Eliza L. Gross 20230215 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AHR2EQ https://geonarrative.usgs.gov/pa-rdn/ This dataset consists of Pennsylvania bridge over water locations that are being considered for flood data collection. The purpose of this effort is to identify potential locations in Pennsylvania where additional or updated water level data may be needed during or after major storm events. Criteria involved in the identification of potential locations for flood data collection includes locations of bridges over water, scour-critical bridges, densely populated areas, historical hurricane tracks, historical flood event data collection sites, counties with historical Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) disaster declarations, Social Vulnerability Index data, and flood-related disaster data provided by FEMA (insurance claims, individual assistance applications, and repetitive loss records). Pre-identification of these locations in anticipation of a flood event ensures that areas of interest are being targeted and allows for expedited decision-making related to site selection, resulting in safer and more timely installation of equipment. 1861 2022 publication date Complete None planned Pennsylvania -80.5200 -74.6900 42.2600 39.7100 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation environment USGS Thesaurus water resource management floods streamflow hazards field monitoring stations field inventory and monitoring stream-gage measurement USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:629a6773d34ec53d276f4882 Geographic Names Information System Pennsylvania None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov In cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. The dataset represents a portion of bridge over water locations in Pennsylvania. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable. Center For International Earth Science Information Network-CIESIN-Columbia University 2021 publication n/a Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) accessed April 5, 2022 https://doi.org/10.7927/6s2a-9r49 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2021 publication date Columbia University (2021) raster digital data Xiao Huang 2020 publication n/a Harvard Dataverse accessed February 14, 2022 https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/dlgp7y Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 publication date Huang (2020) raster digital data Federal Emergency Management Agency 2022 tabular digital data accessed April 6, 2022 https://www.fema.gov/openfema-data-page/disaster-declarations-summaries-v2 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1965 2021 publication date Federal Emergency Management Agency (2022) Digital data table National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration 2022 vector digital data accessed March 29, 2022 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/international-best-track-archive-for-climate-stewardship-ibtracs/v04r00/access/shapefile/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 1861 2021 publication date National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (2022) Vector digital data Pennsylvania Department of Transportation 2020 vector digital data accessed March 26, 2020 https://www.pasda.psu.edu/download/padot/boundary_layers/historic/PaCounty/PaCounty2020_01.zip Digital and/or Hardcopy 202001 publication date Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2020) Vector digital data Pennsylvania Department of Transportation 2022 vector digital data accessed March 15, 2022 https://data-pennshare.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/PennShare::pennsylvania-bridges/about Digital and/or Hardcopy 2022 publication date Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2022) Vector digital data U.S. Geological Survey 2020 vector digital data accessed November 24, 2020 https://prd-tnm.s3.amazonaws.com/StagedProducts/Hydrography/NHD/State/HighResolution/GDB/NHD_H_Pennsylvania_State_GDB.zip Digital and/or Hardcopy 1988 2012 publication date U.S. Geological Survey (2020) Vector, raster, and tabular digital data U.S. Geological Survey 2022 tabular digital data accessed April 5, 2022 https://stn.wim.usgs.gov/STNDataPortal/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 1888 2021 publication date U.S. Geological Survey (2022) Digital data tables A shapefile of geospatial data describing Pennsylvania State and Local Bridge Points was obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation's (PADOT) Bridge Management System 2 (BMS2) available on the PADOT’s spatial data portal website (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2022). The