Camille L Stagg Claudia Laurenzano Ken W Krauss William C Vervaeke Karen L McKee 20220428 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/P90JCZWU Camille LaFosse Stagg Claudia Laurenzano William C. Vervaeke Ken W. Krauss Karen L. McKee 20220506 publication Plants vol. 11, issue 9 n/a MDPI AG ppg. 1259 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091259 This data release includes belowground primary productivity, decomposition, and surface elevation change data from a two-year mesocosm experiment from 2012 to 2014. We conducted experimental greenhouse manipulations of atmospheric CO2 (double ambient CO2) and sediment deposition to simulate a land-falling hurricane under future climate conditions. Experimental greenhouse conditions mimicked a land-falling hurricane under projected future climate conditions by comparing atmospheric to double ambient CO2 and sediment deposition in four communities along a coastal wetland landscape gradient in Louisiana, USA (tidal freshwater forested wetland, forest/marsh mix, marsh, and mudflat). These data were collected to estimate how coastal wetlands will respond to discrete climate disturbances, like hurricanes, under future conditions of elevated atmospheric CO2. Author ORCIDs: Stagg, C.L.(0000-0002-1125-7253);Laurenzano, C.(0000-0003-1406-8658);Krauss, K.W.(0000-0003-2195-0729);Vervaeke, W.C.(0000-0002-1518-5197);McKee, K.L.(0000-0001-7042-670X) 20120522 20140915 ground condition Complete None planned Big Branch National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, USA -89.9358 -89.9358 30.3214 30.3214 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None Climate change Coastal wetlands Multiple stressors Elevation capital Elevated CO2 Mesocosm experiment Sediment deposition Possible climate futures Wetland elevation change USGS effects of climate change hurricanes wetland ecosystems wetland functions USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:61ddcb1ad34ed79294021a2c Common geographic areas United States Louisiana Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge None Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridiplantae Infrakingdom Streptophyta Superdivision Embryophyta Division Tracheophyta Subdivision Spermatophytina Class Magnoliopsida Superorder Asteranae Order Cornales Family Nyssaceae Genus Nyssa Species Nyssa biflora TSN: 195925 Superorder Lilianae Order Poales Family Cyperaceae Genus Schoenoplectus Species Schoenoplectus americanus TSN: 508141 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Camille L Stagg U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Research Ecologist mailing address

700 Cajundome Blvd

Lafayette LA 70506 US 337-266-8537 337-266-8586 staggc@usgs.gov No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Experimental design To investigate the effects of multiple climate drivers on ecosystem function along the coastal wetland landscape continuum, we simulated hurricane disturbance in an enriched CO2 environment by adding sediment and elevated CO2 to four wetland communities ranging from tidal freshwater forested wetland to unvegetated mudflat. The controlled mesocosm study was conducted in the Wetland Elevated CO2 Experimental Facility at the U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, in Lafayette, LA, U.SA. Treatments were applied using a split-plot with factorial subplots design consisting of (1) two CO2 treatments (ambient, 400 parts per million; elevated, 700 parts per million) applied at the whole-plot level, (2) four communities (forest; marsh; forest/marsh mix; mudflat) applied at the subplot level, and (3) two sediment treatments (sediment deposition; no sediment) applied at the subplot level. Each greenhouse (n=4) housed two experimental units per community x sediment combination (n = 16) for a grand total of 64 mesocosms. 