Randi C Lupardus Michael C Duniway 20230828 tabular data Flagstaff, AZ U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originators: Lupardus, Randi, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-8997; Duniway, Michael C, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785 https://doi.org/10.5066/P94V65T8 Randi Lupardus Aarin Sengsirirak Keven Griffen Anna C Knight Brandon E McNellis John B Bradford Seth M Munson Sasha C Reed Miguel L Villarreal Michael C Duniway 2023 journal manuscript Wiley Online Library Land Degradation and Development https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4856 These data were compiled to assess the recovery of vegetation on reclaimed oil and gas sites. Objective(s) of our study were to assess patterns in reclamation outcomes relative to 1) soil attributes, climate, and time since 39 reclamation and 2) plant and soil reference benchmarks. These data represent observations of vegetation and soil cover from 134 reclaimed oil and gas well pads and 583 AIM reference plots. These data were collected on lands impacted by oil and gas development on the Colorado Plateau as well as Arizona and New Mexico Plateau of New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. Data was collected from July- September of 2020 and May-September of 2021. These data were collected by Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) certified field crews using field observations and AIM methods. These data can be used to estimate plant community recovery on reclaimed oil and gas pads. The purpose of these data are to monitor potential changes in vegetation and soil cover to indicate recovery of reclaimed oil and gas sites with time since reclamation. These data were collected/created to allow for the comparison of reclaimed well pads with reference sites of similar climate and soil characteristics. Future researchers can also use these data to set benchmarks for reclamation and compare rates of change in vegetation and soil indicators across other drylands systems, especially within the greater Colorado Plateau region. These datasets all include error and must be used accordingly. The Ecological Site Group (ESG) raster used is a combination of two maps: The soil geomorphic unit (SGU) map, which had an overall validation accuracy of 57.4% for the most probable predicted class and 82% of validation sites had a correct prediction within the top three predicted classes; and the climate raster with a ~1km resolution. For more information see Nauman and Duniway (2021). If the ESG and associated benchmark data are used for purposes outside the current research, the user should field check the sites for absolute accuracy. The raster data are a best estimate of the likely conditions at a site, and the data should be used based on that assumption. Vegetation species lists were compiled from observations made within designated plots and should not be considered a complete list of all potential species present over the study area. Species and indicator cover values represent point measurements from specific times and places without replication on the site. These field data are specific to the identified uses and any other use of these data would be inappropriate. Data users should read each metadata record and acquire the manuscript identified as the ‘Larger Work Citation’ and any manuscripts identified as ‘Cross Reference' to have a complete understanding of how these data were created and used. The data are specific to the uses identified above, as described in the ‘Larger Work Citation’, and any other use of these data would be inappropriate. See 'Distribution liability' statements for more information. 2020 2021 ground condition Complete None planned -111.116499 -107.103 40.996793 36.009304 USGS Thesaurus atmospheric and climatic processes biogeography field inventory and monitoring field methods field sampling land use and land cover plants (organisms) plot sampling remediation soil resources vegetation USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:63b89b83d34e92aad3cc7d19 USGS information products data release ISO 19115 Topic Categories biota climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere environment geoscientificInformation None AIM reference plots Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) climate field observations line point intercept measurement percent cover plant community recovery reclaimed oil and gas well sites soil cover species cover time periods Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Colorado Colorado Plateau New Mexico Utah None Arizona and New Mexico Plateau Four Corners Region none none Michael C Duniway U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region Research Ecologist mailing address

2290 S West Resource Blvd