data provide information pertaining to the current condition of Pennsylvania’s bridges such as location, features carried/crossed, owner, maintenance responsibility, posting status, structural capacity, load rating, inspection condition information, underwater inspection information and proposed/completed maintenance items. The bridge dataset utilized throughout these process steps does not necessarily include every single bridge in Pennsylvania and only includes those bridges from PADOT's BMS2 that were in the dataset available on the PADOT’s spatial data portal website (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2022) at the time of download (March 15, 2022). Unless otherwise noted in the process steps, all spatial data editing and extracting, along with the tools utilized for these processes, were performed using ArcGIS Desktop [GIS software] Version 10.8.1, Redlands, California: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 2020. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2022) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov The Select tool from the Data Management – Extract toolbox was used to extract all bridges located over a waterway using the “SCOURCRIT” attribute ("SCOURCRIT" <> 'N'; 'N' indicates "Not Over Waterway") to create a new dataset of 27,444 bridges with an output projected coordinate system of PA Albers, which is a US Albers Equal Area Conic projection that is centered on Pennsylvania with a Central Meridian of -78 to minimize distortion in the state for spatial analysis. The dataset of 27,444 bridges was edited to remove five records with incomplete spatial data coordinates (missing DEC_LAT attributes) and ten records with spatial coordinates that did not spatially intersect a dataset of Pennsylvania county boundaries (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2020), resulting in a dataset of 27,429 bridges over water (hereafter referred to as the bridge over water dataset). Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2020) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov A new field called “ScoCritVar” was added to the dataset using the Add Field tool from the Data Management – Fields toolbox. This field was used to populate a value in relation to whether a bridge is considered a scour-critical bridge over water using the SCOURCRIT attribute from the bridge over water dataset (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2022). All scour-critical bridges were selected ("SCOURCRIT" = '0' OR "SCOURCRIT" = '1' OR "SCOURCRIT" = '2' OR "SCOURCRIT" = '3') using the Select By Attributes tool and were assigned a weight of 1 using the Calculate Field tool. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2022) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov A dataset consisting of a 100-meter population grid representing people per 100-meter grid cell was downloaded from Harvard Dataverse (Huang, 2020). This dataset disaggregates the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates (2013–2017) for census tracts according to building footprints and attempts to portray populations where they actually reside within a census tract (Huang, 2020). The downloaded population dataset (Huang, 2020) was projected to PA Albers. The Focal Statistics Spatial Analyst tool was used to calculate the mean population density within a radius of 1 kilometer of each cell, and these values were extracted for each point in the bridge over water dataset using the Extract Values to Points Spatial Analyst tool. Mean population density within a 1-kilometer radius of each cell was calculated before extracting values to account for the fact that bridges represented as points plot over bodies of water that potentially have no data or population densities of 0. Therefore, creating a new dataset representing the mean population within a 1-kilometer radius of each raster cell makes sure that population data extracted for bridge points are more representative of populations within the specified distance of those points. Values representing mean population density (people per 100-meter grid cell) within a 1-kilometer radius extracted for the bridge over water dataset were populated in a new field called “POP” and ranged from 1 to 157.026993 with 530 bridges having no data due to their locations in rural areas. Another field called “POPVar” was added to the bridge over water dataset, and this attribute was populated by dividing the “POP” field by the maximum value of 157.026993 to create an attribute with standardized values ranging from 0 to 1 to represent mean population density within a 1-kilometer radius of each bridge over water. The 530 bridges with no population