20120522 Mesocosm Design The four wetland communities contained Nyssa biflora seedlings, a C4 species, to represent the forest, Schoenoplectus americanus sedges, a C3 species, to represent the marsh, and a combination of N. biflora and S. americanus to represent the mixed community. The fourth community, the mudflat, was unvegetated, and all mesocosms contained the same native soil from S. americanus marsh sods collected in the field. S. americanus marsh sods were collected from Big Branch National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, USA in May 2012, before peak growing season, near the forest-marsh ecotone. Following collection, sods were cut to a depth of 20 centimeters, and placed in 5-gallon buckets that contained a 5-centimeter bottom layer of pea gravel to improve drainage from the plumbed buckets. To prepare the mesocsosms for planting, all S. americanus vegetation was clipped to the soil surface. To ensure the complete removal of S. americanus vegetation in the forest and mudflat mesocosms, those mesocosms were then flooded for two weeks. In the marsh and mixed mesocosms, S. americanus vegetation was allowed to re-grow. N. biflora seeds were collected from a tidal freshwater forest in Georgetown, South Carolina, U.S.A. and shipped to the USGS facility where they were germinated under ambient CO2 (non-enriched) conditions and allowed to grow for approximately four months. Following mesocosm preparation, single N. biflora seedlings were planted in the forest and mixed experimental units. 20120522 Experimental Conditions To simulate sediment deposition following hurricane and other coastal storm events, root and rhizome-free sediment was collected from a tidal creek adjacent to the marsh sod collection site. Upon returning to the USGS facility, sediment was mixed with water to achieve a slurry of 70 percent water and 30 percent sediment by volume. In half of the experimental units, the sediment slurry was added to increase the soil surface by five centimeters after initial compaction (one week). To simulate projected future climate conditions, we approximately doubled ambient atmospheric CO2 concentrations from 400 parts per million (ambient CO2) to 700 parts per million (elevated CO2). Elevated CO2 treatments were applied to the whole plot, i.e., the greenhouse (N = 2 per treatment) using an automated delivery system to ensure continuous targeted CO2 concentrations by adding industrial grade CO2 (supplied by Airgas, Lafayette LA). The automated feedback system measured CO2 concentrations using a dual-beam, steady-state infrared gas analyzer (Gascard II, Edinburgh Instruments, Ltd., Livingston, UK) that regulated automated flow meters in each greenhouse (Cole-Parmer Instrument Company, Vernon Hills, IL). Following mesocosm preparation, the experimental units were allowed to acclimate in ambient and elevated CO2 greenhouses, respectively, for ten weeks. Flood depth was maintained at the soil surface in all mesocosms throughout the study duration to mimic the relatively static flood regime commonly observed in freshwater forests undergoing transition to oligohaline marsh in coastal Louisiana. To maintain plant vigor, a nutrient solution was applied to all mesocosms twice per month that provided mmol per L of N (0.005) as NH4Cl, P and K (0.00125) as KH2PO4, S (0.0025) as MgSO4, Ca (0.00625) as CaCl, Fe (0.00125) as FeEDTA solution, and micronutrients (0.00125). Data collection began September 2012 and concluded September 2014. 20120522 Data collection: Aboveground biomass production Schoenoplectus americanus aboveground production was measured by harvesting all dead material from the mesocosms on a monthly basis and all live and dead material from a final harvest at the end of the study period. Harvested aboveground material was dried to a constant mass at 60 degrees Celsius and weighed. Literfall from Nyssa biflora seedlings was monitored weekly, and dead leaves were collected upon abscission. Seedlings were harvested at the end of the experiment prior to seasonal leaf senescence, separated into components (leaf, stem, roots and dried to a constant mass at 60 degrees Celsius and weighed. The cumulative biomass produced over time was used to estimate a rate of aboveground primary production for each community (grams per square meter per year). 20140915 Data collection: Belowground biomass production Belowground biomass production was measured using ingrowth bags, which provides the net production, turnover, and decomposition of roots and rhizomes over time. Root ingrowth was measured in two separate one-year deployments over the course of the study. In each annual deployment, one root ingrowth bag, constructed of nylon mesh and containing sphagnum peat, was placed in a randomly selected quadrant of each mesocosm. The ingrowth bags remained in the soil for one year, after which they were harvested, and roots and rhizomes were separated from the sphagnum peat. Roots were not separated by species, and belowground biomass values are reported at the community level. Belowground biomass was dried to a constant mass at 60 degrees Celsius and weighed, and the cumulative biomass produced over one year was used to estimate a rate of belowground primary production (grams per square meter per year). 