the frame. Individuals were tracked annually and plant status (dead or alive) was recorded at peak productivity (typically in April or May each year). When possible we permanently tagged new plants if previously tagged individuals in a plot died. Data were collected on paper data sheets and entered in to excel. Data were checked for entry errors by comparing data sheets to entered values. Data were then reviewed for inconsistencies such as an individual recorded as dead one year but alive the next. Some species may appear dead in a given year depending on environmental conditions but in other years produce photosynthetic (green) tissue - these individuals were not considered dead if they resumed growth in other years. After field data collection, field data from handwritten datasheets was entered into an excel spreadsheet and error checked. Data from all years was compiled in 2018 and then modified in 2020 and 2021. 2021 Development of the Site_Info_Data table: Site characteristics were documented upon experiment establishment from 9/2009-6/2010. Target species 1-4, parent material, soil depth, and soil texture were determined by expert opinion by the principal investigators. Coordinate location data and elevation were collected using handheld GPS units with locations later downloaded and merged into the file. Property ownership was identified through personal communications and local expertise and confirmed using land ownership basemaps. Sites on privately held lands were permitted by direct communication and written permission from private land-owners. Permits were acquired for all sites located on federal lands including those held by the Bureau of Land Management Monticello District and the National Park Service Canyonlands. Soil Texture (0-10cm) attribute values determined by field expert selecting site and confirmed using the Web Soil Survey (https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/). Site characteristics were documented upon experiment establishment from 9/2009-6/2010. Target species 1-4, parent material, soil depth, and soil texture were determined by expert opinion by the principal investigators. UTMs and elevation were collected using handheld GPS units with locations later downloaded and merged into the file. Property ownership was identified through personal communications and local expertise. Sites on privately held lands were permitted by direct communication and written permission from private land-owners. Permits were acquired for all sites located on federal lands including those held by the Bureau of Land Management Monticello District and the National Park Service Canyonlands. Full compiled data table was completed in 2010 and updated in 2022. 2022 Development of the Soil_Chemistry_Texture_Data table: This data table contains soil chemistry and texture information for each plot. Two replicate soil samples were collected at two depths; surface samples 0-0.5cm and 0-10 cm depth. Soils were collected as plots were installed (9/2009-6/2010), most were collected prior to trenching and post setting but a few were collected after (does this matter?) Also check notes about collected when wet - were they air dried? I would think more important that they were collected over such a wide time period). Soils were sent to the Environmental Analytic Lab at Brigham Young University in Salt Lake City, Utah and results of the soil chemistry were provided for 24 micronutrients (inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy - ICP), parts per million of phosphorus (P), potassium (K)-available, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Cu, and exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), K, sodium (Na), and total nitrogen (N). Texture included percent silt, clay, sand, and sand fractions. Soils were collected as plots were installed (9/2009-6/2010). Two 3/4" soil cores per plot at a depth of 0-10 cm and two collections made with a modified paint scraper to a depth of 0-0.5 were collected and brought back to the lab and air dried. Soils were sent to Brigham Young University Environmental Analytical Lab for chemical and textural analysis. Results were emailed in an excel spreadsheet and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - Southwest Biological Science Center (SBSC) research team then checked for outlier and erroneous measurement values and removed values when necessary or sometimes EAL would reanalyze the sample. 