data were assigned a weight of 0 for the “POPVar” attribute. Huang (2020) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov A line feature shapefile representing International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship data containing historical (1861-2021) hurricane tracks was downloaded from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration website (2022). The Select By Attribute tool was used to select all historical hurricane tracks from the dataset that fall within the North Atlantic basin based on the dataset’s “BASIN” attribute, and the selected data were exported to a new shapefile with an output projected coordinate system of PA Albers. The line feature shapefile was converted to a density raster by calculating the magnitude-per-unit area from each line feature falling within a specified radius of each cell using the Line Density Spatial Analyst tool. A default radius of 9,483 meters was used, which represents the shortest of the width or height of the output extent in the output spatial reference, divided by 30, and the output data area units were designated as square kilometers. Geoprocessing environment settings were specified with the output raster environment snapped to the PA Albers projected population density raster digital dataset (Huang, 2020) and the processing extent and raster analysis mask set to a dataset of Pennsylvania county boundaries (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2020). Hurricane track density values were extracted for the bridge over water dataset using the Extract Values to Points Spatial Analyst tool, resulting in values ranging from 0 to 0.514686 kilometers per square kilometer, and these values were populated in a new field called “HUR.” Another field called “HURVar” was added to the bridge over water dataset, and this attribute was populated by dividing the “HUR” field by the maximum value of 0.514686 to create an attribute with standardized values ranging from 0 to 1 to represent hurricane track density at each bridge over water. Huang (2020) Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2020) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov High-water mark and sensor data were downloaded for Pennsylvania from the USGS STN Flood Event Data Download website as two separate comma-separated values (CSV) files (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). The latitude and longitude attributes from both files were combined into a single CSV file, and each record was differentiated as representing high-water mark or instrument data. The spatial coordinates (XY values) for the data were plotted using the Display XY Data tool with the resulting feature class exported as a shapefile with an output projected coordinate system of PA Albers to create a dataset representing historical flood event data collection sites. The Near Analysis Tool was used to calculate the distance between each point in the bridge over water dataset and the nearest point in the historical flood event data collection site dataset. This process resulted in values ranging from 0.062882 to 7,7615.097102 meters, and these values were populated in a new field called “FLEV.” The resulting distances were divided by the maximum value of 77,615.097102 meters and then subtracted from 1 to create an attribute with standardized values ranging from 0 to 0.999999. These values were populated in a new field called “FLEVVar,” with values of 0.999999 representing closer distances to the nearest historical flood event data collection site and values of 0 representing further distances to the nearest site. U.S. Geological Survey (2022) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov A digital data table of county-level disaster declarations was downloaded from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) website (2022). A total of 1,239 disaster declarations for Pennsylvania were extracted from the data table. Seven statewide disaster declarations were removed, and the remaining disaster declarations were summarized by county using Microsoft Excel. The resulting data table was joined with a shapefile of Pennsylvania county boundaries (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2020) based on county name, and the disaster declaration counts were populated in a new field in the county boundary shapefile using the Field Calculator tool. The area of each county in square kilometers was calculated in a new field using the Calculate Geometry tool. A new field was added to the county boundary shapefile, and the Field Calculator tool was used to calculate each county’s disaster declaration density in number of disaster declarations per 1,000 square kilometers