Moab UT 84532 US 928-556-7530 mduniway@usgs.gov This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. We are grateful to the hard work by our USGS field technicians Nikita Daly, Savannah Wilson, Justin Caggiano, Vince Almeroth, Azad Vojdani, Hannah Johnson, Gavin Belfry, as well as Sean Di Stefano and the BLM field office staff, including David Baird, Heather Perry, James Byers, Lindsey Freitag, and James Roberts. Colby Brungard Travis Nauman Mike Duniway Kari Veblen Kyle Nehring David White Shawn Salley Julius Anchang 2021 ScienceDirect (online) Geoderma https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.114998 Jeffrey E. Herrick Justin W. Van Zee Sarah E. McCord Ericha M. Courtright Jason W. Karl Laura M. Burkett 2017 USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range (online) USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range https://doi.org/XXXX Sarah E. McCord Joseph R. Brehm Sarah H. Burnett Chris Dietrich Brandon Edwards Loretta J. Metz Mariano Hernandez-Narvaez Fred Pierson Kelly S. Ramirez Nelson G. Stauffer Nicholas P. Webb Craig E. Tweedie 2022 Elsevier (ScienceDirect) Ecological Indicators https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109511 Sarah E. McCord Joseph R. Brehm Sarah H. Burnett Chris Dietrich Brandon Edwards Mariano Hernandez-Narvaez Emily Kachergis Loretta J. Metz Fred Pierson Kelly S. Ramirez Nelson G. Stauffer Nicholas P. Webb Craig E. Tweedie 2022 GitHub (online) GitHub https://github.com/Landscape-Data-Commons/terradactyl Travis W. Nauman Samuel S. Burch Joel T. Humphries Anna C. Knight Michael C. Duniway 2021 Wiley Onlie Library Soil Science Society of America Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20080 Travis W. Nauman Michael C. Duniway 2020 ScienceDirect (online) Rangeland Ecology & Management https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2021.11.003 Jari Oksanen and 32 others 2022 The Comprehensive R Archive Network (online) The Comprehensive R Archive Network https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/index.html RStudio Team 2020 Boston, MA RStudio, PBC http://www.rstudio.com/ No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Travis W Nauman and Michael C Duniway 2020 raster data Flagstaff, AZ U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SK0DO2 digital raster data 20200101 20201231 publication date Clay content, Depth to top of first restrictive layer, Electrical conductivity (salinity), Rock content (>2mm), Sand content Contribution of the Input Data: These data provided comprehensive gridded 30 meter resolution soil properties of the plots, which were used to match well pads with reference sites and to assess soil differences in reclamation success due to geologic and geomorphic settings. These data provided data values m for the Clay, Depth Class, Salinity, Rock, Sand attributes. Travis W Nauman and Michael C Duniway 2021 raster data Flagstaff, AZ U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P92OPRMV digital raster data 20210101 20211231 publication date SGU and ESG Data: Contribution of the Input Data: This data release includes maps characterizing soil geomorphic units (SGUs), climate zones, and ecological site groups (ESGs) that classify landscapes by ecological potential and behavior. The SGU (SGU_1st_Class.zip) data were used in the planning and data collection phases to stratify sites by climate and soil settings and to ensure an adequate sampling size across the range of settings. The ESG data were used to categorize reclaimed well pads and reference plots by ESG. Indicator data was used to categorize reference sites by ESG and to create benchmarks or targets for reclamation. Well pad indicator data was then compared against the ESG benchmarks. Robert Zomer and Antonio Trabucco 2022 raster data figshare (online) CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information (CGIAR-CSI) https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7504448.v4 digital raster data 19700101 20201231 publication date Global-Aridity Global-Aridity_ET0 Contribution of the Input Data: These data provided aridity index data which was extracted from the Global Aridity Index (AI) Climate Database and converted to Aridity. Development of the Indicator Data and Site Details Data tables: Vegetation composition, structure, and cover data were collected on 134 plugged and abandoned oil and gas pads (PAD) across the Colorado Plateau. Data were collected using methods compatible with the BLM Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) program, including line-point intercept (LPI), species inventories, plant height, and canopy gap measurements (Herrick et al. 2017). Data were collected during field visits and were scribed on data sheets, scanned to a digital file, and entered into an electronic database. AIM reference data (REF) for comparison were extracted from the AIM data Portal (https://aim.landscapetoolbox.org/aim-publicdata/). Data were cleaned (QAQC), and processed, then summarized using RStudio (RStudio, 2022). Indicators were selected based upon common usage in reclamation assessments and were calculated using the ‘terradactyl’ package (McCord et al. 2022). Our indicators were categorized into plant community metrics (species richness, perennial richness, noxious richness, Shannon diversity, Pielou’s evenness), plant structure and cover (woody species height, herbaceous species height, canopy gaps greater than 100cm or 200cm, total foliar cover, bare soil cover), and plant functional group cover (introduced perennial cover, introduced annual cover, native annual cover, perennial herbaceous cover, woody cover). Six explanatory variables (sand, rock, clay, salinity, depth class, and aridity) were chosen to represent the range of climate and soil characteristics sampled and hypothesized to govern site recovery. Aridity Index data were extracted from the Global Aridity Index (AI) Climate Database and converted to Aridity (Zomer and Trabucco 2022). We used recently published 30-m pixel predictive digital soil maps (Nauman and Duniway 2021) to represent selected soil variables at the pads and Ref sites. For each site, we extracted values of percent sand, rock, and clay (indicators of texture) and electrical conductivity (EC, proxy for salinity), for the top 15 cm of the soil column, and used the same approach to extract predictions of soil depth class to estimate depth to root or water restrictive layer. 