2021 Development of the Soil_Moisture_Data table: Within each site and within each treatment (n=80; 40 sites x 2 treatments) at 10 centimeters soil depth, soil temperature measurements were recorded with Campbell Scientific 109 probes (Campbell Scientific Inc, Logan UT) and volumetric soil moisture data were collected using Decagon EC-5 probes (Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA, United States). From 1/2011-current data release (12/2022) soil temperature and moisture data were measured every 2 minutes and averaged hourly. Downloaded data were later processed and checked for erroneous measurements, and problematic sensors were ultimately replaced or removed. Data for soil temperature and soil moisture were downloaded from field data loggers connected to probes approximately three times a year. Data logger data was then converted from a .csv file into an excel spreadsheet and checked for outliers and erroneously recorded data, which was removed when necessary. Data from all years was initially processed in 2021 and updated in 2022. 2022 Development of the Species List_Data table: This data table was compiled by summarizing and coalescing species names from the Vegetation_Cover, Plant_Mortality, and Foliar_Isotope data tables and then looking up those names on the USDA plants database (accessed 3/17/2023) and entering the standardized code next to the code from our data set. 2023 Development of the Vegetation_Cover_Data table: Vegetation and ground cover were ocular estimates observed within 75 x 100 cm frames placed in each of 4 quadrants of the plot, cover categories were expressed as percentages totalling 100% with in a quadrat and then averaged across quadrats. Cover data were recorded immediately after plot installation, 1-year post installation in late summer (July-Aug), and then shifted to early summer (April-May) to capture peak spring cover. For each perennial vascular plant species present, cover was estimated only for parts of the plant that appeared alive or green. Additionally, two commonly found non-native annual plants, Bromus tectorum and Salsola tragus, were recorded and grouped separately from native annual plants. Ground cover classification included bare ground (no signs of developed biological soil crust), rocks, and developed biological soil crust (defined by darkened soil surface and/or the presence of soil lichens or mosses). Litter cover included both standing dead litter and litter accumulated on the soil surface. We attempted to main consistency over time by always having at least one estimator from the prior year and estimators spent the first day calibrating cover estimates. Data were collected on paper data sheets and entered in to excel. Data were checked for entry errors by comparing data sheets to entered values. Data were then reviewed for inconsistencies such as species identified incorrectly. Data were entered as a percentage of 100 by species or ground cover type in each of 4 quadrats. For this data table, values were averaged across the quadrats for an average cover value for each cover type in each plot. Data were entered as a percentage of 100 by species or ground cover type in each of 4 quadrats. For this data table, values were averaged across the quadrats for an average cover value for each cover type in each plot. After field data collection onto paper datasheets, data were entered into an excel spreadsheet. All data was compiled in 2021 and updated in 2022. 2022 Data Quality Assessment and Quality Control (QAQC): Quality assurance (QA) of data was conducted by calibrating field data collectors with each other to ensure approximately similar percent cover estimates were conducted every year and species were identified with standardized species names. Data logger data values for soil moisture and soil temperature was checked by graphing the raw data and looking for outlier day (extremely high or extremely low values) that were likely recorder erroneous. Additionally, plot photos were collected every year to allow for data checking of mortality measurements, vegetation cover measurements, and mortality. During quality control (QC) erroneous and suspect values were removed to ensure that data analysis was not skewed. For soil moisture and soil temperature, if a probe was repeatedly recording bad measurement that sensor was either replaced or removed from the study. Full data QAQC was complete 2021 and updated in 2022. 2022 Finalize Data for Dissemination: Data sent to the Southwest Biological Science Center Data Steward for dissemination and preservation per USGS Data Management Policies SM 502.6, SM 502.7, SM 502.8 and SM 502.9 (1 October 2016). 2023 AvailSoilN_Resin_Data This data table represents extractable soil inorganic nitrogen (NH4+, NO3-) collected on Unibest Soil Resin capsules placed in situ during growing season 2014-2016, 2019, 2020. The purpose of this data table is to document variations in extractable soil inorganic nitrogen across growing seasons and between control and drought treatment plots. Producer defined PlotKey Unique ID for the plot that includes a site identifier and treatment type Producer defined a unique plot identifier that inclues the number of the plot (02 - 44), a site identifier (BB - RR), and the type of treatement (C = control or S = shelter) Year Year of foliar collection Producer defined 2014 2020 year: yyyy Date_Inserted Date of resin capsules were placed in situ Producer defined 2/27/2014 3/17/2020 date: mm/dd/yyyy Date_Collected Date when resin capsules were removed from the soil Producer defined 7/21/2014 8/13/2020 date: mm/dd/yyyy Total_Number_Days Total number of days resin capsules were in situ. Used for calculating total available nitrogen per day. Producer defined 115 161 integer number Species Plant species from underwhich resin was placed. See metadata for the 'Species_List' data table. USDA PLANTS Database accessed 3/17/2023. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Replicate Number of replicate samples collected for each given site and year. Values range from 1-4 and depending on the number of field repiclates collected for a given site and year. Blank cells indicate that there were no replicates. Producer defined 1 4 integer number NH4_perDay Resin accumulate ammonium (NH4+) per day based on in situ resin capsule deployment. Producer defined 0.022 33.939 microgram (µg) of ammonium per day NO3_perDay Resin accumulate nitrate (NO3-) per day based on in situ resin capsule deployment. Producer defined 0.001 15.355 microgram (µg) of nitrate per day Foliar_Isotope_Data This data table represents foliar nitrogen and carbon percentages and natural isotope abundances, δ 13C and δ 15N from foliar samples collected during the summer growing seasons. The purpose of this data table is to track variations in foliar chemistry and foliar isotopes across growing seasons. Producer defined PlotKey Unique ID for the plot that includes a site identifier and treatment type Producer defined a unique plot identifier that inclues the number of the plot (02 - 44), a site identifier (BB - RR), and the type of treatement (C = control or S = shelter) Year Year that foliar data was collected Producer defined 2010 2020 date: yyyy Species Plant species from underwhich resin was placed. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov percentC Percentage foliar carbon as determined from combustion elemental analysis. Blank cells indicate no data information. Producer defined 10.49820691 59.12083779 percent percentN Percentage foliar nitrogen as determined from combustion elemental analysis. Blank cells indicate no data information. Producer defined 0.273427685 4.665007925 percent deltaC Delta C 13 of collected foliar sample as determined from mass spectrometry. Blank cells indicate no data information. Producer defined -29.0095379 -11.57574298 parts per thousand (per mil, ‰) deltaN Delta N 15 of collected foliar sample as determined from mass spectrometry. Blank cells indicate no data information. Producer defined -4.352443014 13.81238973 parts per thousand (per mil, ‰) Plant_Mortality_Data This data table represents plant mortality in response to experimental drought. The purpose of this table is to show over time the status (dead or alive) of individual target plants on a plot. Producer defined PlotKey Unique ID for the plot that includes a site identifier and treatment type Producer defined a unique plot identifier that inclues the number of the plot (02 - 44), a site identifier (BB - RR), and the type of treatement (C = control or S = shelter) Year Year plant status was collected Producer defined 2011 2021 date: yyyy Species Plant species from underwhich resin was placed. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Individual Tag number for individual plant Producer defined 1 2000 integer number Status Status of plant Producer defined A textual description for the general health status of the plant within the plot, alive or dead. Site_Info_Data This data table represents the site details for the experimental design. The purpose of this data table is to define commonly used abbreviations and site codes that are relevant to different types of project analyses. Producer defined SiteKey A unique site identifier for the field sampling site. Numbered 1-36 and 40-44 (these sites are within National Parks) and letters are short codes used as a site identifier for the general location of the plots (BA - RR). Producer defined BA Beef Basin A Producer defined BB Beef Basin B Producer defined BC Beef Basin C Producer defined CA Canyonlands Airport Producer defined CV Castle Valley Producer defined DH Dead Horse Producer defined FC First Cisco Producer defined GP Gray’s Pasture Producer defined HC Headquarters Producer defined IM ISKY Maintenance Producer defined JH J House Producer defined KL Kirby Lane Producer defined MB Mineral Bottom Producer defined NE Needles Exclosure Producer defined NH Near Hart’s Draw Producer defined NR Needles Residence Producer defined OA Outside Airport Producer defined OI Outside ISKY Producer defined ON Outside Needles Producer defined OR Overlook road Producer defined RR River Road Producer