by dividing the number of disaster declarations in each county by the county’s area in square kilometers and multiplying the result by 1,000. The Spatial Join Analysis Tool was used to join each point in the bridge over water dataset with the intersecting county-level disaster declaration density dataset. The number of disaster declarations per 1,000 square kilometers for each bridge over water was populated in a new field called “DD,” and these values ranged from 0 to 67.650581 disaster declarations per 1,000 square kilometers. The resulting values were divided by the maximum value of 67.650581 disaster declarations per 1,000 square kilometers to create an attribute with standardized values ranging from 0 to 1, which were populated in a new field called “DDVar.” Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2020) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov A 1-kilometer raster dataset representing Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) percentile ranking was downloaded from the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center website (Columbia University, 2021). The SVI dataset was prepared by Columbia University’s Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) by rasterizing the original Centers for Disease Control and Prevention vector inputs and using inputs from a CIESIN raster population dataset to apply a mask for areas where there is no population present (for example: bodies of water). The Focal Statistics Spatial Analyst tool was used to calculate the mean SVI value within a radius of 1 kilometer of each cell using default tool settings, and these values were extracted for each point in the bridge over water dataset using the Extract Values to Points Spatial Analyst tool. The mean SVI value within a 1-kilometer radius of each cell was calculated before extracting values to account for the fact that bridges represented as points plot over bodies of water that potentially have no data due to the mask for water and no population that had been applied to the original dataset (Columbia University, 2021). Geoprocessing environment settings were specified with the output raster environment snapped to the PA Albers projected population density raster digital dataset (Huang, 2020) and the processing extent and raster analysis mask set to a feature dataset of Pennsylvania county boundaries (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2020). Values representing mean SVI value within a 1-kilometer radius that were extracted for the bridge over water dataset were populated in a new field called “SVI” and ranged from 0.0007 to 0.957867 with 10 bridges having no data due to their locations in areas of no population that had been masked in the original SVI dataset. Another field called “SVIVar” was added to the bridge over water dataset, and this attribute was populated by dividing the “SVI” field by the maximum value of 0.957867 to create an attribute with standardized values ranging from 0 to 1 to represent mean SVI value within a 1-kilometer radius of each bridge over water. The 10 bridges with no SVI data were assigned a weight of 0 for the “SVIVar” attribute. Columbia University (2021) Huang (2020) Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2020) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov Three datasets were provided by FEMA (William Melville III, Federal Emergency Management Agency, unpub. data, October 6, 2021) to represent density of locations for flood-related insurance claims, individual assistance applications, and repetitive losses. The three density datasets were derived from their original point feature classes in order to generalize the locational data for privacy purposes. FEMA’s preprocessing steps involving the point feature classes before providing the density datasets to the USGS are described in greater detail in this process step and were performed using ArcGIS Pro [GIS software] Version 2.8, Redlands, California: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 2021. The insurance claims point feature class includes claim point data dating from 1975 through August 2021 with each point representing a single claim. The point feature class was converted to a density raster by calculating the magnitude-per-unit area from point features that fall within a neighborhood around each cell using the Point Density Spatial Analyst tool. Each feature (claim) was counted once according to a circular neighborhood using the default cell size (1,365 meters) and radius (11,372 meters), where the default radius is calculated as the shortest of the width or height of the extent of the input point features, in the output spatial reference (National