2022 Development of the Species Data table: This table contains species cover data for all plant species observed on reclaimed well pads (PAD) and AIM reference plots (REF). For the PAD sites, species cover data was collected on 134 plugged and abandoned oil and gas pads. Data were collected using methods compatible with the BLM Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) program, including line-point intercept (LPI) (Herrick et al. 2017). Data that were collected during field visits were scribed on data sheets, scanned to a digital file, and entered into an electronic database. AIM reference data (REF) for comparison were extracted from the AIM data Portal (https://aim.landscapetoolbox.org/aim-publicdata/). Species data were cleaned (QAQC), and processed, then summarized using RStudio (RStudio, 2022). 2022 Data Quality Assessment and Quality Control (QAQC): Quality Assurance (QA) - Data were checked by multiple technicians, including the field crew leads, for recording errors and then reviewed by experts, including Randi Lupardus (data author), for quality assurance. Data analyses, results, and interpretation were conducted by Randi Lupardus and reviewed by Mike Duniway and other coauthors. Physical data files are backed up and stored in a secondary location at a USGS facility and electronic files are backed up in three locations. Quality Control (QC) - We ensured data met the following quality criteria goals 1) clear communication among team members; 2) appropriate sample design; 3) training of data collectors, data managers, and data users; 4) observer and sensor calibration; and 5) active data management. Quality assurance and quality control were an ongoing process throughout the project to help researchers identify, prevent, and correct errors in monitoring data. 2022 Finalize Data for Dissemination: Data sent to the Southwest Biological Science Center Data Steward for dissemination and preservation per USGS Data Management Policies SM 502.6, SM 502.7, SM 502.8 and SM 502.9 (1 October 2016). 2023 Indicator_Data This data table represents plant community metrics, plant cover and structure, and plant functional group cover variables, for each well pad site or reference plot. The purpose of this data table is to provide the plant height and percent cover, soil surface covered gaps, and species diversity and evenness values for each plot. Producer defined ID This attribute (column name) in the data table represents a unique identifier for the gas well pad or AIM reference plot. Producer defined A descriptive code to identify a gas well pad or AIM reference plot Herbaceous_Height This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the average height in centimeters of herbaceous plants in the plot, from total of 30 measurements (Estimated using Height Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 0 57.4 centimeters Woody_Height This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the average height in centimeters of woody plants in the plot, from total of 30 measurements (Estimated using Height Method; Herrick et al. 2017) Producer defined 0 939.97 centimeters Canopy_Gaps_100 This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percentage of the plot's soil surface covered by gaps between plant canopies that are greater than 100 cm in size (Estimated using Canopy Gap Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 0 99.73 percent Canopy_Gaps_200 This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percentage of the plot's soil surface covered by gaps between plant canopies that are greater than 200 cm in size (Estimated using Canopy Gap Method; Herrick et al. 2017) Producer defined 0 97.29 percent Total_Foliar_Cover This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent cover, estimated using the proportion of foliar cover calculated using the proportion of line point intercept (LPI) hits where rooted foliar cover was encountered (Estimated using Line Point Intercept Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 0 100.01 percent cover Bare_Soil_Cover This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent cover, estimated using the proportion of LPI hits without foliar cover, litter, rocks, or biological soil crusts (Estimated using Line Point Intercept Method; Herrick et al. 2017) . Producer defined 0 90 percent cover Intro_Perennial_Ccover This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent cover, estimated using the proportion of LPI hits where one or more introduced perennial species (forbs and grasses) were encountered (Estimated using Line Point Intercept Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 0 43.33 percent cover Native_Annual_Cover This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent cover, estimated using the proportion of LPI hits where one or more native annuals (forbs and grasses) were encountered (Estimated using Line Point Intercept Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 0 43.33 percent cover Intro_Annual_Cover This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent cover, estimated using the proportion of LPI hits where one or more introduced annuals (forbs and grasses) were encountered (Estimated using Line Point Intercept Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Includes noxious species. Producer defined 0 78.67 percent cover Woody_Cover This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent cover, estimated using the proportion of woody plants in the plot. (Estimated using Line Point Intercept; Herrick et al. 2017). Does not include noxious species. Producer defined 0 75.33 percent cover Perennial_Herb_Cover This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent cover, estimated using the proportion of LPI hits where one or more perennial species (forbs and grasses) were encountered (Estimated using Line Point Intercept Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 0 84 percent cover Non-cover_Richness This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the count of plant species found in the entire plot area during a timed search (Estimated using Species Inventory; Herrick et al. 2017); no associated cover values. Producer defined 3 77 integer number Species_Richness This attribute (column name) in the data table represents count of plant species with a percent cover value in the plot (Estimated using Line Point Intercept Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 1 40 integer number Noxious_Richness This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the count of noxious plant species found in the entire plot area during a timed search (Estimated using Species Inventory Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 0 5 integer number Perennial_Richness This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the count of perennial plant species found in the entire plot area during a timed search (Estimated using Species Inventory Method; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 1 67 integer number Shannon_Diversity This attribute (column name) in the data table represents a unitless measure of species diversity in a community, calculated using the ‘vegan’ package in R (Oksanen et al. 2022). Producer defined 0 3.070405 unitless Pielou_Evenness This attribute (column name) in the data table represents a unitless measure of species evenness in a community, calculated using the ‘vegan’ package in R (Oksanen et al. 2022). Producer defined 0 0.989689 unitless Site_Details_Data This data table represents relevant site details, including abiotic site characteristics. The purpose of this data table is to provide the location, date of sampling, BLM field offices, soil geomorphic unit, ecological site groups, time period, aridity values and categories, and various soil content variables for each plot. Producer defined ID This attribute (column name) in the data table represents a unique identifier for the gas well pad or AIM reference plot. For the PAD sites it is the 10 digit American petroleum institute (API) number and for the REF it is a unique identifier based on a Primarykey, which is a combination of AIM plot name and date. Producer defined A descriptive code to identify a gas well pad or AIM reference plot Site_Type This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the type of site. Producer defined PAD Reclaimed pad Producer defined REF AIM reference plot Producer defined Latitude This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the angular distance of the location of a point on the earth's surface, usually measured in degrees north or south of the equator. Producer defined 36.009304 40.996793 decimal degrees Longitude This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the angular distance of the location of a point on the earth's surface, usually measured in degrees east or west of the Greenwich prime meridian. Producer defined -111.116499 -107.103 decimal degrees Year_Sampled This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the year data was collected. Producer defined 2020 2021 integer number Admin_Unit This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the categorial grouping of BLM field offices by State. Producer defined CO Colorado Producer defined NM New Mexico Producer defined UT Utah Producer defined Field_Office This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the name of BLM field office encompassing the well pad or reference plot. Producer defined COGJ Grand Junction, Colorado Producer defined Farmington Farmington, New Mexico Producer defined Vernal Vernal, Utah Producer defined WRLSK Little Snake and White River, Colorado Producer defined Soil_Type This attribute (column name) in the data table represents generalized soil categories extracted from 30-m predictive maps of soil geomorphic units (Nauman and Duniway 2021). Producer defined Rocky Deep Rocky, Outcrops, Sandy Bottoms, Shallow, Very Shallow (see Nauman and Duniway 2021 for descriptions of these soil geomorphic unit (SGU) names) Producer defined Salt Desert Saline Bottoms, Saline Hills, and Saline Uplands (see Nauman and Duniway 2021 for descriptions of these soil geomorphic unit (SGU) names) Producer defined Uplands Clay Uplands, Finer Uplands, Loamy Uplands, Sandy Uplands (see Nauman and Duniway 2021 for descriptions of these soil geomorphic unit (SGU) names) Producer defined ESG This attribute (column name) in the data table represents ecological site group (ESG) categories extracted from 30-m predictive maps of ecological site groups (Nauman and Duniway 2021), based on NRCS ecological sites (https://edit.jornada.nmsu.edu/) with similar kinds of vegetation and ecological dynamics, differentiated by climate, soils, and topography. Producer defined Arid Warm - Deep Rocky The Arid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values less than 0.144 and an average maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXT) greater than 25 degrees celsius (C). Land unit with rocky soils that are not shallow. Producer defined Arid Warm - Finer Uplands, Clay Uplands The Arid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values less than 0.144 and an average maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXT) greater than 25 degrees celsius (C). Land unit with moderately fine soil textures, deeper soils, and low rock content