Paul C. Banko Robert W. Peck Mark A. Schmaedick 20240708 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A6CXQX Paul C. Banko Robert W. Peck Mark A. Schmaedick Adam C. Miles Niela Leifi Kevin W. Brinck 20230528 publication Ecosphere vol. 14, issue 5 n/a Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4493 Surveys for immature life stages of the Samoan swallowtail butterfly (Papilio godeffroyi) were conducted on 117 individually marked host trees (Micromelum minutum) in eight forest stands on Tutuila Island, American Samoa, at approximately monthly intervals during 2013-2014. The eight stands were mostly in or adjacent to the National Park of American Samoa (NPSA), but one stand was sampled near the western tip of Tutuila, outside NPSA. An additional 74 host trees were assessed for phenological status in the eight stands but were not surveyed for Papilio. The dataset contains information on the phenological status of the 191 total trees during each survey. Data were collected to document aspects of the Samoan swallowtail butterfly's reproductive ecology and host plant relationships to assist managers at the National Park of American Samoa and the American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources understand factors potentially influencing the abundance and distribution of this endangered species, which has disappeared from its range in Samoa and is now found only on Tutuila Island, American Samoa. These data provide a foundation for developing habitat management strategies to protect the species and possibly expand its population into former range. 20130314 20140807 ground condition Complete None planned American Samoa -170.8274 -170.6441 -14.2388 -14.3406 ISO 19115 Topic Category health None biota host plant habitat USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:63589c9cd34ebe44250324c6 None American Samoa Tutuila National Park of American Samoa taxonkt Papilio godeffroyi Micromelum minutum Species Papilio godeffroyi Samoan swallowtail butterfly None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Paul C Banko U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REGION Research Wildlife Biologist physical

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Hawaii National Park HI 96718 USA 808-985-6402 808-967-8568 pbanko@usgs.gov Niela Leifi, American Samoa Community College, assisted in designing the field survey protocols, collecting specimens and data from the field, and conducting laboratory studies. Adam C. Miles, American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, contributed to the project design and collection of specimens and data from the field. Lofi Avele Lalogafu‘afu‘ and Salefu Tuvalu, American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, assisted with field surveys. Neil Gurr, American Samoa Community College, facilitated access to family lands and shared his knowledge of host plant and butterfly distributions. Kevin W. Brinck, Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Hilo, provided statistical and analytical support. Windows 10 Enterprise (version 1909), MS 365 Excel (version 2102) Surveys of host plants were conducted by trained observers acting individually and without checks for accuracy. All data is logical, consistent, and falls within expected ranges. All data was checked for duplications and omissions. Data represent measurements and observations only within the study area. NA NA At approximately monthly intervals, we searched for immature Papilio godeffroyi specimens on 117 individually marked Micromelum minutum host trees and saplings in eight forest stands on Tutuila Island from 6 June 2013 to 7 August 2014. We assessed the phenological condition of these trees plus an additional 74 trees (191 total) during 14 March 2013 to 7 August 2014. The phenological status of each tree was assessed by the presence or absence of new leaves, flowers, green fruit, red fruit, and leaf herbivory. Forest stands were functionally defined as clusters of ≥10 host trees (M. minutum), each separated by <50 meters from its nearest neighbor. However, trees at Afono and Maloata 1&2 were more diffuse, with 4 trees at Afono 50–100 meters apart and 7 trees or small clusters of trees at Maloata 1&2 100–250 m apart. The stands were similar in terms of elevation and vegetation structure regardless of stand size. The stand at Sauma consisted of a single large tree. Two stands each at Amalau and Maloata were originally identified as being separate but were later combined for analysis due to being <100 meters apart. These consolidated stands were subsequently designated as Amalau 1&2 and Maloata 1&2. Stands were named for the village closest to them. 20141103 Paul C. Banko U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REGION Research Wildlife Biologist physical

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Hawaii National Park Hawaii 96718 USA 808-985-6402 808-967-8568 pbanko@usgs.gov Samoan Swallowtail, Host Plant & Habitat, Tree Phenology_Data Release.xlsx (Sheet1) Excel Worksheet Producer Defined Stand Forest stands were functionally defined as clusters of ≥10 host trees (M. minutum), each separated by <50 meters from its nearest neighbor. Exceptions to this rule are noted in Process Step 1. Producer Defined Afono Forest stand near Afono Village. Producer defined Amalau 1 First forest stand near Amalau Village. Amalau 1 was later consolidated with Amalau 2 to establish Amalau 1&2. Producer defined Amalau 2 Second forest stand near Amalau Village. Amalau 2 was later consolidated with Amalau 1 to establish Amalau 1&2. Producer defined Amalau 3 Third forest stand near Amalau Village. Producer defined Maloata 1 First forest stand near Maloata Village. Maloata 1 was later consolidated with Maloata 2 to establish Maloata 1&2. Producer defined Maloata 2 Second forest stand near Maloata Village. Maloata 2 was later consolidated with Maloata 1 to establish Maloata 1&2. Producer defined Sauma Forest stand near Sauma Village. Producer defined Vatia 1 First forest stand near Vatia Village. Producer defined Vatia 2 Second forest stand near Vatia Village. Producer defined Vatia 3 Third forest stand near Vatia Village. Producer defined Tree ID Number assigned to each host tree in a stand. Note that in the consolidated stands of Amalau 1&2 and Maloata 1&2 trees were assigned numbers before the stands were consolidated; therefore, tree ID numbers overlap. Producer Defined 1 26 tree 1 Survey Type Two types of monthly surveys occurred: (1) survey for Papilio specimens and phenological status of the host tree (Papilio), and (2) host tree phenological status only (Phenology). One set of host trees was designated for Papilio surveys and another set of trees was designated for Phenology surveys. Producer Defined Papilio Survey conducted for Papilio specimens and phenological status of the host tree. Producer defined Phenology Survey conducted only for phenological status. Producer defined Date Date on which phenology was assessed. Producer Defined 03/13/2013 08/07/2014 day 1 New Leaves Presence or absence of new leaves: lighter shade of green and relatively supple Producer Defined TRUE New leaves present Producer defined FALSE New leaves not present Producer defined Flowers Presence or absence of flowers. Producer Defined TRUE Flowers present on tree. Producer defined FALSE Flowers not present on tree. Producer defined Green Fruit Presence or absence of green fruit, indicating fruit immaturity. Producer Defined TRUE Green fruit present on tree Producer defined FALSE Green fruit not present on tree. Producer defined Red Fruit Presence or absence of reddish or red fruit, indicating fruit maturity. Producer Defined TRUE Red fruit present on tree. Producer defined FALSE Red fruit not present on tree. Producer defined Herbivory Relative degree of leaf herbivory, as indicated by the percentage of leaflets consumed, presumably by Papilio larvae. All trees showed evidence of at least a nominal amount of herbivory. Producer Defined LOW Zero to 10% of leaflets consumed. Producer defined MODERATE Between 11% and 25% of leaflets consumed. Producer defined HIGH Between 26% and 50% of leaflets consumed. Producer defined SEVERE More than 51% of leaflets consumed. This category was not observed. Producer defined No leaves No leaves on tree because tree was dying or dead. Producer defined Not sampled Tree not found or not assessed. Producer defined The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set. The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A6CXQX None 20240708 U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REGION Data Steward physical

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Hawaii National Park HI 96718 USA 808-985-6420 pierc-datasteward@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999