Spatial Reference System 2011), divided by 30, with the output data area units designated as square kilometers. The individual assistance application point feature class includes individual assistance application data dating from 2003 through July 2021 with each point representing the centroid of a 1-kilometer square grid. For each 1-kilometer square in the grid dataset, the total sum of all applications (all people who applied for damage) for flood, hurricane, tornado, and severe storm incident types had been aggregated. The centroid of each cell was calculated with the total sum of individual assistance applications retained in the resulting point feature class dataset. The point feature class was converted to a density raster by calculating the magnitude-per-unit area from point features that fall within a neighborhood around each cell using the Point Density Spatial Analyst tool. Each feature (total sum of individual assistance applications within a 1-kilometer grid cell) was counted once according to a circular neighborhood using the default cell size (1,312 meters) and radius (10,930 meters), where the default radius is calculated as the shortest of the width or height of the extent of the input point features, in the output spatial reference (National Spatial Reference System 2011), divided by 30, with the output data area units designated as square kilometers. The repetitive loss record point feature class includes repetitive loss record data representing all losses from 1975 through August 2021 with each point representing a single repetitive loss record. The point feature class was converted to a density raster by calculating the magnitude-per-unit area from point features that fall within a neighborhood around each cell using the Point Density Spatial Analyst tool. Each feature (repetitive loss record) was counted once according to a circular neighborhood using the default cell size (1,300 meters) and radius (10,831 meters), where the default radius is calculated as the shortest of the width or height of the extent of the input point features, in the output spatial reference (National Spatial Reference System 2011), divided by 30, with the output data area units designated as square kilometers. (William Melville III, Federal Emergency Management Agency, unpub. data, October 6, 2021) 2021 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov After the three datasets were provided to the USGS, each dataset was projected to PA Albers using the Project Raster Data Management tool with the nearest resampling technique assigned. Geoprocessing environment settings were specified with the output raster environment snapped to the PA Albers projected population density raster digital dataset (Huang, 2020) and the processing extent and raster analysis mask set to a feature dataset of Pennsylvania county boundaries (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2020). Insurance claim, individual assistance application, and repetitive loss record density values were then extracted for the bridge over water dataset using the Extract Values to Points Spatial Analyst tool, resulting in values ranging from 0 to 12.9873, 0 to 172.072998, and 0 to 2.5504 kilometers per square kilometer, respectively, with 19, 15, and 115 bridges having no data due to their locations outside of the default radius used to determine the density of each point feature dataset. Calculated values were populated in new fields called “CLA”, “INDA”, and “REPL”, respectively. Three additional fields called “CLAVar,” “INDAVar,” and “REPLVar” were added to the bridge over water dataset, and these attributes were populated by dividing the “CLA”, “INDA”, “REPL” fields by the maximum values of “12.9873”, “172.072998”, “2.5504” kilometers per square kilometer, respectively. This created three attributes with standardized values ranging from 0 to 1 that represent the density of insurance claims, individual assistance applications, and repetitive loss records in kilometers per square kilometer for each bridge over water. Bridges with no data for the “CLA”, “INDA”, and “REPL” attributes were assigned a value of 0 for the “CLAVar,” “INDAVar,” and “REPLVar” attributes, respectively. Huang (2020) Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2020) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov Standardized values for populated areas (POPVar) and SVI (SVIVar) were weighted by weighting factors to establish priority levels for these variables over other the remaining variables (M.A. Roland, and M.H. Stuckey, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun(s)., December 22, 2021). A field called “POPVarW” was added to the bridge over water dataset, and the