or with high clay soils with minimal rock content and non-shallow soils. Producer defined Arid Warm - Saline Bottoms, Bottoms The Arid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values less than 0.144 and an average maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXT) greater than 25 degrees celsius (C). Land unit that receives extra moisture beyond ambient precipitation that has saline soils or has non-saline and finer textured soils. Producer defined Arid Warm - Saline Hills The Arid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values less than 0.144 and an average maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXT) greater than 25 degrees celsius (C). Land unit with high salinity in soils that often forms badland hills. Producer defined Arid Warm - Saline Uplands The Arid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values less than 0.144 and an average maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXT) greater than 25 degrees celsius (C). Land unit with moderately saline soils. Producer defined Arid Warm - Sandy Uplands, Loamy Uplands The Arid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values less than 0.144 and an average maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXT) greater than 25 degrees celsius (C). Land unit with deeper sandy soils and minimal rock content or loamy and deep soils with minimal rock content. Producer defined Arid Warm - Shallow The Arid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values less than 0.144 and an average maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXT) greater than 25 degrees celsius (C). Land unit with non-saline shallow soils. Producer defined Arid Warm - Very Shallow The Arid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values less than 0.144 and an average maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXT) greater than 25 degrees celsius (C). Land unit with non-saline very shallow soils. Producer defined Outcrops Land unit dominated by bedrock outcrops. Producer defined Semiarid Cool - Clay Uplands The Semiarid-Cool zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values less than 25 C. Land unit with soils high and clay with minimal rock content and non-shallow soils. Producer defined Semiarid Cool - Deep Rocky The Semiarid-Cool zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values less than 25 C. Land unit with rocky soils that are not shallow. Producer defined Semiarid Cool - Saline Uplands, Sandy Uplands, Loamy Uplands, Finer Uplands The Semiarid-Cool zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values less than 25 C. Land unit with moderately saline soils or deeper sandy soils and minimal rock content or loamy and deep soils with minimal rock content or moderately fine soil textures, deeper soils, and low rock content. Producer defined Semiarid Cool - Shallow The Semiarid-Cool zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values less than 25 C. Land unit with non-saline shallow soils. Producer defined Semiarid Cool - Very Shallow The Semiarid-Cool zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values less than 25 C. Land unit with non-saline very shallow soils. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Breaks The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Steep and rocky land unit. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Clay Uplands The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit with soils high and clay with minimal rock content and non-shallow soils. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Finer Uplands The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit with moderately fine soil textures, deeper soils, and low rock content. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Saline Bottoms The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit that receives extra moisture beyond ambient precipitation that has saline soils. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Saline Hills The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit with high salinity in soils that often forms badland hills. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Saline Uplands The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit with moderately saline soils. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Sandy Bottoms, Bottoms The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit that receives extra moisture beyond ambient precipitation and has non-saline sandy soils or has non-saline and finer textured soils. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Sandy Uplands, Loamy Uplands The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit with deeper sandy soils and minimal rock content or loamy and deep soils with minimal rock content. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Shallow, Deep Rocky The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit with non-saline shallow soils or rocky soils that are not shallow. Producer defined Semiarid Warm - Very Shallow The Semiarid-Warm zone is defined by aridity index (AI) values greater than 0.144 and MAXT values greater than 25 C. Land unit with non-saline very shallow soils. Producer defined Time This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the number of years from plugging to year of data collection, ranging from 2-21 on PAD sites only (AFMSS; https://reports.blm.gov/reports/AFMSS). Blank cells = data unavailable Producer defined 0 21 years Time_Period This attribute (column name) in the data table represents a categorial grouping of time since reclamation. Blank cells = data unavailable Producer defined A categorial