20140915 Data collection: Belowground cellulose decay Belowground cellulose decay was measured using the cotton strip technique. Strips of artist canvas were cut into 10 centimeter wide by 20 centimeter long strips and placed vertically into the soil in each mesocosm. Two cotton strips were installed in each mesocosm quarterly, after all vegetation, elevation, and physicochemical measurements were made. One cotton strip, serving as a reference control, was removed immediately after installation, and the second cotton strip (test strip) remained in the mesocosms for a period of 7 to 21 days depending on soil and water temperatures.  Upon retrieval, cotton strips were processed and measured for tensile strength. Cellulose decay was estimated as tensile strength loss per day expressed as percent CTSL d−1=[(1−T/R)∗100]/t, where T is the force (Newton) required to tear the test strips, R is the force (Newton) required to tear the reference strips, and t is time (days) in the soil. 20140915 Data collection: Soil surface elevation Soil surface elevation was measured quarterly using a miniature surface elevation table (mini-SET) designed after the rod-SET used to measure elevation change in a field setting. The mini-SET consists of a removable measuring arm that is attached to the edge of the mesocosm in one of two positions. Fiberglass pins are lowered from the measuring arm to the soil surface. The change in distance from the arm to the soil surface over time corresponds to the change in surface elevation. Elevation change is expressed as the difference between base elevation measured at the initial sampling event and each subsequent sampling event (i.e., T1 to T7). We averaged pin-level surface elevation change values across each direction, and then per arm to estimate a rate of surface elevation change for each experimental unit. 20140915 TF_2012_Experimental_unit_setup.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing experimental unit setup data. Producer Defined pot Unique mesocosm identifier. 1 through 64. Producer Defined 1 64 NA GH Greenhouse ID. Producer Defined 1 Greenhouse 1. Elevated CO2 Producer defined 2 Greenhouse 2. Ambient CO2 Producer defined 3 Greenhouse 3. Elevated CO2 Producer defined 4 Greenhouse 4. Ambient CO2 Producer defined CO2 CO2 treatment. Producer Defined elevated Roughly double atmospheric CO2. Ranges between 720 and 780 parts per million. Producer defined ambient Atmospheric CO2. Ranges between 360 and 400 parts per million. Producer defined Community Plant community. Producer Defined Marsh Schoenoplectus americanus. Producer defined Mix Nyssa biflora and Schoenoplectus americanus. Producer defined Forest Nyssa biflora. Producer defined Mudflat None (unvegetated). Producer defined Community_species Plant community species. Producer Defined Schoenoplectus americanus Marsh. Producer defined Nyssa biflora and Schoenoplectus americanus Mix. Producer defined Nyssa biflora Forest. Producer defined None Mudflat. Producer defined Sediment Sediment treatment. Producer Defined Sediment deposition Sediment was added to the mesocosm. Producer defined No deposition No sediment was added to the mesocosm. Producer defined TF_2012_biomass_belowground.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing belowground primary productivity data. Producer Defined pot Unique mesocosm identifier. 1 through 64. Producer Defined 1 64 NA section Root ingrowth bag section. Producer Defined Top Top section (upper 5 centimeters). Producer defined Bottom Bottom section (below 5 centimeters). Producer defined depth Root ingrowth bag section depth in centimeters. Producer Defined 0.0 22.0 Centimeters set Root ingrowth bag set. Each set was deployed for roughly one year. Producer Defined 1 Root ingrowth bag set 1. Deployed from 9/20/2012 to 9/24/2013. Producer defined 2 Root ingrowth bag set 2. Deployed from 9/24/2013 to 9/15/2014. Producer defined installed Date root ingrowth bag was deployed. Date format YYYY-MM-DD. Producer Defined 2012-09-20 Installation date of root ingrowth bag set 1. Producer defined 2013-09-24 Installation date of root ingrowth bag set 2. Producer defined retrieved Date root ingrowth bag was retrieved. Date format YYYY-MM-DD. Producer Defined 2013-09-24 Retrieval date of root ingrowth bag set 1. Producer defined 2014-09-15 Retrieval date of root ingrowth bag set 2. Producer defined days Number of days root ingrowth bags were deployed. Producer Defined 356 369 Days allocation Plant tissue allocation, below- or aboveground. Producer Defined below Belowground tissue (roots and rhizomes). Producer defined live_fine_roots_g Biomass in grams of live fine roots. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Belowground biomass from root ingrowth bag set 1 was separated into fine and coarse roots. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 0.9 Grams dead_fine_roots_g Biomass in grams of dead fine roots. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Belowground biomass from root ingrowth bag set 1 was separated into fine and coarse roots. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 3.04 Grams live_coarse_roots_g Biomass in grams of live coarse roots. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Belowground biomass from root ingrowth bag set 1 was separated into fine and coarse roots. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 0.21 Grams dead_coarse_roots_g Biomass in grams of dead coarse roots. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Belowground biomass from root ingrowth bag set 1 was separated into fine and coarse roots. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 0.14 Grams live_rhizomes_g Biomass in grams of live rhizomes. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 4.9 Grams dead_rhizomes_g Biomass in grams of dead rhizomes. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 5.63 Grams live_roots_g Biomass in grams of live roots. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Belowground biomass from root ingrowth bag set 2 was not separated into fine and coarse roots. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 1.63 Grams dead_roots_g Biomass in grams of dead roots. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Belowground biomass from root ingrowth bag set 2 was not separated into fine and coarse roots. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 11.63 Grams TF_2012_biomass_aboveground.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing aboveground primary productivity data. Producer Defined pot Unique mesocosm identifier. 1 through 64. Producer Defined 1 64 NA baseline_date Standardized baseline date for cumulative aboveground biomass productivity. Producer Defined 2012-11-06 T1 baseline date. Producer defined date Data collection date. Date format YYYY-MM-DD. Producer Defined Date format YYYY-MM-DD, spanning 2012-11-06 to 2014-09-15. days Number of days between baseline date 11/06/2012 and data collection date. Producer Defined 0 678 Days allocation Plant tissue allocation, below- or aboveground. Producer Defined above Aboveground tissue (shoots and leaves). Producer defined biomass_NYBI_g Oven-dried biomass in grams. Includes Nyssa biflora. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 186.9383 Grams biomass_SCAM_g Oven-dried biomass in grams. Includes Schoenoplectus americanus. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 70.0 Grams biomass_g Total oven-dried biomass in grams. Includes both Nyssa biflora and Schoenoplectus americanus. Difference between empty paper bag mass and paper bag mass with biomass. Negative values are measurement artifacts and should be interpreted as 0. Producer Defined 0.0 186.9383 Grams TF_2012_decomposition.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing decomposition data. Producer Defined pot Unique mesocosm identifier. 1 through 64. Producer Defined 1 64 NA depth Cotton strip depth interval of 2-centimeter length, 0 to 24 centimeters. Producer Defined Depth 1 0 to 2 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 2 2 to 4 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 3 4 to 6 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 4 6 to 8 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 5 8 to 10 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 6 10 to 12 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 7 12 to 14 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 8 14 to 16 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 9 16 to 18 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 10 18 to 20 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 11 20 to 22 centimeters. Producer defined Depth 12 22 to 24 centimeters. Producer defined depth_cm Cotton strip depth intervals in centimeters. Producer Defined 0-2 Depth 1 Producer defined 2-4 Depth 2 Producer defined 4-6 Depth 3 Producer defined 6-8 Depth 4 Producer defined 8-10 Depth 5 Producer defined 10-12 Depth 6 Producer defined 12-14 Depth 7 Producer defined 14-16 Depth 8 Producer defined 16-18 Depth 9 Producer defined 18-20 Depth 10 Producer defined 20-22 Depth 11 Producer defined 22-24 Depth 12 Producer defined TStest_N Force in Newton required to tear the test cotton strip. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 18.2 578.2 Newton TSref_N Force in Newton required to tear the reference cotton strip. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 155.2 816.0 Newton t collected during T2 through T6 (2013-03-04 through 2014-06-13). Producer Defined T2 T2 data collection event Producer defined T3 T3 data collection event Producer defined T4 T4 data collection event Producer defined T5 T5 data collection event Producer defined T6 T6 data collection event Producer defined installed Date test and reference cotton strips were installed. Reference cotton strips were retrieved immediately after installation. Date format YYYY-MM-DD. Producer Defined 2013-03-04 T2 cotton strip set 1 installation. Producer defined 2013-05-28 T3 cotton strip set 2 installation. Producer defined 2013-09-24 T4 cotton strip set 3 installation. Producer defined 2014-02-10 T5 cotton strip set 4 installation. Producer defined 2014-06-13 T6 cotton strip set 5 installation. Producer defined retrieved Date test cotton strips were retrieved. Date format YYYY-MM-DD. Producer Defined 2013-03-22 T2 cotton strip set 1 retrieval. Producer defined 2013-06-06 T3 cotton strip set 2 retrieval. Producer defined 2013-10-03 T4 cotton strip set 3 retrieval. Producer defined 2014-02-23 T5 cotton strip set 4 retrieval. Producer defined 2014-06-23 T6 cotton strip set 5 retrieval. Producer defined days Number of days cotton strips were deployed. Producer Defined 9 18 Days TF_2012_elevation.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing surface elevation table data. Producer Defined pot Unique mesocosm identifier. 1 through 64. Producer Defined 1 64 NA arm_direction Position of the removable miniature surface elevation table arm where it is attached to the edge of the mesocosm. Arms 1 and 2. Producer Defined 1 Arm position 1 Producer defined 2 Arm position 2 Producer defined pin_number Unique pin number that identifies the exact elevation measurement position per arm. Pins 2 through 12. Producer Defined 2 12 NA t Data collection time event. T0 through T7. Producer Defined T0 T0 data collection event. Producer defined T1 T1 data collection event. Producer defined T2 T2 data collection event. Producer defined T3 T3 data collection event. Producer defined T4 T4 data collection event. Producer defined T5 T5 data collection event. Producer defined T6 T6 data collection event. Producer defined T7 T7 data collection event. Producer defined date Surface elevation table reading date. Date format YYYY-MM-DD. Producer Defined 2012-09-17 T0 data collection event. Producer defined 2012-11-06 T1 data collection event. Producer defined 2013-02-28 T2 data collection event. Producer defined 2013-05-28 T3 data collection event. Producer defined 2013-09-24 T4 data collection event. Producer defined 2014-02-01 T5 data collection event. Producer defined 2014-06-13 T6 data collection event. Producer defined 2014-09-15 T7 data collection event. Producer defined elevation_mm Elevation measured in millimeters with miniature surface elevation table. Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 198 413 Millimeters notes Notes on individual pins. Data with notes may be omitted or used with the reported reading, at the discretion of the dataset user. Producer Defined NA No notes. Normal reading. Producer defined stem Stem in pin position Producer defined hole Hole in pin position Producer defined mound Mound in pin position Producer defined ingrowth bag Root ingrowth bag installed in pin position Producer defined root Root in pin position Producer defined TREE Tree sapling in pin position. No reading possible. Producer defined GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P90JCZWU None 20220428 Camille L Stagg U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Research Ecologist mailing address

700 Cajundome Blvd

Lafayette LA 70506 US 337-266-8537 337-266-8586 staggc@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999