Condon, L.A. Coates, P.S. 20240119 tabular digital data (CSV) Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P98JBYVT Lea A. Condon Roger Rosentreter Kari E. Veblen Peter S. Coates 202403 publication n/a Elsevier BV ppg. 116783 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116783 The data were collected at Morley Nelson, Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA) where known grazing regimes, including the season of grazing, have been in practice for the last 30 years. Surveyed plots were placed to account for intensity of grazing and to avoid confounding disturbances. Data were collected on the morphogroups of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) found within the NCA, and include measurements on soils related to texture, carbon, nitrogen and the abundance of soil aggregating cyanobacteria in the soil. These data were collected to assess if possible interactions between season of grazing and soil texture affect the susceptibility of morphogroups of biocrusts to trampling by cattle. 20190501 20190831 ground condition Complete None planned Birds of Prey National Conservation Area, Idaho -116.3232 -115.9167 43.3811 43.0649 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota farming USGS Thesaurus mosses lichens botany vascular plants community ecology biological soil crusts ecology soil sciences None soil texture BLM AIM data cyanobacteria sagebrush ecosystem National Canservation Lands Rangeland Administration System USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:63c19762d34e92aad3d066eb None Idaho Great Basin Birds of Prey National Conservation Area None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Questions pertaining to appropriate use or assistance with understanding limitations or interpretation of the data are to be directed to the individuals/organization listed in the Point of Contact section. U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Data Manager mailing and physical

