Mark J. Hoggard Christopher J.M. Lawley Anne E. McCafferty 20250331 raster digital data Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originator: Hoggard, M.J., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-3862; Lawley, C.J.M., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-0675; McCafferty, A.E., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201. Suggested Citation: Hoggard, M.J., Lawley, C.J.M., and McCafferty, A.E., 2023, Depth to Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary GeoTIFF grids for the United States, Canada, and Australia, in McCafferty, A.E., San Juan, C.A., Lawley, C.J.M., Graham, G.E., Gadd, M.G., Huston, D.L., Kelley, K.D., Paradis, S., Peter, J.M., and Czarnota, K., National-scale geophysical, geologic, and mineral resource data and grids for the United States, Canada, and Australia: Data in support of the tri-national Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P970GDD5. https://doi.org/10.5066/P970GDD5 The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), calculated from calibrated surface wave tomography models, is marked by an abrupt change in seismic velocity between the earth's cooler lithosphere (higher seismic velocities) and the warmer and more ductile asthenosphere (lower seismic velocities). GeoTIFF grids that were extracted from global compilations (Hoggard and others, 2020) that map depth to the LAB for the United States and Canada, and for Australia are provided in this report. Previous studies have identified locations of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits occur along a gradient in the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. The LAB gradient is interpreted to represent a change from thicker to thinner lithosphere which has localized the development of basins prospective for Pb-Zn mineralization (Hoggard and others, 2020). The GeoTIFF grids were used as evidential layers in developing prospectivity models for basin-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization (Lawley and others, 2022). References Hoggard, M.J., Czarnota, K., Richards, F.D., Huston, D.L., Jaques, A.L., and Ghelichkhan, S., 2020, Global distribution of sediment–hosted metals controlled by craton edge stability: Nature Geoscience, v. 13, no. 7, p. 504-510, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0593-2. Lawley, C.J.M., McCafferty, A.E, Graham, G.E., Huston, D.L., Kelley, K.D., Czarnota, K., Paradis, S., Peter, J.M., Hayward, N., Barlow, M., Emsbo, P., Coyan, J., San Juan, C.A., and Gadd, M.G., 2022, Data-driven prospectivity modelling of sediment-hosted Zn-Pb mineral systems and their critical raw materials: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 141, no. 104635, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104635. The purpose of this data release is to provide a depth to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary grid for the United States, Canada, and Australia. The grids were used in developing prospectivity models for basin-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization as part of the tri-national Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative, a collaboration between the national geological surveys of the United States (U.S. Geological Survey), Canada (Geological Survey of Canada) and Australia (Geoscience Australia). The data are provided in GeoTIFF format, which is used for gridded data and is a public domain geospatial tagged image file format that maintains the original data values as grid cells. The GeoTIFF grids can be read and written by many common geographic software tools including ArcMap and QGIS. GeoTIFFs are provided as zip files consisting of a .tif (image file), a .tfw (world file), and a .xml (metadata file). All data are in geographic coordinates using a WGS84 datum. Also provided are jpg files that provide an image to visualize the GeoTIFF grids. DATA FILES-GeoTIFFs GeophysicsLAB_USCanada: Depth to LAB grid of US and Canada. GeophysicsLAB_Australia: Depth to LAB grid of Australia. 20200629 publication date Complete None planned -178.8500 153.6500 83.1500 -43.6500 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Geological Survey of Canada GSC Geoscience Australia GA Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative CMMI Mineral Resources Program MRP Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center GGGSC Targeted Geoscience Initiative TGI Exploring for the Future Program lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary depth to lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary LAB LAB depth USGS Thesaurus critical minerals metallic mineral resources mineral resources lead zinc lithosphere asthenosphere USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:61da068cd34ed7929400b5a2 Common geographic areas United States Canada Australia None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government, GA or the Australian Government, and GSC or the Canadian Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Anne E McCafferty U.S. Geological Survey Research Geophysicist mailing