Field Calculator tool was used to weight the standardized values for populated areas by a weighting factor of 2 (POPVarW = [POPVar] * 2) to establish a high priority for the variable, which resulted in values ranging from 0 to 2. A field called “SVIVarW” was added to the bridge over water dataset, and the Field Calculator tool was used to weight the standardized values for SVI by a weighting factor of 1.5 (SVIVarW = [SVIVar] * 1.5) to establish a medium-to-high priority for the variable, which resulted in values ranging from 0 to 1.5. The remaining seven variables (ScoCritVar, HURVar, FLEVVar, DDVar, CLAVar, INDAVar, and REPLVar) were considered to be medium priority and were already weighted by a weighting factor of 1. (M.A. Roland, and M.H. Stuckey, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun(s)., December 22, 2021) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov A field called “SUMVar” was added to the bridge over water dataset, and the Field Calculator tool was used to sum the nine variables and divide the sum of the variables by nine, which represents the total number of variables: (([ScoCritVar] + [POPVarW] + [HURVar] + [FLEVVar] + [DDVar] + [SVIVarW] + [CLAVar] + [INDAVar] + [REPLVar]) / 9). This resulted in values ranging from 0.063386 to 0.708162 for the “SUMVar” attribute. Another field called “SUMVarPCT” was added to the bridge over water dataset, and this attribute was populated by dividing the “SUMVar” field by the maximum value of 0.708162 and multiplying the result by 100 (([SUMVar] / 0.708162) * 100) to create an attribute with standardized values ranging from 8.950779 to 99.999961 with increasing values representing an increased need for flood data collection. 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov A field called “TOP50” was added to the bridge over water dataset. The 50 records with the highest overall values of the “SUMVarPCT” attribute were selected, and the “TOP50” attribute for these selected records was populated as “1” using the Field Calculator tool. 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov The Spatial Join Analysis Tool was used to join intersecting county boundary data (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 2020) to the bridge over water dataset. A field called “TOPCOUNTY” was added to the bridge over water dataset. The 67 records with the highest “SUMVarPCT” attribute value in each of Pennsylvania’s 67 counties (“COUNTY_NAM” attribute) were selected by executing the following code in the Python window, and the “TOPCOUNTY” attribute for these selected records was populated as “1” using the Field Calculator tool. import arcpy layer = 'PA_Bridges_Extract' fields = ['COUNTY_NAM', 'SUMVarPCT', 'OID@'] all_rows = [i for i in arcpy.da.SearchCursor(layer, fields)] all_rows_sorted = sorted(all_rows, key=lambda x: x[1]) d={} for row in all_rows_sorted: d[row[0]] = row [2] oids_to_select = [k for k in d.values()] sql = """{0} IN({1})""".format(arcpy.AddFieldDelimiters(layer,arcpy.Describe(layer).OIDFieldname), ','.join([str(o) for o in oids_to_select])) arcpy.SelectLayerByAttribute_management(in_layer_or_view=layer, where_clause=sql) Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2020) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov The Spatial Join Analysis Tool was used to join intersecting 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC8) watershed boundary data (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020) to the bridge over water dataset. A field called “TOPHUC8” was added to the bridge over water dataset. The 56 records with the highest “SUMVarPCT” attribute value in each of Pennsylvania’s 56 HUC8 watershed boundaries (“HUC8” attribute) were selected by executing the following code in the Python window, and the “TOPHUC8” attribute for these selected records was populated as “1” using the Field Calculator tool. import arcpy layer = 'PA_Bridges_Extract' fields = ['HUC8', 'SUMVarPCT', 'OID@'] all_rows = [i for i in arcpy.da.SearchCursor(layer, fields)] all_rows_sorted = sorted(all_rows, key=lambda x: x[1]) d={} for row in all_rows_sorted: d[row[0]] = row [2] oids_to_select = [k for k in d.values()] sql = """{0} IN({1})""".format(arcpy.AddFieldDelimiters(layer,arcpy.Describe(layer).OIDFieldname), ','.join([str(o) for o in oids_to_select])) arcpy.SelectLayerByAttribute_management(in_layer_or_view=layer, where_clause=sql) U.S. Geological Survey (2020) 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov A field called “TOPSUM” was added to the bridge over water dataset. The “TOP50,” “TOPCOUNTY,” and “TOPHUC8,” attributes were added together using the Calculate Field Tool (TOPSUM = [TOP50] + [TOPCOUNTY] + [TOPHUC8]) so that records exhibiting the 50 highest overall “SUMVarPCT” values or highest values within a county or HUC8 could be identified in the bridge over water dataset. 2022 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

