Sporleder, Bradley A. DeMott, Laura M. Fisher, Benjamin N. Keto, Douglas S. Fisher, Shannon R. 20240103 Shapefile (.shp) and raster (.tif) Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AYMP94 Sporleder, Brad A. Fisher, Benjamin N. Keto, Douglas S. Kappel, William M. Reddy, James E. DeMott, Laura M. 2021 Online Publication Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215094 Using publicly available data for Madison and Oneida counties, New York, a series of geospatial overlays were created at 1:24,000 scale to examine the bedrock geology, groundwater table, soils, and surficial geology. Bedrock and surficial geology were refined using extant bedrock maps, well and borehole data from water- and gas-wells, soil data, and lidar data. Groundwater data were collected from New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and U.S. Geological Survey water-well databases to estimate the groundwater table. Soil data were used to examine soil thickness over bedrock and infiltration. An inventory of closed depressions was created using reconditioned lidar-derived bare-earth digital elevation models (DEMs) and a modeled stream network. Closed depressions were identified from the processed DEMs using threshold criteria of 10 and 30 centimeters (3.9 and 11.8 inches) for depth and 100 square meters (1076 square feet) for area. A combination of hydrologic, mining, and cultural features was used to eliminate false positives and filter out features that overlie existing waterbodies, streams, and mines and to remove artificial dams along roadways and railways. This data release includes shapefiles containing the well data information including location, well depth, depth to bedrock, and groundwater depth; bedrock geology; surficial geology; interpolated bedrock surface contours; interpolated groundwater surface contours; soil saturated hydraulic conductivity; soil classes; and modeled closed depressions of 10 cm and 30 cm depth thresholds. This release also contains rasters of the interpolated bedrock surface, interpolated groundwater surface and land use. To provide resource managers data to more efficiently manage and protect groundwater resources in karst prone areas in Madison and Oneida counties, NY. 2022 publication date Complete None planned -76.0058 -75.2481 43.2542 42.7460 USGS Thesaurus Karst Groundwater Closed Depression USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6234e0dcd34ec9f19eebd4f8 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) New York United States Madison County Oneida County none Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of this information. Laura M DeMott U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center Geologist mailing address

3075 Gracie Road

Cortland NY 13045 US 607-753-9391 ldemott@usgs.gov New York State Department of Environmental Conservation The interpolated bedrock and groundwater surfaces were created using the Geostatistical Wizard application in ArcGIS. The best interpolation method was determined by the method that produces the lowest root mean square error. The “verify” attribute in the MadOne_xxcm.shp indicates a random subsampling of closed depressions in each county pair performed on 1 percent of the features to determine if the randomly chosen feature is in fact a closed depression regardless of origin or potential for contamination. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted U.S. Department of Agriculture 2014 Shapefile Washington D.C. U.S. Department of Agriculture https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053628. Online 18990101 20051231 Current gSSURGO Depth to bedrock and hydraulic conductivity information New York State Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Clearinghouse 2018 raster Albany, NY New York State Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Clearinghouse http://gis.ny.gov/elevation/NYS-High-Res-DEM.htm Online 20020101 20190101 Current NYS DEM Elevation of the land surface U.S. Geological Survey 2017 Shapefile Reston,VA U.S. Geological Survey https://www.usgs.gov/core-sciencesystems/ngp/hydrography/national-hydrography-dataset online 20170101 20171231 Current NHD Used in eliminating closed depression modeling false positives New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 2019 Shapefile Albany, NY New York State Department of Environmental Conservation https://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/5374.html Online 20190101 20191231 current DEC Mining Used in eliminating closed depression modeling false positives Microsoft 2020 Raster Seattle, WA Microsoft https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/maps/building-footprints Online 20200101 20201231 current Buildings Used in eliminating closed depression modeling false positives U.S. Geological Survey 2017 Shapefile, Raster Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/national-hydrography-dataset Online 