Matthew Granitto Margaret A. Goldman Keith A. Labay Carma A. San Juan Jaime S. Azain Toni R. Rozinek 20260121 tabular digital data U.S. Geological Survey Data Release DOI: 10.5066/P1FXE9GK Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Granitto, Matthew, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863; Goldman, Margaret, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-6362; Labay, Keith, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190; San Juan, Carma, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919; Azain, Jaime, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-7494; Rozinek, Toni, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-0569. Suggested Citation: Granitto, M., Goldman, M.A., Labay, K.A., San Juan, C.A., Azain, J.S., and Rozinek, T.R., 2025, Geochemical data for rock, sediment, soil, and mineral samples, United States and territories, 1962 to 2023: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1FXE9GK. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1FXE9GK The data set contains geochemical data for 1,524,014 rock, sediment, soil, and mineral samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey within US state, territory or Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) boundaries, and analyzed from 1962 through 2023 either in the analytical laboratories of the Geologic Discipline of the USGS or by contract with commercial analytical laboratories. These data represent analysis of samples collected in support of various USGS programs and projects. Retrievals from the legacy National Geochemical Database (NGDB-Legacy), the USGS Mineral Resources Program laboratory information management system (LIMS), the NURE National Uranium Resource Evaluation-Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance databases (NURE-HSSR), and the Alaska Geochemical Database Version 4.0 (AGDB4) were used to generate a relational database. The tables in the database describe quantitative and qualitative geochemical analyses, including analytical results determined by 108 laboratory and field analytical methods in 25 laboratories. The data provided here are the most complete representation of legacy and new geochemical data collected from rock, sediment, soil, and mineral samples within U.S. state, territory or Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) boundaries by the U.S. Geological Survey. The database was compiled to support timely assessments of critical mineral resources in the United States and a wide variety of geologic and geochemical studies. Database Structure: The database consists of a USGS Data Release data package. Data are contained in 9 tables provided in three formats -- GeoPackage (620.53 MB gpkg.zip), Parquet (283.48 MB parquet.zip), and Esri geodatabase (512.66 MB gdb.zip). The two primary database tables (listed below) contain quantitative analytical results, sample data, field site information, and geologic data. The primary tables are: tbl_geol: Point features of spatial, geologic and descriptive attributes for rock, sediment, soil, and mineral samples; includes records for both original and resubmitted samples. tbl_chem: All chemical data compiled for rock, sediment, soil, and mineral samples. Additional information on sample collection and quantitative results can be found in 7 supplementary tables included in the database (listed below). All table attributes are described in tbl_data_dictionary and this FGDC metadata record (see Entity and Attribute Information). tbl_parameter: Analytical method parameters used to obtain chemical data. tbl_parameter_rank: Analytical method parameters, sorted by species and ranked by preference (best value). tbl_analytic_method: Analytic methods used to obtain chemical data. tbl_analytic_method_biblio: References for analytic methods used to obtain chemical and physical data. tbl_lab_name: Laboratories, agencies or organizations that performed chemical analysis. tbl_geol_biblio: Bibliographic references for rock, sediment, soil and mineral samples; may refer to both original and resubmitted samples. tbl_data_dictionary: Attribute descriptions for all tables in the databases. Data may be extracted from the database to meet specific user needs by constructing user-defined queries. Relationships between database tables are described as follows: Table tbl_geol is linked to table tbl_chem by shared field 'lab_id' in a one-to-many relationship. Table tbl_parameter is linked to table tbl_chem by shared field 'parameter' in a one-to-many relationship. Table tbl_parameter is linked to table tbl_parameter_rank by shared field 'parameter' in a one-to-one relationship. Table tbl_lab_name is linked to table tbl_chem by shared field 'lab_name' in a one-to-many relationship. Table tbl_analytic_method is linked to table tbl_parameter by shared field 'analytic_method' in a one-to-many relationship. Table tbl_analytic_method_biblio is linked to table tbl_analytic_method by shared field 'am_pub_id' in a one-to-many relationship. Table tbl_geol_biblio is a stand-alone table. Samples in the tbl_geol table cannot be directly linked to the publications listed in the tbl_geol_biblio table, but if a user is interested in learning more about a particular set of samples, we recommend looking first in tbl_geol_biblio and using attributes in the tbl_geol table (e.g., date_collect, date_submitted, submitter, project_name, location information) to identify publications that may reference the sample set. In 2016, the Web-Based Sample Submittal System (WBSSS) was released to enable online submission of samples in a more controlled format, resulting in fewer data entry errors. The WBSSS was integrated into a new LabWare LIMS system in 2023, and includes templates and help documents describing expected entries for fields in the LIMS database. To enable better querying of the database provided here, we have included descriptions of values from the WBSSS for select fields in the tbl_geol table. These are listed as enumerated domain values in the entity-attribute section of the metadata. Please be aware that other values may occur in the database since both historical and new geochemical data collections are included. Version and Edition Information: Parts of this database, large and small, have been previously released in various USGS publications, data releases, and as digital data downloads on the USGS Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data (MRDS) website. References to the most recent and significant publicly available data sets of rock, sediment, soil, mineral, and "geologic material" samples are listed in the Lineage section of this metadata. The data in these publications are in a variety of formats that differ from the database presented here. 1962 2023 time period in which the analyses were carried out Complete as needed -179.7466 179.4537 71.5996 -14.1860 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation None Alaska Geochemical Database AGDB Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center GGGSC Mineral Resources Program MRP National Geochemical Database NGDB National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance Program NURE-HSSR U.S. Geological Survey USGS analytical chemistry ash bound or essential water carbon dioxide carbonate carbon organic carbon environmental geochemistry exploration geochemistry ferric iron ferrous iron geochemical data loss on ignition moisture or nonessential water organic sulfur powder density pyritic sulfur rock chemistry sediment chemistry soil chemistry soil pH sulfate sulfide total water ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation USGS Thesaurus bulk density chemical analysis geochemistry igneous rocks metamorphic rocks mineral resources plutonic rocks sedimentary rocks volcanic rocks aluminum antimony arsenic barium beryllium bismuth boron bromine cadmium calcium carbon cerium cesium chlorine chromium cobalt copper dysprosium erbium europium fluorine gadolinium gallium germanium gold hafnium holmium indium iodine iridium iron lanthanum lead lithium lutetium magnesium manganese mercury molybdenum neodymium nickel niobium osmium palladium phosphorus platinum potassium praseodymium rhenium rhodium rubidium ruthenium samarium scandium selenium silicon silver sodium strontium sulfur tantalum tellurium terbium thallium thorium thulium tin titanium tungsten uranium vanadium ytterbium yttrium zinc zirconium USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:63a107a0d34e0de3a1f2795f None Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) American Samoa Common Geographic Areas United States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. possessions and associated areas Virgin Islands of the United States None. None. Margaret A. Goldman U.S. Geological Survey Physical Scientist mailing address