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New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov Point Point 27,429 PA Albers US Albers Equal Area Conic projection that is centered on Pennsylvania with a Central Meridian of -78 DR_2022_Table.xlsx (DR_2022_Table) Excel Worksheet containing a database of site selection data used for the development of a flood data collection rapid deployment network in Pennsylvania Producer Defined OBJECTID Identification value Producer Defined 3918864 52195004 BRKEY Bridge Key - Bridge reference number. This is a unique key that is permanently assigned to the bridge structure and will not change due to segment realignment. Producer Defined 2 68907 CTY_CODE PennDOT County code - PennDOT County code NOT the Commonwealth`s Producer Defined 1 67 ST_RT_NO State route number Producer Defined 1 9412 SEG_NO Segment number Producer Defined 0 9999 OFFSET Segment Offset - Offset at attribute start point. Producer Defined 0 4215 ADMIN_JURI Administration Jurisdiction - Jurisdiction codes as used by BMS2. Producer Defined 1 PENNDOT Producer defined 6 Townships Producer defined 7 City/Borough/Other Producer defined 5 County Producer defined - Undisclosed Producer defined 2 Other State Agency Producer defined 9 Private Producer defined 8 Combination Producer defined N Non-highway Producer defined 3 Federal Domain Producer defined DEC_LAT Decimal Latitude Degrees - Derived latitude as decimal degrees. Producer Defined 39.721 42.2475 DEC_LONG Decimal Longitude Degrees - Derived longitude as negative decimal degrees. Producer Defined -80.5191 -74.698 BRIDGE_ID Bridge ID - Bridge structure identifier. Producer Defined 1001500300000 67804702603945 FEATINT Features Intersected Description - Description of the features intersected by the structure. Producer Defined Description of the features intersected by the structure. DISTRICT District Number - PennDOT Engineering District number. Producer Defined 1 12 FACILITY Facility Description - Description of the facility carried by the structure. Producer Defined Description of the facility carried by the structure. LOCATION Bridge Location - Descriptive location of bridge. Producer Defined Descriptive location of bridge. OWNER Bridge Owner - Owner or principal custodian of the bridge. Producer Defined 1 STATE HIGHWAY AGENCY Producer defined 2 COUNTY HIGHWAY AGENCY Producer defined 4 CITY, MUNICIPAL, HIGHWAY AGENCY, OR BOROUGH Producer defined 3 TOWN OR TOWNSHIP HIGHWAY AGENCY Producer defined 27 RAILROAD Producer defined 25 OTHER LOCAL AGENCIES Producer defined YEARBUILT Year Built - Year that bridge was built. Producer Defined 1697 2022 YEARRECON Year Reconstructed - Year of last major bridge reconstruction. Producer Defined 0 2022 SERVTYPON Service Type On Bridge - Type of service on bridge. Producer Defined 1 HIGHWAY Producer defined 5 HIGHWAY - PEDESTRIAN Producer defined 4 HIGHWAY - RAILROAD Producer defined 6 OVERPASS STRUCTURE AT INTERCHANGE LEVEL Producer defined SERVTYPUND Service Type Under Bridge - Type of service under bridge. Producer Defined 5 WATERWAY Producer defined 8 HIGHWAY - WATERWAY - RAILROAD Producer defined 6 HIGHWAY - WATERWAY Producer defined 9 RELIEF (WATERWAY) Producer defined 7 RAILROAD - WATERWAY Producer defined 1 HIGHWAY W/ OR W/O PEDESTRIAN Producer defined 0 PRIVATE ROAD OR OTHER Producer defined MAINSPANS Main Bridge Spans - Number of spans in main unit. Producer Defined 0 117 APPSPANS Approach Spans - Number of approach spans. Producer Defined 0 283 LENGTH Bridge Length - Total overall length of the bridge. Producer Defined 8.0 8780.0 feet DECKWIDTH Bridge Deck Width Producer Defined 0.0 1350.0 feet DKSURFTYPE Bridge Deck Surface Type Producer Defined N NOT APPLICABLE Producer defined 1 CONCRETE Producer defined 6 BITUMINOUS Producer defined 5 EPOXY OVERLAY Producer defined 0 NONE (eg, STEEL GRID) Producer defined P Undisclosed Producer defined 7 TIMBER Producer defined 8 GRAVEL Producer defined 9 OTHER Producer defined 3 LATEX CONCRETE Producer defined 2 CONCRETE OVERLAY Producer defined 4 LOW SLUMP CONCRETE Producer defined SCOURCRIT Scour critical indicator Producer Defined 8 Stable; Scour is above the top of the footing Producer defined 4 Stable; Action required Producer defined 5 Stable; Scour within limits of footing or piles Producer defined 7 Non-critical; Previous scour problems corrected Producer defined 3 Critical; Foundations unstable Producer defined 2 Critical; Extensive scour; immediate