20170101 20171231 current National Map Used in eliminating closed depression modeling false positives and for land-surface elevation data to create bedrock and groundwater elevation rasters New York State Museum 2019 Shapefile Albany, NY New York State Museum https://esogis.nysm.nysed.gov/index.cfm Online 19000101 20201231 current ESOGIS Information on bedrock depth for the well database Homer, C.G. 2015 Shapefile (.shp) and raster (.tif) Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://www.mrlc.gov/ Online 20010101 20111231 current NLCD Used to determine land use/land cover New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 2018 Excel Spreadsheet Albany, NY New York State Department of Environmental Conservation https://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/33317.html Online 20010101 20180608 current NYSDEC Information on bedrock and groundwater depth for the well database U.S. Geological Survey 2016 Excel Spreadsheet Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/ Online 20071001 20190120 current NWIS Information on bedrock and groundwater depth for the well database Hopkins, T.C. 1914 PDF Albany, NY New York State Museum http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/publications/bulletins Online 19140101 19141231 current Syracuse quad Used to refine bedrock surficial contacts Reynolds, R..J. 1990 PDF Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884091 Online 19900101 19901231 current Mohawk River Used to refine surficial contacts Dale, N.C. 1953 PDF Albany, NY New York State Museum http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/publications/bulletins Digital and/or Hardcopy 19530101 19531231 current Oriskany quad Used to refine bedrock surficial contacts Wells: Well data were compiled from NYSDEC water well completion reports, retrievals from the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database, retrievals from the ESOGIS database, and NYSDOT boring logs. This information is contained within a shapefile created using ArcGIS. 2019 Bedrock and Surficial Geology: Contacts for bedrock and surficial geology units were revised using preexisting 1:24000 scale geologic maps and topographic features from 1-2m lidar data. This information is contained within a shapefile created using ArcGIS. 2019 Bedrock and Groundwater Surfaces: Surfaces were modeled using information from the well data and various established interpolation techniques that produced the lowest mean error. The depth surfaces were modeled using the Geostatistical Wizard in ArcGIS and using depth to bedrock and groundwater data from the well database. The bedrock and groundwater elevation rasters were obtained by subtracting the depth surfaces from the land-surface elevation obtained from the National Elevation Dataset. The depth-to-bedrock surface was modeled using Enhanced Bayesian Kriging using a K-Bessel detrended semivariogram and an empirical transformation. The groundwater surface was modeled using Enhanced Bayesian Kriging using a K-Bessel detreneded semivariogram and a log-empirical transformation. This information is contained within a shapefile created using ArcGIS. 2019 Soil Classes: Classes were determined based on the depth to bedrock for soil units (<20", 20"-40", or 40"+ over carbaonate bedrock or ; 20" or 20"+ over noncarbonate bedrock) and whether the underlying bedrock was carbonate or noncarbonate. 2019 Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (ksat): Ksat data was compiled from the gSSURGO database and converted from micrometers per second to inches per hour. 2019 Land Cover/Land Use data was compiled from the National Land Cover Database and assigned values to indicate generalized use or coverage types. The generalized use types is based on the types described in Kappel, W.M., Reddy, J.E., and Root, J.C., 2020, Statewide assessment of karst aquifers in New York with an inventory of closed-depression and focused-recharge features: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5030, 74 p., accessed July 19, 2020, at https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205030. 2019 Raster 1.0E-5 1.0E-5 Decimal degrees GCS_North_American_1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.2572221010042 MadOne_Wells.shp Shapefile containing information about each well record for the Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined WellNO An alphanumeric site name for each well Producer defined A site name for each well containing a mix of letters and/or numerals Latitude Latitude location of each well in decimal degrees (NAD83). Producer defined 42.750176 43.250037 decimal degrees Longitude Longitude location of each well in decimal degrees (NAD83). Producer defined -75.999613 -75.24961 decimal degrees Elevation Elevation of land surface in feet from North American Vertical Datum 1988 Producer defined 369.22 1804.14 feet Depth Depth of well reported from well