3020 State University Drive, Modoc Hall, Suite 4004

Sacramento CA 95687 United States 279-782-0904 gs-b-werc_data_management@usgs.gov U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Boise State University, U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Data were checked for incomplete surveys. Incomplete surveys were excluded from the dataset. Cover values were measured at the quadrat extent, then all 3 quadrats within a bin were averaged. Because values are averaged, they may not add up to 100 for each row. Vulpia octoflora was recorded in some surveys, but at very low levels. The authors did not find its presence significant to their analysis, and are excluding the measurements from this dataset. No horizontal accuracy report was conducted. No vertical accuracy report was conducted. Bureau of Land Management 20221108 tabular digital data https://gbp-blm-egis.hub.arcgis.com/pages/aim Digital and/or Hardcopy 20221108 Dataset is updated annually. Publication date is date of the last update. Accessed 2021. AIM Provided location to conduct surveys. Measured cover of plant functional groups and biocrust morphogroups using quadrat and point-vertex intercept method. Transects were 2 kilometers in length. Four bins in each transect were surveyed with three quadrats per bin. Quadrats were 0.25 squared meters. Cover was assessed with point-intercepts at 25 points. Conducted soil chemical and textural analyses. Surveyed grazing intensity by measuring cow pie density. Soil stability was measured using a soil slake test, which is to submerge soil samples in water and observe the soil sample stays together or falls apart. To measure microtopography, technicians laid a chain with measurements in the quadrat parallel to the transect and the length of the chain within the quadrat was recorded. More topographic variance within the quadrat would correspond to a longer distance recorded. Soil samples were also taken in the field and brought back to the lab for testing. We used the moistened soil method defined (Johansen et al., 2021), which involves saturating soil in distilled water and keeping the sample in controlled conditions. We tested for the amount of cyanobacteria present at 24, 48 and 168 hours. Soil was also tested for quantities of nitrogen and carbon using an automated CHN analyzer, which uses gas chromatography to measure the amount of carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, and water vapor are released from the sample (Keeny and Nelson, 1982; McGeehan and Naylor, 1988). Soil texture was determined via the hydrometer method (Day 1965), which involves mixing soil with distilled water, then using a hydrometer to determine the particle-size distribution of the sample at multiple time intervals. References cited Day, P.R., 1965. Hydrometer Method of Particle Size Analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis, American Society of Agronomy, 9, pp. 562-563. Johansen J.R., Britton C., Rosati T.C., Xuesong L., St. Clair L.L., Webb B.L., Kennedy A.J., and Yanko K.S., 2001. Microbiotic crusts of the Mojave Desert: factors influencing distribution and abundance. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte, Bein 123, pp. 341-372 Keeney, D.R. and Nelson, D.W., 1982. Nitrogen in organic forms. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, 9, pp. 643-698. McGeehan, S.L., and Naylor, D.V., 1988. Automated instrumental analysis of carbon and nitrogen in plant and soil samples. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 19(4), 493-505. AIM 20190831 Morphogroups of Biocrusts by SoG.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Sample Unique sample ID. Producer Defined unique ID given to each sample Gravel Percent ground covered by gravel within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 7.666666667 Litter Percent ground cover by litter within a quadrat. Producer Defined 1.666666667 29.66666667 Rock Percent ground cover by rock within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 11.33333333 ID Site identifier. Producer Defined BA Bruneau Arm Producer defined SF2 Sunnyside Spring Fall 2 Producer defined SF3 Sunnyside Spring Fall 3 Producer defined SS Sinco Producer defined SW2 Sunnyside Winter 2 Producer defined SW3 Sunnyside Winter 3 Producer defined Transect Transect number. Transects were 2 kilometers in length. Four bins in each transect were surveyed with three quadrats per bin. Producer Defined 1 3 Bin Bin number. Producer Defined 1 4 Gray_Cattle_Dung Counts within a belt transect that is 120 meters squared of cattle scat that is gray in color and thought to be greater than 1 year old. Producer Defined 0 27 Brown_Cattle_Dung Counts within a belt transect that is 120 meters squared of cattle scat that is brown in color and thought to be less than 1 year old. Producer Defined 0 14 StbMin Minimum soil stability estimate. Values are unit-less, however higher numbers represent higher stability. Producer Defined 0 6 StbMax Maximum soil stability estimate. Values are unit-less, however higher numbers represent higher stability. Producer Defined 5 6 StbAvg Average soil stability estimate. Values are unit-less, however higher numbers represent higher stability. Producer Defined 2.28 6.0 StbMed Median soil stability estimate. Values are unit-less, however higher numbers represent higher stability. Producer Defined 1.25 6.0 StbSD Standard deviation of soil stability estimate. Values are unit-less. Producer Defined 0.0 1.41 minChain The minimum lengths of chain when measuring microtopography. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 23.5 29.85 maxChain The maximum lengths of chain Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 27.94 30.48 meanChain The mean lengths of chain Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 25.62 29.85 medianChain The median lengths of chain Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 24.77 29.85 sdChain The standard deviation of chain lengths Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 2.64 SoG_code season of grazing Producer Defined 0 Spring, Fall Producer defined 1 Winter Producer defined AUMSuspended Number of animal unit months (AUMs) suspended within an allotment. AUMs are a measure of forage availability, and are used to permit and bill livestock usage. Producer Defined 0 9 Micro24 Cyanobacteria quantified after 24 hours under saturated conditions. Producer Defined 0.0 6.5 Micro48 Cyanobacteria quantified after 48 hours under saturated conditions. Producer Defined 0.0 12.0 Micro168 Cyanobacteria quantified after 168 hours under saturated conditions. Producer Defined 0.0 30.33 NH4_N_ppm The ammonium content of the soil. Producer Defined 5.2 26.1 NO3_N_ppm The nitrate content of the soil. Producer Defined 4.2 132.0 t_N_ppm Total amount of nitrogen in the soil. Producer Defined 582 4735 t_C_ppm Total amount of carbon in the soil. Producer Defined 5544 50405 C_N_ratio Carbon to nitrogen ratio in the soil. Producer Defined 8.6 14.8 X_Sand Percent sand (soil texture). Producer Defined 22.5 89.4 X_Clay Percent clay (soil texture). Producer Defined 2.8 19.1 X_Silt Percent silt (soil texture). Producer Defined 7.7 66.4 BrCrustose Percent ground cover by brown crustose lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 2.333333333 BrScale Percent ground cover by brown scale lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 1.333333333 CupLichen Percent ground cover by cup lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 4.333333333 DAC Percent ground cover by dark algal crust (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 2.333333333 Fruticose Percent ground cover by fruticose lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 Gelatinous Percent ground cover by gelatinous lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 0.666666667 GyCrustose Percent ground cover by gray crustose lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 2.333333333 LAC Percent ground cover by light algal crust (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 11.0 StMoss Percent ground cover by short moss (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 8.0 TlMoss Percent ground cover by tall moss (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 11.33333333 WhCrustose Percent ground cover by white crustose lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 3.0 WhScale Percent ground cover by white scale lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 0.333333333 YwCrustose Percent ground cover by yellow crustose lichen (biocrust morphogroup) within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 3.0 Annual_Herb Percent ground cover by annual herbaceous plant species within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 19.0 Bare Percent bare ground cover within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 18.0 Brotec Percent ground cover by Bromus tectorum within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 17.33333333 CrestedWheatgrass Percent ground cover by crested wheatgrass within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 9.0 PerGra Percent ground cover by perennial grass species within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 2.333333333 ShPerGra Percent ground cover by shallow-rooted perennial grasses within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 10.66666667 Shrub Percent ground cover by shrub within a quadrat. Producer Defined 0.0 19.66666667 GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. CSV https://doi.org/10.5066/P98JBYVT None 20240329 Lea A. Condon Biologist mailing and physical

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Reno NV 89512 775-771-2808 lcondon@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999