action Producer defined 1 Critical: Failure is imminent; Closed to traffic Producer defined 9 Bridge foundation well above flood water elevation Producer defined 6 No evaluation yet; May be susceptible to scour Producer defined 0 Critical; Bridge has failed; Closed to traffic Producer defined ScoCritVar SCOURCRIT attribute reclassified (1 = SCOURCRIT values of '0', '1', '2', or '3'; 0 = all other SCOURCRIT values) Producer Defined 0 all other (all other SCOURCRIT values) Producer defined 1 scour critical (SCOURCRIT values of '0', '1', '2', or '3') Producer defined POP Mean population density (in people per 100-meter grid cell) within a 1-kilometer radius Producer Defined -9999 No Data Producer defined 1 157 count per 100 square meters POPVar POP attribute divided by its maximum value Producer Defined 0.0 0.999999998714 HUR Hurricane track density in kilometers per square kilometer Producer Defined 0.0 0.514685988426 kilometers per square kilometer HURVar HUR attribute divided by its maximum value Producer Defined 0.0 0.999999977513 FLEV Distance to nearest point in the historical flood event data collection site dataset in meters Producer Defined 0.0628818910814 77615.0971016 meters FLEVVar FLEV attribute divided by its maximum value then subtracted from 1 Producer Defined 5.15365528031e-12 0.999999189824 DD Number of disaster declarations per 1,000 square kilometers Producer Defined 4.1726060686 67.6505811184 count per 1,000 square kilometers DDVar DD attribute divided by its maximum value Producer Defined 0.0616787913263 1.00000000175 SVI Average Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) value within a 1-kilometer radius Producer Defined -9999 No Data Producer defined 0.000699999975041 0.957867026329 SVIVar SVI attribute divided by its maximum value Producer Defined 0.0 1.00000002749 CLA Number of flood-related insurance claims per square kilometer Producer Defined -9999 No Data Producer defined 0 12 count per square kilometer CLAVar CLA attribute divided by its maximum value Producer Defined 0.0 0.999999993771 INDA Number of flood-related individual assistance applications per square kilometer Producer Defined -9999 No Data Producer defined 0 172 count per square kilometer INDAVar INDA attribute divided by its maximum value Producer Defined 0.0 1.00000000027 REPL Number of flood-related repetitive loss records per square kilometer Producer Defined -9999 No Data Producer defined 0 2 count per square kilometer REPLVar REPL attribute divided by its maximum value Producer Defined 0.0 1.00000000733 POPVarW POPVar multiplied by a weighting factor of 2 Producer Defined 0.0 1.99999999743 SVIVarW SVIVar multiplied by a weighting factor of 1.5 Producer Defined 0.0 1.50000004124 SUMVar ([ScoCritVar] + [POPVarW] + [HURVar] + [FLEVVar] + [DDVar] + [SVIVarW] + [CLAVar] + [INDAVar] + [REPLVar]) / 9 Producer Defined 0.0633860152786 0.708161724949 SUMVarPCT SUMVar attribute divided by its maximum value and multiplied by 100 Producer Defined 8.95077895716 99.9999611599 percent TOP50 Variable indicating highest 50 SUMVarPCT values (1 = 50 highest values, 0 = all other) Producer Defined 0 all other Producer defined 1 50 highest values Producer defined TOPCOUNTY Variable indicating highest SUMVarPCT value in each county (1 = highest value in county, 0 = all other) Producer Defined 0 all other Producer defined 1 highest value in county Producer defined TOPHUC8 Variable indicating highest SUMVarPCT value in each 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC8) watershed boundary (1 = highest value in HUC8 watershed, 0 = all other) Producer Defined 0 all other Producer defined 1 highest value in HUC8 watershed Producer defined TOPSUM [TOP50] + [TOPCOUNTY] + [TOPHUC8] Producer Defined 0 3 COUNTY_NAM County name Producer Defined County name COUNTY_NUM PennDOT County code - PennDOT County code NOT the Commonwealth`s; attribute populated based on spatial location, suggest verifying spatial coordinates if value differs from CTY_CODE attribute Producer Defined 1 67 FIPS_COUNT County Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); see https://data.pa.gov/widgets/44ch-j9ei for more details Producer Defined 1 133 HUC8 Numeric identifier for each HUC8 watershed boundary Producer Defined Numeric identifier for each HUC8 watershed boundary Name Name assigned to each HUC8 watershed boundary Producer Defined Name assigned to each HUC8 watershed boundary GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AHR2EQ None 20230215 Eliza L Gross U.S. Geological Survey, CORE SCIENCE SYSTEMS National Map Liaison mailing address

215 Limekiln Road

New Cumberland PA 17070 US 717-730-6973 egross@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999