record in feet below land surface. "-9999" indicates data not available Producer defined 4 1020 feet Bedrock Depth to bedrock reported from well record in feet below land surface. "-9999" indicates data not available. Producer defined 0 340 feet Water Depth to static groundwater level reported from well record in feet below land surface. "-9999" indicates data not available. Producer defined -1 480 feet Lithology Abbreviation of the rock type nearest the land surface reported from well record. "--" indicates data not available or bedrock not present in the well. Producer defined -- Data unavailable or bedrock not present in the well Producer defined BR Bedrock present but lithology unknown. Producer defined Ls Limestone Producer defined Ls+Sh A mixture of limestone and shale Producer defined Sh Shale Producer defined Sh+Ls A mixture of shale and limestone Producer defined Sh+Ss A mixture of shale and sandstone Producer defined Sh+$s A mixture of shale and siltstone Producer defined Sh+Sl A mixture of shale and slate Producer defined Ss Sandstone Producer defined Ss+Ls A mixture of sandstone and limestone Producer defined Ss+Sh A mixture of sandstone and shale Producer defined $s Siltstone Producer defined Sl Slate Producer defined MadOne_Bedrock_Geology.shp Shapefile containing locations and unit labels of the bedrock geologic units Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined Length Perimeter length of polygon feature. Producer defined 0.000265 173.000758 miles Area Area of polygon features. Producer defined 0.006079 146.226554 square miles Symbol Bedrock labels associated to each bedrock unit. Producer defined Dhmr Hamilton Group rocks overlying the Onondaga Limestone Producer defined Don Onondaga Limestone Producer defined Dhg Helderberg Group Producer defined Sc Salina Group Producer defined Sl Lockport Group Producer defined Sab Akron Dolomite Producer defined MadOne_Surficial_Geology.shp Shapefile containing locations and unit labels of the surficial geologic units Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined Length Length of polygon features. Producer defined 0.033947 155.878568 miles Area Area of polygon features. Producer defined 0.000065 88.92688 square miles Symbol Surficial labels associated to each surficial unit. Producer defined al Recent deposits, generally channel and flood-plain alluvium Producer defined alf Alluvial fan deposits Producer defined alt Alluvial terrace Producer defined co Colluvium Producer defined d Dunes Producer defined k Kame deposits Producer defined km Kame moraine Producer defined lb Lacustrine beach Producer defined ls Lacustrine sand Producer defined lsc lacustrine silt and clay Producer defined og Outwash sand and gravel Producer defined pm Swamp deposits Producer defined r Bedrock Producer defined t Till Producer defined tm Till moraine Producer Defined MadOne_Bedrock_Surface_Contours.shp Shapefile containing contours of the bedrock surface of the Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined Contour Contours of bedrock surface elevation in feet above sea level (North American Vertical Datum 1988) in 50 foot contour interval. Producer defined 200 1850 feet MadOne_Groundwater_Surface_Contours.shp Shapefile containing contours of the groundwater surface of the Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined Contour Contours of groundwater surface elevation in feet above sea level (North American Vertical Datum 1988) in 50 foot contour interval. Producer defined 350 1900 feet MadOne_Ksat.shp Shapefile containing saturated hydraulic conductivity data for soils in the Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined muname Name of the soil map unit name from the gSSURGO database US Department of Agriculture gSSURGO database Soil name from gSSURGO soil database Length Length of polygon features. Producer defined 0.002331 88.080966 Miles (mi) Area Area of polygon features. Producer defined 0.0000002 33.648116 Square miles (sq mi) Ksat Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity US Department of Agriculture gSSURGO database 0.00 28.35 inches per hour MadOne_Soil_Class.shp Shapefile containing soil classes for soils in the Madison-Oneida study subarea. US Department of Agriculture gSSURGO database muname Name of the soil map unit name from the gSSURGO database US Department of Agriculture gSSURGO database Soil name from gSSURGO soil database Length Length of polygon features. Producer defined 0.007849 19.055959 Miles (mi) Area Area of polygon features. Producer defined 0.000001 1.439783 Square miles (sq mi) Bedrock Depth of bedrock below the land surface Producer defined 0.00 50.00 Inches (in) Class Numerical soil class based on either the depth to bedrock and bedrock lithology, or if the soil is glacial outwash Producer defined 1 Bedrock less than 20" deep over carbonate bedrock Producer defined 2 Bedrock between 20" and 40" deep over carbonate