grouping of time: 2-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-20 years since reclamation for PAD sites only. Aridity This attribute (column name) in the data table represents a unitless measure that takes into account annual precipitation (PPT) and annual potential evapotranspiration (PET), calculated here as (1-100*PPT/PET), where larger values are more arid (Zomer and Trabucco 2022) Producer defined 0.6569 0.8815 unitless Aridity_Strata Categorical grouping of aridity data by quartiles. NA = data unavailable Producer defined Q1 highest 25% of aridity values/upper quartile Producer defined Q2_Q3 middle 50% of aritidy values/two quartiles Producer defined Q4 lowest 25% of aridity values/lower quartile Producer defined Depth_Class This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the estimated depth (cm) to restrictive layer (raster data: Nauman and Duniway 2021), grouped into shallow soils (0-50 cm) and deep soils (> 50 cm) as in Brungard et al. (2021). Producer defined deep > 50 centimeters Producer defined shallow 0-50 centimeters Producer defined Clay This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the estimated percent mass total clay content representing percent of < 0.002 mm, sampled from top 15 cm, within the < 2 mm fraction of soil (raster data; Nauman and Duniway 2020). Producer defined 10.1667004 38 percent mass Salinity This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the estimated electrical conductivity in saturated paste (dS m-1) soil, sampled from top 15 cm, within the < 2 mm fraction of soil (raster data; Nauman and Duniway 2020). Producer defined 0.0229606 3.9325399 electrical conductivity Rock This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the estimated percent volume rock fragment soil sampled from top 15 cm, within > 2 mm (raster data; Nauman and Duniway 2020). Producer defined 0.247618 22.4500008 percent volume Sand This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent mass total sand (0.05- 2 mm) content, sampled from top 15 cm, within the < 2 mm fraction of soil (raster data; Nauman and Duniway 2020). Producer defined 16.1667004 71.3332977 percent mass Species_Data This data table represents cover of plant species identified for each well pad site or reference plot (ID) in long format. The purpose of this data table is to represent species cover values for all plant species observed within the vegetation data. The records with percent cover data values (n = 6,984) and “0” percent cover data values (n = 747,300) were analyzed and the results are reported as species richness counts (cover and non-cover) in the associated journal manuscript (see Larger Work Citation). Producer defined ID This attribute (column name) in the data table represents a unique identifier for the gas well pad or AIM reference plot. For the PAD sites it is the 10 digit American petroleum institute (API) number and for the REF it is a unique identifier based on the Primarykey, which is a combination of AIM plot name and date. Producer defined A descriptive code to identify a gas well pad or AIM reference plot Site_Type This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the type of site. Producer defined PAD Reclaimed pad Producer defined REF AIM reference plot Producer defined Species_Code This attribute (column name) in the data table represents a standard plant codes from the USDA Plants Database, composed of the first two letters of the genus and species, plus a number at the end if multiple US plants have the same 4 letter code. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov Percent_Cover This attribute (column name) in the data table represents the percent cover of plant species in the plot (Estimated using Line Point Intercept; Herrick et al. 2017). Producer defined 0.0 76.0 percent cover Species_Lookup These data consist of species codes, scientific names, and functional group descriptions from the USDA Plants database (https://plants.usda.gov/). This data table represents species attributes for all plant species observed within the vegetation data. Species attributes and data values were compiled from the USDA Plants database (https://plants.usda.gov/). The purpose of this data table is to use the species attributes to calculate indicator cover values at each plot with the "terradactyl" package in R (McCord, 2022). THis data table could be used by future researchers, in combination with the species data tables (Species_Data_Cover and Species_Data_Non-Cover), to calculate additional indicators of interest, such as noxious species cover or sagebrush cover. The species lookup table is not a complete list of all species known to exist on the Colorado Plateau, however, it may be used to match thousands of species in other datasets with functional data. Producer defined Species_Code to Noxious These attributes (column names) in the data table represent species attributes from the USDA PLANTS Database. Producer defined USDA PLANTS Database https://plants.usda.gov GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The author(s) of these data request that data users contact them regarding intended use and to assist with understanding limitations and interpretation. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. These files contain data available in comma-separated values (csv) format. The user must have software capable of displaying the data tables. 20230828 Michael C Duniway U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region Research Ecologist mailing address

2290 S West Resource Blvd

Moab UT 84532 US 928-556-7530 mduniway@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998