Mail Stop 964, W 6th Ave and Kipling St

Denver CO 80225 USA 303-236-1397 anne@usgs.gov This release of the dataset was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program (MRP). The authors would like to thank the Geological Survey of Canada’s Targeted Geoscience Initiative and Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future Program for providing data for this study. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geological Survey of Canada and Geoscience Australia would be appreciated in products derived from these data. In addition, acknowledgment of the original authors listed under "Related External Resources” at https://doi.org/10.5066/P970GDD5 should occur for non-governmental data. The data were generated on a Dell Precision 7550 laptop computer using commercially available software including Geosoft Oasis Montaj v. 9.9.1 and ESRI ArcMap v.10.8.1. Christopher J.M. Lawley Anne E. McCafferty Garth E. Graham David L. Huston Karen D. Kelley Karol Czarnota Suzanne Paradis Jan M. Peter Nathan Hayward Mike Barlow Poul Emsbo Joshua Coyan Carma A. San Juan Michael G. Gadd 202202 publication Ore Geology Reviews volume 141 n/a Elsevier BV Lawley, C.J.M., McCafferty, A.E, Graham, G.E., Huston, D.L., Kelley, K.D., Czarnota, K., Paradis, S., Peter, J.M., Hayward, N., Barlow, M., Emsbo, P., Coyan, J., San Juan, C.A., and Gadd, M.G., 2022, Data-driven prospectivity modelling of sediment-hosted Zn-Pb mineral systems and their critical raw materials: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 141, no. 104635, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104635 Christopher J.M. Lawley Anne E. McCafferty Garth E. Graham Michael G. Gadd David L. Huston Karen D. Kelley Suzanne Paradis Jan M. Peter Karol Czarnota 2021 publication n/a Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management Lawley, C.J.M., McCafferty, A.E., Graham, G.E., Gadd, M.G., Huston, D.L., Kelley, K.D., Paradis, S., Peter, J.M., and Czarnota, K., 2021, Datasets to support prospectivity modelling for sediment-hosted Zn-Pb mineral systems: Natural Resources Canada Open File 8836, https://doi.org/10.4095/329203. https://doi.org/10.4095/329203 These data have been peer reviewed and compared with related ancillary data. Data were reviewed for consistency and analyses results were checked for validity and fidelity of relationships. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. All data as part of this collection were included in this data release for the region and time period specified in this metadata. Spatial locations were determined from previously published national grids. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Mark J. Hoggard Karol Czarnota Fred D. Richards David L. Huston A. Lynton Jaques Sia Ghelichkhan 20200629 publication Nature Geoscience volume 13, issue 7 n/a Springer Hoggard, M.J., Czarnota, K., Richards, F.D., Huston, D.L., Jaques, A.L., and Ghelichkhan, S., 2020, Global distribution of sediment–hosted metals controlled by craton edge stability: Nature Geoscience, v. 13, no. 7, p. 504-510, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0593-2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0593-2 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 publication date Hoggard and others, 2020 data from publication GeophysicsLAB_USCanada.tif: Data for depth to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) for the conterminous United States and Canada were extracted from the GeoTIFF grid of global LAB data from Hoggard and others (2020). Hoggard and others, 2020 20201231 GeophysicsLAB_Australia.tif: Data for depth to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) for Australia were extracted from the GeoTIFF grid of global LAB data from Hoggard and others (2020). Hoggard and others, 2020 20201231 Raster 0.00000001 0.00000001 Decimal degrees WGS_1984 WGS 1984 6378137 298.257223563 GeophysicsLAB_USCanada.tif Depth to the lithospheric-athenospheric boundary (LAB) in kilometers below the surface marked by an abrupt change in seismic velocity between the earth's cooler lithosphere (higher seismic velocities) and the warmer and more ductile asthenosphere (lower seismic velocities). U.S. Geological Survey Value Depth to LAB in kilometers. NoData value is -3.40282e+38. Producer Defined 35.215015411377 245.49203491211 km GeophysicsLAB_Australia.tif Depth to the lithospheric-athenospheric boundary (LAB) in kilometers below the surface marked by an abrupt change in seismic velocity between the earth's cooler lithosphere (higher seismic velocities) and the warmer and more ductile asthenosphere (lower seismic velocities). U.S. Geological Survey Value Depth to LAB in kilometers. NoData value is -3.40282e+38. U.S. Geological Survey 80.587814331055 253.92045593262 km U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), and Geoscience Australia (GA), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P970GDD5 none none 20250331 Anne E McCafferty U.S. Geological Survey mailing

Mail Stop 962, W 6th Ave and Kipling St

Denver CO 80225 USA 303-236-1397 anne@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998