bedrock Producer defined 3 Bedrock between 40" and 60" deep over carbonate bedrock Producer defined 4 Bedrock less than 20" deep over noncarbonate bedrock Producer defined 5 Bedrock between 20" and 60" deep over noncarbonate bedrock Producer defined 6 Glacial Outwash Producer defined MadOne_Land_Use.tif Raster file containing land use classes for the Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined Value A numeric value representing a generalized type of land use or land cover Producer defined 1 Open Water Producer defined 2 Developed Producer defined 3 Forested Producer defined 4 Agriculture Producer defined 5 Wetland Producer defined MadOne_Bedrock_Surface.tif Raster file containing the modeled bedrock surface for the Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined Value Raster file of the interpolated bedrock surface in feet above sea level (North American Vertical Datum 1988) Producer defined 153.498 1878.1 feet MadOne_Groundwater_Surface.tif Raster file containing the modeled static groundwater surface for the Madison-Oneida study subarea. Producer defined Value Raster file of the interpolated groundwater surface in feet above sea level (North American Vertical Datum 1988) Producer defined 335.4 1901.67 feet MadOne_xxcm.shp Shapefile containing locations of filtered and verified closed depression features with a 10 and 30-centimeter depth and 10 square meter area threshold. Producer defined Shape_Leng Length of the polygon features. Producer defined minimum varies between depth thresholds maximum varies between depth thresholds meters Shape_Area Area of the polygon features. Producer defined minimum varies between depth thresholds maximum varies between depth thresholds square meters verify A numeric identifier for verified closed depression features. Blank cell indicates feature was not verified. Producer defined 0 False-positive feature identification. Producer defined 1 Positive feature identification. Producer defined 2 Unable to identify feature. Producer defined MadOne_xxcm_raw.shp Shapefile containing locations of raw closed depression features with a 10 and 30-centimeter depth and 10 square meter area threshold. Producer defined E Eccentricity of the polygon features. Producer defined minimum varies between depth thresholds maximum varies between depth thresholds None C Circularity of the polygon features Producer defined minimum varies between depth thresholds maximum varies between depth thresholds None T Thinness of the polygon features. Producer defined minimum varies between depth thresholds maximum varies between depth thresholds None R Roundness of the polygon features. Producer defined minimum varies between depth thresholds maximum varies between depth thresholds None rr25 25 meter buffer placed on each side of railroad features to assist in filtration of false positive closed depression features. producer defined 0 Closed depression feature within attribute criteria. Producer defined 1 Closed depression feature within 25 meters of railroad features flagged for removal. Producer defined rd25 25 meter buffer placed on each side of road features to assist in filtration of false positive closed depression features. Producer defined 0 Closed depression feature within attribute criteria. Producer defined 1 Closed depression feature within 25 meters of road features flagged for removal. Producer defined wb Streams, waterbodies, and area features to assist in filtration of false positive closed depression features. Producer defined 0 Closed depression feature within attribute criteria. Producer defined 1 Closed depression feature intersecting stream, waterbody, or area features flagged for removal. Producer defined mine Mine features to assist in filtration of false positive closed depression features. Producer defined 0 Closed depression feature within attribute criteria. Producer defined 1 Closed depression feature intersecting mine features flagged for removal. Producer defined bldg Building footprint features to assist in filtration of false positive closed depression features. Producer defined 0 Closed depression feature within attribute criteria. Producer defined 1 Closed depression feature intersecting buildings flagged for removal. Producer defined Shape_Leng Closed depression feature intersecting mine features flagged for removal. Producer defined minimum varies between depth thresholds maximum varies between depth thresholds meters Shape_Area Area of the polygon features. Producer defined minimum varies between depth thresholds maximum varies between depth thresholds square meters ScienceBase US Geological Survey mailing and physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20240103 Laura M DeMott U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center Geologist mailing address

3075 Gracie Road

Cortland NY 13045 US 607-753-9391 ldemott@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998