defined Easting Eastward-measured distance (or the x-coordinate), UTM, 12N, NAD83 Producer defined 600766.4 643153.2 meters Northing Northward-measured distance (or the y-coordinate), UTM, 12N, NAD83 Producer defined 4201179.9 4311255.5 meters Elevation Distance above mean sea level where the field sampling site is located. Attribute values were determined using a GPS receiver (unknown model and accuracy). Producer defined 1265 1950 meters Ownership Owner of the land where the field sampling site is located. Attribute values were determined by an expert selecting the site and confirmed using land ownership base maps. Producer defined BLM Bureau of Land Management Producer defined NPS National Park Service Producer defined Private Private land Producer defined State State of Utah Producer defined Target_1 First plant species targeted for monitoring. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Target_2 Second plant species targeted for monitoring. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Target_3 Third plant species targeted for monitoring. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Target_4 Fourth plant species targeted for monitoring. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Parent_Material Rock parent material from which soil developed Producer defined a textual description of the parent material (rock) at the data collection point, Sandstone or Shale Soil_Texture_0-10cm Soil texture classification down to 10 centimeters (0-10cm) Producer defined A textual description of the soil texture classification at the data collection point, Clay Loam, Fine Sand, Fine Sandy Loam, Loam, Loamy Fine Sand, Sandy Loam, Very Fine Sandy Loam. Attribute values were determined by an expert selecting site and confirmed using the Web Soil Survey from https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/. Depth Depth of soil to bedrock Producer defined a general description of the soil depth at the data collection point, Deep or Shallow Soil_Chemistry_Texture_Data This data table represents soil chemistry and texture data that was analyzed by the from Brigham Young University (BYU) Environmental Analytical Lab. Data was either from inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy measurement (columns starting with ICP), calculate parts per million (columns starting ppm), or soil texture fractionation (%). The purpose of this data table is to explore differences in soil chemistry and texture across sites and between treatments from a single point in time. Producer defined PlotKey Unique ID for the plot that includes a site identifier and treatment type Producer defined a unique plot identifier that inclues the number of the plot (01 - 44), a site identifier (BA - RR), and the type of treatement (C = control or S = shelter) Date_Collected Date when soil samples were collected Producer defined 8/18/2009 6/4/2010 date: dd/mm/yyyy Depth_cm Depth collected from the soil surface (0) down in centimeters Producer defined 0.5 10 centimeters Replicate Number of samples collected for each site/treatment/depth Producer defined Number of samples collected for each site/treatment/depth, 1 of 2 or 2 of 2. ICP_ppm Ca Calcium Producer defined 1132 268100 parts per million ICP_ppm Cu Copper Producer defined 0 44.66 parts per million ICP_ppm Fe Iron Producer defined 222.04 32966.5 parts per million ICP_ppm K Potassium Producer defined 339.64 16079 parts per million ICP_ppm Mg Magnesium Producer defined 161.84 22498 parts per million ICP_ppm Mn Manganese Producer defined 7.434 1166.2 parts per million ICP_ppm Na Sodium Producer defined 0.434 2314.55 parts per million ICP_ppm P Phosphorus Producer defined 8.19 1982.05 parts per million ICP_ppm S Sulpher Producer defined 12.054 21966 parts per million ICP_ppm Zn Zinc Producer defined 1.554 141.9425 parts per million ICP_ppm Al Aluminum Producer defined 0 406 parts per million ICP_ppm As Arsenic Producer defined 0 52.185 parts per million ICP_ppm Ba Barium Producer defined 14.854 1201.9 parts per million ICP_ppm Cd Cadmium Producer defined 0 15.61 parts per million ICP_ppm Co Cobalt Producer defined 0.098 21.35 parts per million ICP_ppm Cr Cromium Producer defined 2.814 75.985 parts per million ICP_ppm Mo Molybdenum Producer defined 0 9.675 parts per million ICP_ppm Ni Nickle Producer defined 0.196 28.098 parts per million ICP_ppm Pb Lead Producer defined 0 43.33 parts per million ICP_ppm Se Selenium Producer defined 0 3.864 parts per million ICP_ppm Si Silica Producer defined -31.01 630.35 parts per million ICP_ppm Sr Strontium Producer defined 2.1 551.95 parts per million ICP_ppm Ti Titanium Producer defined 0 494.9 parts per million ICP_ppm V Vandium Producer defined 0 1.5925 parts per million ppm P Phosphorus Producer defined 0.085521252 36.31198817 parts per million ppm K-av available Potassium Producer defined 9.6 336 parts per million