Mail Stop 973, W 6th Ave Kipling St

Lakewood CO 80225 United States 303-236-1727 mgoldman@usgs.gov Agencies contributing to this data set include: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, U.S. Bureau of Mines, and U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The authors acknowledge Steven M. Smith (U.S. Geological Survey, emeritus) for his many years of work on the National Geochemical Database (NGDB) project and on USGS geochemical data in general. His direction, assistance and encouragement throughout the life of this project is much appreciated. The authors also thank him for his technical review of the database and its metadata; his expertise and assistance were invaluable in improving the work. The NGDB rests on the shoulders of many geoscientists, too numerous to mention here. However, this data release would not have been possible without the encouragement and support of David B. Smith, Christine M. Murphy, Steven K. McDanal, Richard M. O'Leary, James G. Crock, Paul J. Lamothe, James R. Budahn, and Joseph E. Taggart, Jr., to name a few. Windows 11 Data compiled from previously published U.S. Geological Survey legacy data sets had been verified prior to publication by the publishers. Following compilation, the data for each attribute were checked for outliers to ensure accuracy of the data. Quality assurance and quality control procedures were utilized and varied over the time of sample processing and analysis. Data from field sample-site duplicates and analytical replicates (splits of a single sample to check laboratory precision) are included in the database. Agency and contract laboratories reporting these analyses used standard reference materials to calibrate their analyses. This data set was derived primarily from the legacy National Geochemical Database (NGDB-Legacy), the U.S. Geological Survey Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center (GGGSC) laboratory information management system (LIMS), the Alaska Geochemical Database Version 4.0 (AGDB4), and the National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance Program (NURE-HSSR). Several other previously published geochemical datasets are also included. These publications are listed in the Lineage section of this metadata. The following criteria were chosen for selecting data for the geologic material sample data set: Each sample must have a unique identifying number, lab_id. Each sample must have latitude and longitude coordinates that plot within US state, territory or Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) boundaries. Each sample must be identified as rock, sediment, soil, mineral or "geologic material" media types. Each analytical or mineralogical determination must be identified by analyte type. Samples identified as processed derivatives of geologic material, such as heavy-mineral concentrates, rock coatings, insoluble residues, weak partial digestions, and most leachates, are not included in the data set. This data set has occurrences where more than one sample was collected at a single sample site. This occurs for several reasons. 1) Samples were resubmitted for further analysis (reanalysis) and are reanalysis duplicates. There are situations in this data set where a single sample was reanalyzed three times yielding four sets of analytical results, identified by group_id. There are 108,419 reanalysis duplicates in this database. 2) Samples at the same site are blind analytical duplicate or replicate samples inserted by the sample submitter or the analytical laboratory. Frequently, these duplicate or replicate samples were not noted by the sample submitter. 3) Samples at the same site are of different media types. These are not sample duplicates. 4) Samples at the same site are of different drill core intervals, are of different soil horizons, are sediments or soils of different sieve mesh size fractions. These are not sample duplicates. The samples in this data set were collected for a variety of purposes. Not all samples were subject to the same sample preparation protocol or the same analytical protocol. The samples have been analyzed using documented techniques. For some elements, the methods of chemical analysis were the same throughout a study, while for others, the methods changed as analytical technology improved. Some of the methods used were specifically designed to give a concentration value based on a partial digestion or extraction of the sample. For these methods elements tightly bound in the structure of silicates in the sample are not measured because the partial digestion does not enable the analytical equipment to measure them. Thus, measures derived from partially digested samples may not be directly comparable with measures of the same chemical species obtained from fully digested samples. See USGS Data Series 1117 (https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1117) for further information regarding logical consistency. This data set provides chemical data for 75 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, In, Ir, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Rn, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr), forms of carbon, sulfur, and water, pH, density, and loss on ignition. In addition, the data set provides available location and descriptive information. No sample contains analyses for all possible elements. Analytical methods used were selected by the sample submitter based on the goals of the scientific investigation and may vary for a data set. The analytical methods, sample preparation protocols, and quality control protocols used for various sample media by the USGS are documented in the table tbl_analytic_method_biblio. 1) Coordinates: Most of the more recently submitted samples were located using GPS receivers. The locations determined by GPS should be accurate to the nearest latitude or longitude second. Older sample locations were determined primarily from USGS topographic maps of various scales. Sometimes these coordinates were determined directly from the original maps using a digitizing board. In other cases, a clear overlay with a coordinate grid was used to visually estimate the sample position on the map. The positional accuracy is dependent on the scale of the map from which the location was estimated as well as the care taken by the individuals who plotted the sample or who made the coordinate determination. The determination of coordinates from field sheets was a time consuming and error prone process. To facilitate the analysis of samples, a decision was made by the USGS Branch of Analytical Laboratories (BAL) to allow samples to be submitted to their laboratory using only the coordinates for the lower right (southeast) corner of the submitter's working field map on which the samples could be plotted, which was most commonly a 7.5' or 15' quadrangle map. In theory, the precise coordinates for these samples would be determined and later added to the database. In practice, most of these more precise coordinates were used in resultant USGS Open-File data releases or publications but were never entered back into the NGDB-Legacy. When sample submitters reported locations as degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and longitude the accuracy should be within a few seconds. When submitters only reported locations as degrees and minutes the accuracy is only to the nearest minute. When submitters only reported the corner coordinates of their field map, the accuracy is only to the nearest 7.5 or 15 minutes. 2) Datum and Earth Ellipsoid or Spheroid: When coordinates were submitted from GPS receivers or when the source of the coordinates was known, the datum and spheroid were identified in two database fields as part of the sample submittal process. For the majority of the data, these fields were empty. Since most of the older coordinate data in the database were determined from published maps, the best assumption is that the appropriate datum and spheroid is the one most commonly used for those types of maps. In the United States, most field maps were USGS topographic maps that used NAD27 (1927 North American datum) based on the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid. Using the wrong ellipsoid or datum may result in a location that is offset by up to a hundred meters. Geographic coordinates for all records in the database were projected to WGS84 datum and are found in the latitude and longitude fields. The originally submitted coordinates, datum, and spheroid fields are not included in this data release. Vertical position refers to drill core sample depth for rock samples or marine sediment samples. Sample depths were measured from the drillhole collar, the altitude of which was not recorded in the database. Erickson, T.M. Granitto, M. Lund, M. Smith, S.M. 2017 tabular digital data Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Matthew Granitto, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863; Karen Lund, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582; Steven M. Smith, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377. Suggested citation: Erickson, T.M., Granitto, Matthew, Lund, K., and Smith, S.M., 2017, Geochemical data release for Gospel-Hump Wilderness Area, Magruder Corridor and Special Mining Management Zone Additions to the Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness Area, and adjacent areas Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N29V6N. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N29V6N Digital 1979 1984 publication date Erickson_2017 Geologic and geospatial data records for rock, sediment, soil and mineral samples Granitto, M. Wang, B. Labay, K.A. 2024 tabular digital data Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Matthew Granitto, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863; Bronwen Wang, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227; Keith Labay, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190. Suggested citation: Granitto, M., Labay, K.A., and Wang, B., 2024, Alaska Geochemical Database Version 4.0 (AGDB4) including best value data compilations for rock, sediment, soil, mineral, and concentrate sample media: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P14THGQH. https://doi.org/10.5066/P14THGQH Digital 1938 2021 publication date AGDB4 Geochemical data of 359,410 rock, sediment, soil, and mineral samples were included in the AGDB4. Granitto, M. Trujillo, D.M. Smith, S.M. Akhtar, S. Reitman, J. Vigil, U.C. Diallo, F. McDanal, S.K. Price, K.M. Bueghly, Z.C. Khoury, R.M. Sankovitch, L.E. 2022 tabular digital data Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Matthew Granitto, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863; Steven M.Smith, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377; Kristian M. Price, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3190-0346; Zachary C. Bueghly, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-6082. Suggested citation: Granitto, M., Trujillo, D.M., Smith, S.M., Akhtar, S., Reitman, J., Vigil, U.C., Diallo, F., McDanal, S.K., Price, K.M., Bueghly, Z.C., Khoury, R.M., and Sankovitch, L.E., 2022, Legacy geochemical data from hardcopy records of selected past U.S. Geological Survey projects: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T4GXC9. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T4GXC9 Digital 1966 1988 publication date Granitto_2022a Geologic and geospatial data records for rock, sediment, soil and mineral samples. Granitto, M. Lund, K. 2022 tabular digital data Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Matthew Granitto, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863; Karen Lund, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582. Suggested citation: Granitto, M., and Lund, K., 2022, Geochemical data release for Idaho Primitive Area, including the contiguous Clear Creek-Upper Big Deer Creek Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, the Sawtooth Primitive Area, and adjacent areas, central Idaho (ver. 1.2, June 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BT11RJ. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BT11RJ Digital 1966 2084 publication date Granitto_2022b Geologic and geospatial data records for rock, sediment, soil and mineral samples. Granitto, M. Wang, B. Shew, N.B. Karl, S.M. Labay, K.A. Werdon, M.B. Seitz, S.S Hoppe, J.E. 2024 tabular digital data Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Matthew Granitto, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863; Bronwen Wang, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227; Nora B. Shew, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220; Susan M. Karl, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826; Keith Labay, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190. Suggested citation: Granitto, M., Wang, B., Shew, N.B., Karl, S.M., Labay, K.A., Werdon, M.B., Seitz, S.S., and Hoppe, J.E., 2019, Alaska Geochemical Database Version 3.0 (AGDB3)—Including “best value” data compilations for rock, sediment, soil, mineral, and concentrate sample media: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1117, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1117. https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1117 Digital 2019 publication date Granitto_2019 Schemas for tables tbl_analytic_method, tbl_analytic_method_biblio, tbl_lab_name, tbl_parameter, and tbl_parameter_rank. Hofstra, A.H. Lisitsin, V. Corriveau, L. Paradis, S. Peter, J. Lauziere, K. Lawley, C. Gadd, M. Pilote, JL Honsberger, I. Bastrakov, E. Champion, D. Czarnota, K. Doublier, M. Huston, D. Raymond, O. VanDerWielen, S. Emsbo, P. Granitto, M. Kreiner, D.C. 2021 tabular digital data USGS Open-File Report 2021-1049 Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Albert H. Hofstra, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593; Poul Emsbo, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X; Matthew Granitto, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863; and Douglas C. Kreiner, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-1403. Suggested citation: Hofstra, A., Lisitsin, V., Corriveau, L., Paradis, S., Peter, J., Lauzière, K., Lawley, C., Gadd, M., Pilote, J., Honsberger, I., Bastrakov, E., Champion, D., Czarnota, K., Doublier, M., Huston, D., Raymond, O., VanDerWielen, S., Emsbo, P., Granitto, M., and Kreiner, D., 2021, Deposit classification scheme for the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Global Geochemical Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1049, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211049. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97492 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2021 publication date Hofstra_2021 Descriptive fields system_type and deposit_type in tbl_geol Smith, S.M. 1997 tabular digital data USGS Open-File Report 97-492 Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Steven M. Smith, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377. Suggested citation: Smith, S.M., 1997, National Geochemical Database reformatted data from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97492, v. 1.4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97492. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97492 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1976 1980 publication date NURE-HSSR Geochemical data of 322,385 sediment and soil samples were included in NURE-HSSR. U.S. Geological Survey Unpublished material digital and/or hardcopy Digital and/or Hardcopy 1962 2023 date of sample submittal NGDB-Legacy Geochemical data of 1,208,772 rock, sediment, soil, mineral and geologic material samples were included in the NGDB-Legacy. U.S. Geological Survey Unpublished material digital and/or hardcopy Digital and/or Hardcopy 1997 2023 date of sample submittal LIMS Geochemical data of 283,772 rock, sediment, soil, and mineral samples were included in the LIMS. Much of these data are also included in the NGDB-Legacy. U.S. Geological Survey 2018 tabular digital data Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: U.S. Geological Survey, 2018, USMIN Mineral Deposit Database, https://mrdata.usgs.gov/deposit/. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/deposit/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2018 2022 Publication of deposit databases USMIN Descriptive fields district_name, deposit_name, and mine_name in tbl_geol. U.S. Geological Survey 2005 tabular digital data Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System, v. 20160315, https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 20150315 Date when information was extracted from the main database. MRDS Descriptive fields district_name, deposit_name, and mine_name in tbl_geol. U.S. Geological Survey 1996 tabular digital data Anchorage, AK U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) (ver 2.1, May 2024): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD. https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD Digital and/or Hardcopy 2024 version date ARDF Descriptive fields district_name, deposit_name, and mine_name in tbl_geol for Alaska samples. STEP 1: DEVELOPED SCHEMA FOR TBL_GEOL AND TBL_CHEM. Structures of primary tables were defined based on quantitative values and descriptive fields included in input databases (NGDB-Legacy, LIMS, NURE-HSSR, and AGDB4). Several new attribute fields in tbl_geol include: district_name, deposit_name, and mine_name (from USMIN, MRDS, and ARDF); system_type and deposit_type (from the USGS Systems Approach to Critical Minerals project) and chem_anom (derived from this data set). AGDB4 ARDF Hofstra_2021 LIMS MRDS NGDB-Legacy NURE-HSSR USMIN 2024 STEP 2: IMPORTED CHEMICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA. Included are all records with chemical analyses approved before 10/27/2023. AGDB4 Erickson_2017 Granitto_2022a Granitto_2022b LIMS NGDB-Legacy NURE-HSSR 2024 STEP 3: CREATED SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES. Tables tbl_analytic_method, tbl_analytic_method_biblio, tbl_lab_name, tbl_parameter, and tbl_parameter_rank, were created for the newly compiled data set following the format of AGDB4. The design of these tables is described in USGS Data Series 1117 (Granitto_2019). The table tbl_geol_biblio, including references for 2,937 USGS publications and data releases, was compiled over time using keyword searches of titles listed in the USGS Publications Warehouse and ScienceBase catalogs. A data dictionary, tbl_data_dictionary, was created to provide users with a simple way to look up definitions of all fields in all tables in the database. Tables and attributes are further described in the Entity/Attribute section of this metadata. AGDB4 Erickson_2017 Granitto_2019 Granitto_2022a Granitto_2022b LIMS NGDB-Legacy NURE-HSSR 2024 STEP 4: RESOLVED SPATIAL COORDINATE ISSUES. Geographic coordinates for more than 3,000 sample records were either transformed from Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection or from unrecognizable X-Y coordinates projections. More than 50,000 sample records were identified as having coordinates that plot in a corner (usually the southeast corner) of 1:24000, 1:62500, 1:100000 or 1:250000 sample location base maps, with the entry CC entered in the coords_comment field of the table tbl_geol. Obvious coordinate errors were flagged and corrected where possible. Sample records lacking coordinates that plot within US state, territory or Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) boundaries were removed from the table tbl_geol. The sample location coordinates in a datum other than WGS84 were transformed into the WGS84 projection. Non-WGS84 Alaska coordinates transformed by Nora Shew, July 2018, and Keith Labay, September 2023; all other non-WGS84 coordinates transformed by Labay, July 2024. 2024 STEP 5: CHECKED REQUIRED DATA CRITERIA. Records in the table tbl_geol were checked to ensure they meet sample media and sample location criteria. The attributes in the tbl_geol fields alteration, deposit_environ, drainage, facies_grade, ferritic, geologic_age, horizon, metamorphism, method_collected, mineralization, organics, saline, sample_source, sample_zone, source_rock, specific_name, and state were checked and updated for consistency. Records in the table tbl_geol without accompanying records in the table tbl_chem were deleted. Records in the table tbl_chem without accompanying records in the table tbl_geol were deleted. Duplicate records in the table tbl_chem that were compiled from different data sources were identified. The records that had been previously reviewed and published were kept, and the others were removed. Tbl_data_dictionary was updated to reflect changes made to tabular data. 2024 STEP 6: COMPILED FINAL DATA TABLES IN ESRI GEODATABASE AND EXPORTED TO GEOPACKAGE AND PARQUET FORMATS. The three data formats are provided to support diverse user needs and meet federal requirements for machine-readable, open data formats. 2025 Vector Entity point 1524014 0.0001 0.0001 Decimal degrees WGS84 WGS84 6378137 298.25722 tbl_analytic_method Table of analytic methods used to obtain chemical data. For each analytic method in the database, a 'best' reference is provided. Bibliographic information for most methods can be found in tbl_analytic_method_biblio (key field am_pub_id). Please note that in some cases we do not have a reference (am_pub_id = "unknown"). In cases where a contract lab performed the analysis, details of the method are proprietary and not publicly available (e.g., AGAT Laboratories Ltd., ALS Global, SGS). U.S. Geological Survey analytic_method Short name of analytical method; key field; from tbl_chem table. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "AA_CV", "ES_SQ", "WDX_Fuse" analytic_method_desc Full description of analytical method. U.S. Geological Survey Full description of analytical method. digestion_method Digestion method used in conjunction with analytical method. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "multi-acid", "cyanide", "HCl" am_pub_id Unique ID for analytic method publication; links to bibliographic entries in the tbl_analytic_method_biblio table. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Brown_2002_01", "Huffman_1972", "unknown" tbl_analytic_method_biblio Comprehensive table of bibliographic references for analytic methods used to obtain chemical data. Includes many additional references describing historical and modern analytical methods. U.S. Geological Survey am_pub_id Unique ID for analytic method publication; links to bibliographic entries in the tbl_analytic_method_biblio table. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Adrian_1990", "Cremer_1984_05", "Hinkle_1975" analytic_methods Abbreviations of analytical methods covered by publication; similar but not identical to analytic_method. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "ES_SQ", "ISE_HF", "MS_ST_REE" am_media Sample media analyzed by analytical methods covered by publication; gm is geologic material. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "gm", "gm/org/H2O", "coal" am_pub_author Author(s) of analytic method publication. U.S. Geological Survey Author(s) of analytic method publication. am_pub_year Year of analytic method publication. U.S. Geological Survey 1945 2024 year am_pub_citation Bibliographic citation for analytic method publication; chapter or section of publication. U.S. Geological Survey Bibliographic citation for analytic method publication; chapter or section of publication. am_pub_doi DOI or URL of analytic method publication, if available. U.S. Geological Survey DOI or URL of analytic method publication, if available. tbl_chem Table of all chemical data compiled for geologic material samples U.S. Geological Survey lab_id Unique identifier assigned to each submitted sample by the Sample Control Officer of the analytical laboratory that received the sample, or NURE database unique identifier; foreign keys from USGS NGDB or NURE database. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "CFF728", "5228104", "LFG848" group_id Copy of sample lab_id with the value for reanalyzed samples changed to match the lab_id of the original sample where possible. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "CFF728", "5228104", "LFG848" parameter Chemical parameter that is a concatenation of tbl_chem table fields species, units, technique, digestion, and sometimes decomposition. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Ag_ppm_AA_F_AZ_Fuse_P", "Nb_ppm_EDX", "Si_pct_AES_ST" species Abbreviation or symbol of chemical attribute that has a data value associated with it; species originally expressed as oxides are elements. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Ag", "Nb", "Si" units Abbreviation of units of concentration or measurement in which the qualified_value is expressed. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "ppm", "pct", "gcc" analytic_method Short name of analytical method; key field; from tbl_chem table. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "AA_F_AZ_Fuse_P", "MS_HF_UT", "ES_SQ" qualified_value Numeric result; qualified so that data values with associated qualifiers '<', 'N' or 'L' are expressed as negative values, and data values with associated qualifiers '>' or 'G' end in '111'; species originally expressed in oxide basis are now as elements. U.S. Geological Survey -477000 918000 (varies) qualifier Qualifying modifier for result; i.e., '<', '>'. U.S. Geological Survey L the element was detected by the analytical method but at a level below the lower limit of determination for the method. U.S. Geological Survey N the element was not detected by the analytical method. U.S. Geological Survey G the element was measured at a concentration greater than the upper determination limit for the analytical method. U.S. Geological Survey < the element concentration was determined to be less than the lower determination limit for the analytical technique. U.S. Geological Survey > the element was measured at a concentration greater than the upper determination limit for the analytical method. U.S. Geological Survey lab_name Abbreviated name of laboratory, agency or organization that performed chemical analysis; key field; from tbl_chem table. The corresponding unabbreviated name of each laboratory is given in the tbl_lab_name table. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "USGS-BOER", "XRAL", "GSC" tbl_geol Table of spatial, geologic and descriptive attributes for geologic material samples; includes records for both original and resubmitted samples. U.S. Geological Survey lab_id Unique identifier assigned to each submitted sample by the Sample Control Officer of the analytical laboratory that received the sample, or NURE database unique identifier; foreign keys from USGS NGDB or NURE database. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "5000001", "5202441", "CHY323" group_id Copy of sample lab_id with the value for reanalyzed samples changed to match the lab_id of the original sample where possible. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "5000005", "BEV369", "D199796" reanalysis An indication that the sample has been reanalyzed; YES if the sample has been reanalyzed; null otherwise. U.S. Geological Survey YES the sample has been reanalyzed U.S. Geological Survey nure_rec_no Original NURE-HSSR REC_NO of a NURE archive sample; may have been given a new lab number upon resubmittal for further analysis; from NURE database. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "5010001", "5000010", "5050020" field_id Field identifier assigned by the sample collector of sample submitted for analysis, possibly corrected by data renovator due to truncation of data entry, or to promote list sorting. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "504336", "MS23349", "EK025RK" job_id Laboratory batch identifier assigned by the Sample Control Officer of the analytical laboratory that received the samples as a batch; not known for NURE samples. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "MRP00932", "HM2951", "MRP15785" submitter Name of the individual(s) who submitted the sample in a batch to the laboratory for analysis; not necessarily the sample collector. U.S. Geological Survey Name of the individual(s) who submitted the sample in a batch to the laboratory for analysis; not necessarily the sample collector. project_name Project name, at times derived from a project account number, of work group funded for the collection and analysis of submitted samples. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "NURE - HSSR", "Iliamna Quad", "Hogatza Trend" date_submitted Date sample was submitted to Sample Control for initial database processing prior to sample prep and analysis; month/day/year in the format mm/dd/yyyy. U.S. Geological Survey 5/1/1962 8/11/2023 month/day/year date_collect Date the sample was collected, when recorded; month/day/year in the format mm/dd/yyyy. U.S. Geological Survey 10/14/1964 9/1/2022 month/day/year country Country or marine body of water from where the sample was collected. U.S. Geological Survey Country or marine body of water from where the sample was collected. state Abbreviation of state or territory from where the sample was collected. U.S. Geological Survey Abbreviation of state or territory from where the sample was collected. quad Name of 1:250,000-scale quadrangle (1 degree x 2 degree or 1 degree x 3 degree) in which sample was collected. U.S. Geological Survey Name of 1:250,000-scale quadrangle (1 degree x 2 degree or 1 degree x 3 degree) in which sample was collected. district_name Mining district from which the sample was collected; from U.S. Geological Survey USMIN Mineral Deposit Database (USMIN), Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) or Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF). U.S. Geological Survey Mining district from which the sample was collected; from U.S. Geological Survey USMIN Mineral Deposit Database (USMIN), Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) or Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF). deposit_name Mineral deposit from which the sample was collected; from U.S. Geological Survey USMIN Mineral Deposit Database (USMIN), Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) or Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF). U.S. Geological Survey Mineral deposit from which the sample was collected; from U.S. Geological Survey USMIN Mineral Deposit Database (USMIN), Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) or Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF). mine_name Mine or mine feature from which the sample was collected; from U.S. Geological Survey USMIN Mineral Deposit Database (USMIN), Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) or Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF). U.S. Geological Survey Mine or mine feature from which the sample was collected; from U.S. Geological Survey USMIN Mineral Deposit Database (USMIN), Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) or Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF). latitude Latitude coordinate of sample site, reported in decimal degrees, WGS84 projection; non-WGS84 Alaska coordinates transformed by Nora Shew, July 2018, and Keith Labay, September 2023; all other non-WGS84 coordinates transformed by Labay, July 2024. U.S. Geological Survey -14.185964 71.5996 decimal degrees longitude Longitude coordinate of sample site, reported in decimal degrees, WGS84 projection; non-WGS84 Alaska coordinates transformed by Nora Shew, July 2018, and Keith Labay, September 2023; all other non-WGS84 coordinates transformed by Labay, July 2024. U.S. Geological Survey -179.74664 179.4537 decimal degrees coords_comment Comment on coordinates. CC indicates that the sample location is represented by the corner coordinates of 1:24000, 1:62500 or 1:25000 scale topographic basemaps; usually the southeast corner of the map. U.S. Geological Survey CC the sample location is represented by the corner coordinates of 1:24000, 1:62500 or 1:25000 scale topographic basemaps; usually the southeast corner of the map U.S. Geological Survey locate_desc Geographic information relating to the location of the sample site. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic information relating to the location of the sample site. depth Depth from the surface at which the sample was collected; units are present when specified by the submitter. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "0 cm", "10 cm", "20 cm" sample_source Physical setting or environment from which the sample was collected. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey natural exposure/outcrop coal seam, cave U.S. Geological Survey artificial exposure road cut, excavation, trench, tunnel, etc. (but not a mine) U.S. Geological Survey float/colluvium/talus float/colluvium/talus U.S. Geological Survey drill core drill core U.S. Geological Survey drill cutting/sludge drill cutting/sludge U.S. Geological Survey mine/quarry/prospect pit open pit or underground mine U.S. Geological Survey mine dump/waste rock unprocessed material U.S. Geological Survey mine/mill tailings material has undergone some amount of processing U.S. Geological Survey volcanic environment hornito, lava tube, spatter cone, pele's hair, etc. U.S. Geological Survey marine environment estuary, lagoon, bay, near shore, deep ocean, etc. U.S. Geological Survey spring intermittent spring, hydrothermal, seep, etc. U.S. Geological Survey miscellaneous geyser, evaporite, mine dust, lagoon, nodules, etc. U.S. Geological Survey unknown unknown U.S. Geological Survey alluvium alluvial fan, delta U.S. Geological Survey beach sand, silt U.S. Geological Survey dune/loess eolian U.S. Geological Survey desert lag, dust U.S. Geological Survey drill hole/well sediment derived from a drill hole or well (not the method of collection) U.S. Geological Survey glacial debris/deposit till, melt water U.S. Geological Survey lake/pond playa, pool, intermittent lake U.S. Geological Survey man-made structure dam, reservoir, canal, aqueduct, pipeline, etc. U.S. Geological Survey stream/river creek, wash, arroyo, wadi U.S. Geological Survey urban environment commercial, residential, industrial settings U.S. Geological Survey volcanic ash wind- or water-deposited volcanic ash U.S. Geological Survey wetland/swamp marsh, bog, fen U.S. Geological Survey beach/dune/loess sand, silt, aeolian U.S. Geological Survey placer heavy mineral concentration in a stream U.S. Geological Survey other other sample source U.S. Geological Survey method_collected Sample collection method: single grab, composite, or channel. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey single/grab A "single/grab" sample is collected without any attempt to composite material for representivity. A sample collected by this method may or may not be representative of material found at the site and is often used for collecting unusual, one-of-a-kind, or un-composited samples. U.S. Geological Survey composite A "composite" sample is collected with the intent to homogenize material and to be representative of a larger body (rock unit, local soil, etc.) at the site. Composite samples consist of multiple subsamples or grabs and may be collected from multiple locations at the site. U.S. Geological Survey channel A "channel" sample is a composite sample collected over a continuous distance (e.g., chip samples of rock collected across the width of a bed, a sample collected by integrating media across the entire width of the stream.) NOTE: Collecting a sample from a stream channel does not make it a "channel" sample unless it is obtained as described above. U.S. Geological Survey other other method of collection U.S. Geological Survey unknown Most commonly used when the sample was received with minimal information from an entity outside of the USGS. U.S. Geological Survey primary_class Primary classification of sample media. U.S. Geological Survey sediment sediment U.S. Geological Survey rock rock U.S. Geological Survey soil soil U.S. Geological Survey geologic material the sample is rock, sediment, soil, or mineral, but the specific sample type was not entered in the database archives. U.S. Geological Survey mineral mineral U.S. Geological Survey secondary_class Secondary classification or subclass of sample media; attribute of primary_class. Examples from the WBSSS (labeled ROCK_TYPE in WBSSS) are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey unidentified unidentified U.S. Geological Survey igneous formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava U.S. Geological Survey sedimentary formed by the deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water U.S. Geological Survey metamorphic formed by igneous or sedimentary rocks being subjected to heat and pressure U.S. Geological Survey tectonite formed by shearing or tectonic forces U.S. Geological Survey ore mineralized rock, vein U.S. Geological Survey miscellaneous calcrete, concretion, gossan, limonite, jasperoid, sinter, melange, tektite, meteorite, etc. U.S. Geological Survey specific_name Specific name for the sample media collected; attribute of primary_class and/or secondary_class. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "sinter", "diorite", "orthopyroxene" sample_comment Attribute used to modify primary_class, secondary_class, or specific_name; data are not derived from sample codes. U.S. Geological Survey Attribute used to modify primary_class, secondary_class, or specific_name; data are not derived from sample codes. addl_attr Additional attributes used to modify primary_class, secondary_class, or specific_name; derived from NGDB sample codes in fields of original legacy databases that do not have current equivalent fields. U.S. Geological Survey Additional attributes used to modify primary_class, secondary_class, or specific_name; derived from NGDB sample codes in fields of original legacy databases that do not have current equivalent fields. system_type Mineral system type associated with sample; from USGS Systems Approach to Critical Minerals project. U.S. Geological Survey Mineral system type associated with sample; from USGS Systems Approach to Critical Minerals project. deposit_type Mineral deposit type associated with sample; from USGS Systems Approach to Critical Minerals project. U.S. Geological Survey Mineral deposit type associated with sample; from USGS Systems Approach to Critical Minerals project. geologic_age Age or range of ages from the Geological Time Scale for the collected sample; may or may not follow USGS Geologic Map Lexicon. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey Holocene Holocene U.S. Geological Survey Pleistocene Pleistocene U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary undifferentiated Quaternary undifferentiated U.S. Geological Survey Pliocene Pliocene U.S. Geological Survey Miocene Miocene U.S. Geological Survey Neogene Neogene U.S. Geological Survey Oligocene Oligocene U.S. Geological Survey Eocene Eocene U.S. Geological Survey Paleocene Paleocene U.S. Geological Survey Paleogene Paleogene U.S. Geological Survey Cenozoic undifferentiated Cenozoic undifferentiated U.S. Geological Survey Cretaceous Cretaceous U.S. Geological Survey Jurassic Jurassic U.S. Geological Survey Triassic Triassic U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic undifferentiated Mesozoic undifferentiated U.S. Geological Survey Permian Permian U.S. Geological Survey Pennsylvanian Pennsylvanian U.S. Geological Survey Mississippian Mississippian U.S. Geological Survey Carboniferous Carboniferous U.S. Geological Survey Devonian Devonian U.S. Geological Survey Silurian Silurian U.S. Geological Survey Ordovician Ordovician U.S. Geological Survey Cambrian Cambrian U.S. Geological Survey Paleozoic undifferentiated Paleozoic undifferentiated U.S. Geological Survey Paleoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic U.S. Geological Survey Mesoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic U.S. Geological Survey Neoproterozoic Neoproterozoic U.S. Geological Survey Proterozoic undifferentiated Proterozoic undifferentiated U.S. Geological Survey Archean Archean U.S. Geological Survey Hadean Hadean U.S. Geological Survey Precambrian undifferentiated Precambrian undifferentiated U.S. Geological Survey unknown unknown U.S. Geological Survey stratigraphy Name of the stratigraphic unit from which the sample was collected; provided by submitter; may represent either a formal name, an informal name, or geologic map unit abbreviation; may or may not follow USGS Geologic Map Lexicon. U.S. Geological Survey Name of the stratigraphic unit from which the sample was collected; provided by submitter; may represent either a formal name, an informal name, or geologic map unit abbreviation; may or may not follow USGS Geologic Map Lexicon. chem_anom An indication of anomalous concentrations of elements in a sample. Based on the 99th and 97.5th percentiles of an element in a population of samples. Calculations were made separately for the population of rock (including mineral and geologic material samples) and the population of sediment and soil samples in the database. Anomalous elements are listed as comma-separated values, with parentheses around those that meet the 97.5th percentile cutoff. Elements without parentheses meet the 99th percentile cutoff. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "(Bi)", "(Ca, Sr)", "Ag (Mo)" mineralization An indication of mineralization or mineralization types as provided by the sample submitter. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey unknown mineralization unknown mineralization U.S. Geological Survey not mineralized not mineralized U.S. Geological Survey disseminated disseminated U.S. Geological Survey massive sulfide massive sulfide U.S. Geological Survey ore minerals present not visible trace concentrations of micron sized particle; for example, gold, PGMs U.S. Geological Survey disseminated ore minerals 5 to 25 percent ore minerals U.S. Geological Survey semimassive ore minerals >25 to 75 percent ore minerals U.S. Geological Survey massive ore minerals greater than 75 percent ore minerals U.S. Geological Survey lithophile metals lithophile metals U.S. Geological Survey contact metamorphic contact metamorphic U.S. Geological Survey hot springs hot springs U.S. Geological Survey placer placer U.S. Geological Survey replacement replacement U.S. Geological Survey stratiform stratiform U.S. Geological Survey vein vein U.S. Geological Survey miscellaneous miscellaneous U.S. Geological Survey alteration An indication of the presence or type of alteration noted in the sample by the submitter. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey altered altered U.S. Geological Survey not altered not altered U.S. Geological Survey albitic sodic, sodic-calcic: albite, chlorite, muscovite, biotite U.S. Geological Survey potassic potassium silicate alteration: K-feldspar (orthoclase or microcline) and or biotite, quartz, albite, muscovite, anhydrite, epidote U.S. Geological Survey argillic argillic is often used for texturally destructive alteration with a clay-rich mineralogy U.S. Geological Survey intermediate argillic sericite-chlorite-clay U.S. Geological Survey advanced argillic characterized by pyrophyllite, quartz, sericite, andalusite, diaspore, corundum, alunite, topaz, tourmaline, dumortierite, pyrite, and hematite, U.S. Geological Survey alunitic/acid sulfate special case of advanced-argillic alteration characterized by the assemblage: alunite + kaolinite + quartz ± pyrite. U.S. Geological Survey propylitic chlorite, epidote, albite, calcite, actinolite, sericite, clay, pyrite U.S. Geological Survey carbonate propylitic carbonate (Fe, Mg), epidote, chlorite, sericite, feldspar U.S. Geological Survey epidote epidote, albite, zoisite U.S. Geological Survey sericitic phyllic, quartz-sericite-pyrite, weak sericitic U.S. Geological Survey chloritic chlorite, muscovite, quartz, actinolite, pyrite, pyrrhotite U.S. Geological Survey biotitic biotite, chlorite, quartz, pyrite, pyrrhotite U.S. Geological Survey kaolinitic high temperature hydrothermal alteration and replacement of feldspars to form a fine-grained aggregate of kaolinite U.S. Geological Survey silicification silicic: includes silica flooding and quartz stockworks U.S. Geological Survey vuggy silica/vuggy quartz usually epithermal: quartz, rutile, alunite, native sulfur, barite, hematite, pyrite, jarosite U.S. Geological Survey oxidation Fe/Mn, supergene U.S. Geological Survey hematitic alteration by oxidizing fluids forming hematite and some potassium-feldspar, sericite, chlorite, and epidote U.S. Geological Survey carbonate calcite, ankerite, dolomite, quartz, muscovite (Cr-/V-rich), chlorite, pyrite, pyrrhotite U.S. Geological Survey calcic skarn garnet, clinopyroxene, wollastonite, actinolite-tremolite, vesuvianite, epidote U.S. Geological Survey magnesium skarn developed as metasomatic replacements of dolomitic limestone: forsterite-diopside or serpentinite-talc, calcite, magnetite, tremolite U.S. Geological Survey retrograde skarn commonly replaces earlier skarn alteration: calcite, chlorite, hematite, illite-smectite, montmorillonite-nontronite, pyrite U.S. Geological Survey calc-silicate metasomatic alteration creating calcium silicate minerals, diopside, wollastonite U.S. Geological Survey silica-carbonate listwanite; low temperature replacement of ultramafic rocks: ankerite, antigorite, chrysotile, dolomite, lizardite, pyrite U.S. Geological Survey serpentinization conversion of anhydrous Fe, Mg silicates to hydrous serpentine minerals U.S. Geological Survey greisen localized high-temperature alteration associated with peraluminous granites and related mineralization: topaz, muscovite, quartz, tourmaline U.S. Geological Survey jasperoidal complete replacement of limestone, and occasionally other rock types, by fine-grained quartz; often associated with brecciation: quartz, pyrite, hematite U.S. Geological Survey tourmaline tourmalinite, luxullianite: tourmaline, muscovite, quartz, pyrrhotite U.S. Geological Survey zeolitic calcite, epidote, wairakite, chlorite, albite, illite-smectite, montmorillonite U.S. Geological Survey miscellaneous deuteric, garnetization, pyritic, saussuritised, uralitization, red rock, etc. U.S. Geological Survey igneous_form An indication of the igneous setting from which the sample was collected. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey lava flow lava flow U.S. Geological Survey breccia/agglomerate breccia/agglomerate U.S. Geological Survey pluton/stock pluton/stock U.S. Geological Survey dike/sill/laccolith dike/sill/laccolith U.S. Geological Survey plug/pipe plug/pipe U.S. Geological Survey extrusive extrusive U.S. Geological Survey intrusive intrusive U.S. Geological Survey pyroclastic pyroclastic U.S. Geological Survey metamorphism An indication of the type of metamorphic setting from which the rock was collected. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey regional regional U.S. Geological Survey burial burial U.S. Geological Survey orogenic orogenic U.S. Geological Survey ocean floor ocean floor U.S. Geological Survey local local U.S. Geological Survey hydrothermal hydrothermal U.S. Geological Survey contact contact U.S. Geological Survey pyrometamorphism pyrometamorphism U.S. Geological Survey shear shear U.S. Geological Survey impact impact U.S. Geological Survey hot-slab hot-slab U.S. Geological Survey combustion combustion U.S. Geological Survey facies_grade Metamorphic facies or grade as provided by the sample submitter. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey prehnite-pumpellyite facies prehnite-pumpellyite facies U.S. Geological Survey low grade low grade U.S. Geological Survey hornblende-hornfels facies hornblende-hornfels facies U.S. Geological Survey sanidinite facies sanidinite facies U.S. Geological Survey albite-epidote-hornfels facies albite-epidote-hornfels facies U.S. Geological Survey zeolite facies zeolite facies U.S. Geological Survey pyroxene-hornfels facies pyroxene-hornfels facies U.S. Geological Survey medium grade medium grade U.S. Geological Survey glaucophane-lawsonite-schist facies glaucophane-lawsonite-schist facies U.S. Geological Survey eclogite facies eclogite facies U.S. Geological Survey granulite facies granulite facies U.S. Geological Survey amphibolite facies amphibolite facies U.S. Geological Survey greenschist facies greenschist facies U.S. Geological Survey high grade high grade U.S. Geological Survey unknown unknown U.S. Geological Survey source_rock Precursor rock, igneous or sedimentary, for metamorphic rocks, or for minerals. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey igneous igneous U.S. Geological Survey sedimentary sedimentary U.S. Geological Survey deposit_environ Original environment of deposition for sedimentary rocks. U.S. Geological Survey marine marine U.S. Geological Survey continental continental U.S. Geological Survey transitional transitional U.S. Geological Survey sample_zone Soil horizon from which sample was collected. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey O horizon surficial, organic rich zone, humus U.S. Geological Survey A horizon uppermost mineral soil U.S. Geological Survey AB horizon mixed zones U.S. Geological Survey AE horizon mixed zones U.S. Geological Survey AO horizon mixed zones U.S. Geological Survey B horizon zone of illuviation (accumulation of iron, clay, etc.) U.S. Geological Survey BC horizon mixed zones U.S. Geological Survey C horizon weathered parent material U.S. Geological Survey other other sample zone U.S. Geological Survey unknown unknown or undetermined U.S. Geological Survey horizon Distinctiveness of soil sample horizon (well defined or poorly defined) from which soil sample was collected. U.S. Geological Survey well defined well defined U.S. Geological Survey poorly defined poorly defined U.S. Geological Survey not defined not defined U.S. Geological Survey saline Saline nature of soil from which sample was collected. U.S. Geological Survey saline saline U.S. Geological Survey non saline non saline U.S. Geological Survey organics Organic content of soil from which sample was collected. Examples from the WBSSS are enumerated below. Other values may occur in the database as well. U.S. Geological Survey high in organics high in organics U.S. Geological Survey low in organics low in organics U.S. Geological Survey no organics no organics U.S. Geological Survey ferritic Ferritic nature of soil from which sample was collected. U.S. Geological Survey ferritic ferritic U.S. Geological Survey non-ferritic non-ferritic U.S. Geological Survey drainage Description of drainage of soil where sample collected. U.S. Geological Survey well drained well drained U.S. Geological Survey poorly drained poorly drained U.S. Geological Survey prep Description of the sample preparation methods used. U.S. Geological Survey Description of the sample preparation methods used. mesh_pore_size Sieve size used in field sampling or laboratory preparation to fractionate the sample. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "-100 mesh", "wet sieve; - 63 micron" , "dry sieved; - 10 mesh" tbl_geol_biblio Comprehensive table of bibliographic references for geologic material samples; may refer to both original and resubmitted samples. U.S. Geological Survey geol_pub_id Unique ID for geochemical data publication. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Ach_1986", "Clark_1970k", "Frost_1993c" geol_pub_author Author(s) of geochemical data publication. U.S. Geological Survey Author(s) of geochemical data publication. geol_pub_year Year of geochemical data publication. U.S. Geological Survey 1963 2024 year geol_pub_title Title of geochemical data publication; may be chapter or section of publication. U.S. Geological Survey Title of geochemical data publication; may be chapter or section of publication. geol_pub_no Identifier that includes type, subtype, series name, and report number of geochemical data publication; may be chapter or section of publication. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "OFR 92-380B", "SIR 09-5115", "Circ 0711" geol_doi DOI or URL of geochemical data publication, if available. U.S. Geological Survey DOI or URL of geochemical data publication, if available. project Project name or general geographic location of collected samples, as covered in the publication. U.S. Geological Survey Project name or general geographic location of collected samples, as covered in the publication. region U.S. state abbreviation(s) separated by commas or general region, e.g., "eastern United States", where samples were collected, as covered in the publication. Value is null if unknown or not applicable. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. state abbreviation(s) separated by commas or general region, e.g., "eastern United States", where samples were collected, as covered in the publication. Value is null if unknown or not applicable. field_season Year or range of years samples were collected for analysis, as covered in the publication. Value is null if unknown or not applicable. A (?) indicates that the value entered is not verified, but inferred from ancillary information. U.S. Geological Survey Year or range of years samples were collected for analysis, as covered in the publication. Value is null if unknown or not applicable. A (?) indicates that the value entered is not verified, but inferred from ancillary information. geol_media Sample media collected and analyzed, as covered in the publication. Value is null if unknown. U.S. Geological Survey allv alluvium U.S. Geological Survey bs beach sediment U.S. Geological Survey C1 magnetic fraction of heavy mineral concentrate U.S. Geological Survey C2 paramagnetic fraction of heavy mineral concentrate U.S. Geological Survey C3 nonmagnetic fraction of heavy mineral concentrate U.S. Geological Survey C3 of rx nonmagnetic fraction of heavy mineral concentrate from crushed rock U.S. Geological Survey C4 paramagnetic to nonmagnetic fraction of heavy mineral concentrate U.S. Geological Survey coal coal U.S. Geological Survey FeMn ferromanganese material U.S. Geological Survey FeMn crust ferromanganese crust U.S. Geological Survey gd glacial debris U.S. Geological Survey glass volcanic glass U.S. Geological Survey gold gold U.S. Geological Survey gs glacial sediment U.S. Geological Survey H2O water U.S. Geological Survey hmc heavy mineral concentrate U.S. Geological Survey ir insoluble residue U.S. Geological Survey lcht leachate U.S. Geological Survey ls lake sediment U.S. Geological Survey LT light fraction U.S. Geological Survey mnrl mineral U.S. Geological Survey ms marine sediment U.S. Geological Survey mts moss-trapped sediment U.S. Geological Survey mull mull U.S. Geological Survey org organic U.S. Geological Survey pc panned concentrate U.S. Geological Survey pcpt precipitate U.S. Geological Survey peat peat U.S. Geological Survey peb pebbles U.S. Geological Survey resid sl residual soil U.S. Geological Survey rx rock U.S. Geological Survey sap saprolite U.S. Geological Survey sed seiment U.S. Geological Survey sl soil U.S. Geological Survey slag slag U.S. Geological Survey SRM standard reference material U.S. Geological Survey ss stream sediment U.S. Geological Survey tlgs mine tailings U.S. Geological Survey various various U.S. Geological Survey waste mine waste U.S. Geological Survey sed_soil_mesh Sieve size used in field sampling or laboratory preparation to fractionate the sediment or soil samples, as covered in the publication. Value is null if unknown or not applicable. A (?) indicates that the mesh size is not verified, but inferred from ancillary information. U.S. Geological Survey Sieve size used in field sampling or laboratory preparation to fractionate the sediment or soil samples, as covered in the publication. Value is null if unknown or not applicable. A (?) indicates that the mesh size is not verified, but inferred from ancillary information. tbl_lab_name Table of laboratories, agencies or organizations that performed chemical analysis U.S. Geological Survey lab_name Abbreviated name of laboratory, agency or organization that performed chemical analysis; key field; from tbl_chem table. The corresponding unabbreviated name of each laboratory is given in the tbl_lab_name table. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Acme", "LASL", "WSU" lab_name_desc Description of laboratory, agency or organization that performed chemical analysis. U.S. Geological Survey Description of laboratory, agency or organization that performed chemical analysis. lab_count Count of determinations by the laboratory. U.S. Geological Survey 119 15134467 count tbl_parameter Table of analytical method parameters - species, units of expression and analytical method - used to obtain chemical and physical data U.S. Geological Survey parameter Chemical parameter that is a concatenation of tbl_chem table fields species, units, technique, digestion, and sometimes decomposition. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Ag_ppm_AA_F_AZ_Fuse_P", "La_ppm_MS_ST_REE", "Ta_ppm_NA_SC" parameter_desc Full description of parameter. U.S. Geological Survey Full description of parameter. analytic_method Short name of analytical method; key field; from tbl_chem table. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "AA_F_HF", "ES_Q", "MS_ST" param_count Total number of determinations of each species by the analytical method given in parameter. U.S. Geological Survey 1 629081 count lld_rge Range of lower limits of determination (LLDs) for the parameter. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "0.1", "0.05 - 0.1", "<15" lld_era Range of years that lower limits of determination (LLDs) for the parameter were published or available internally. U.S. Geological Survey Range of years that lower limits of determination (LLDs) for the parameter were published or available internally. tbl_parameter_rank Table of analytical method parameters, sorted by species and ranked by preference (best value) U.S. Geological Survey species Abbreviation or symbol of chemical attribute that has a data value associated with it; species originally expressed as oxides are elements. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Ag", "Co", "Sulfide" species_name Chemical attribute name that has a data value associated with it. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "antimony", "tantalum", "yttrium" parameter Chemical parameter that is a concatenation of tbl_chem table fields species, units, technique, digestion, and sometimes decomposition. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "Sb_ppm_AA_HG_AR", "Sm_ppm_ES_Q", "W_ppm_NA_SC" analytic_method Short name of analytical method; key field; from tbl_chem table. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "MS_Fuse", "AES_HF", "GV_CR" bestvalue_rank Alpha-numeric ranking of the analytical methods used in the determination of each species; A = Total; P = Partial. The best value concept is described in USGS DS-1117 (https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1117). Where there are multiple analyses of a sample, this ranking offers users a way to select a single value per element per sample. Best value rankings were determined by the rubric and reasoning described in DS-1117. They were designed for mineral exploration and assessment purposes and should not be assumed to be appropriate for other purposes. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "A19", "P01", "P13" nondetect_range Range of non-detect values for the analytical method used in the determination of each species; range in brackets represent approximately 90% of non-detect values for analytical method; see DS-1117 (https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1117). U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "0.004 - 0.04 - 0.2 - 0.4 - 1.0", "5.0", "0.45" lld_range Range of lower limits of detection for parameters reported in USGS publications or in-house laboratory manuals; does not represent actual analytical determinations in NGDB, LIMS or NURE. U.S. Geological Survey Examples include: "0.1", "0.1 - 0.5", "4.0 - 600" GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Parquet, Geopackage (GPKG), Esri Geodatabase (GDB) https://doi.org/10.5066/P1FXE9GK None 20260121 Margaret A. Goldman U.S. Geological Survey Physical Scientist mailing address

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Lakewood CO 80225 United States 303-236-1412 303-236-3200 mgoldman@usgs.gov gs_gggsc_dm_team@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998