ppm Zn Zinc Producer defined 0.0124 5.696 parts per million ppm Fe Iron Producer defined 0.5072 21.38 parts per million ppm Mn Manganese Producer defined 0.1764 34.18 parts per million ppm Cu Copper Producer defined 0.107 2.122 parts per million ppm Ca-EX Exchangeable Calcium Producer defined 557.6 35640 parts per million ppm Mg-EX exchangeable Magnesium Producer defined 19.328 675 parts per million ppm K-EX exchangeable potassium Producer defined 29.38 521.4 parts per million ppm Na-EX exchangable sodium Producer defined 0.002 369.8 parts per million ppm total N total nitrogen Producer defined 5.5 1834.5 parts per million Very_Coarse Very coarse sand size (>1 to <2 millimeter) Producer defined 0 6.56 percent of sand fraction Coarse Coarse sand size (>0.5 to <1 millimeter) Producer defined 0 13.56 percent of sand fraction Medium Medium sand size (>0.25 to <0.5 millimeter) Producer defined 0.56 27.24 percent of sand fraction Fine Fine sand size (>0.1 to <0.25 millimeter) Producer defined 6.4 66.86 percent of sand fraction Very_Fine Very fine sand size (>0.5 to <0.1 millimeter) Producer defined 0 40.5 percent of sand fraction Silt Percent of soil sample of the particle size class of "silt" (0.002 to 0.05 millimeter) Producer defined 2.08 56.44 percent Clay Percent of soil sample of the particle size class of "clay" (<0.002 millimeter) Producer defined 3.12 41.84 percent Sand Percent of soil sample of the particle size class of "sand" (0.05 to 2.0 millimeter) Producer defined 27.44 91.44 percent Soil_Moisture_Data This data table represents average daily volumetric soil moisture and temperature as recorded by in situ Decagon EC-5 probe and Campbell Scientific 109 probes. The purpose of this data table is document variations in soil moisture and temperature through time, between experimental treatments, and across sites. Producer defined Date Date of the soil moisture measurement Producer defined 4/22/2010 7/14/2022 date:mm/dd/yyyy Number Unique number for each plot location. Producer defined 1 44 integer number Treatment The type of drought treatment Producer defined Control Non-droughted treatment plot Producer defined Shelter Droughted treatment plot Producer defined Sensor The type of sensor located in the plot Producer defined Temp Temperature sensor that provides measurements in degrees C Producer defined VWC Volumetric water content sensor Producer defined Value Average value of a given sensor over a given date. Temperature sensor min value = -13.78220125, max value = 46.72585917 and volumetric water content sensor min value = 0.000000587, max value = 0.686610658. Producer defined -13.78220125 46.72585917 integer number Species_List_Data This data table represents a translation of cover category codes from vegetation cover table, plant mortality, and foliar isotopes. The purpose of this table is to enable to data users to link more recent plant nomenclature from a standard source (USDA Plants Database) to the plant names used during data collection. Producer defined USDAplants_Code Standardized information about the vascular plants, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens of the U.S. and its territories U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Cover_Category Category of vegetation (alive/green) or ground cover Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Description Taxonomic name of species or description of ground cover Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Vegetation_Cover_Data This data table represents vegetation and ground cover in response to experimental drought. The purpose of this table is to show over time any changes in various cover categories. Producer defined PlotKey Unique ID for the plot that includes a site identifier and treatment type Producer defined a unique plot identifier that inclues the number of the plot (01 - 44), a site identifier (BA - RR), and the type of treatement (C = control or S = shelter) Date Date of the vegetation cover measurement Producer defined 7/28/2010 5/2/2022 date: mm/dd/yyyy Cover_Category Category of vegetation (alive/green) or ground cover Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Average_Cover Occular estimate of observed plant cover. Producer defined 0.25 96.25 percent GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The author(s) of these data request that data users contact them regarding intended use and to assist with understanding limitations and interpretation. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This file contains data available in comma-separated values (csv) format. The user must have software capable of displaying the tabular data tables. 20230404 Erika L Geiger U.S. Geological Survey Supervisory Biologist mailing and physical

2290 S West Resource Blvd

Moab UT 84532 United States 928-556-7559 egeiger@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998