Susan Knowles Eric M. Leis Jordan C. Richard Rebecca A. Cole Rose E. Agbalog Joel G. Putnam Tony L. Goldberg Diane L. Waller 20220104 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U4RYE1 Susan Knowles Eric M. Leis Jordan C. Richard Rebecca A. Cole Rose E. Agbalog Joel G. Putnam Tony L. Goldberg Diane L. Waller 20220101 publication Parasitologia MDPI https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia2010001 Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are among the most endangered animal groups globally, but the causes of population declines are often enigmatic with little known about the role of disease. In 2018, we collected wild adult pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) and mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina) during an epidemiologic survey investigating an ongoing mussel mass mortality event in the Clinch River, USA. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy showed a novel microsporidian parasite primarily infecting the ovary of pheasantshell. Sequencing of the small subunit rRNA gene produced a 1333 bp sequence with greatest similarity to Pseudonosema cristatellae (AF484694.1; 86.36%; e-value = 0), a microsporidium infecting the freshwater bryozoan (Cristatella mucedo). Microsporidia were observed in 65% (17/26) of the examined female pheasantshell (A. pectorosa) and in no (0/2) female mucket (A. ligamentina), and occurred at mortality and non-mortality sites. Our findings indicate that a novel parasite, Microsporidium clinchi n. sp., is present in pheasantshell in the Clinch River, USA, and while likely not a cause of mass mortality, could reduce fecundity and recruitment in this declining population and threaten the success of reintroductions. Surveillance for M. clinchi n. sp. and evaluation of brood stock and their progeny for microsporidia would therefore be prudent. Data was collected as part of an investigation into mass mussel mortality in the Clinch river, USA. Data will be used to inform managers. 20180816 20181025 ground condition Complete None planned World -84.5817 -81.4614 37.1414 35.8633 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None unionid Actinonaias pectorosa freshwater mussel histopathology microsporidia Microsporidium clinchi n. sp. PCR TEM Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords bivalves USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:61781c32d34e4c6b7fe2a42a None Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Susan Knowles U.S. Geological Survey Veterinary Pathologist mailing address

6006 Schroeder Road

Madison WI 53711 US 608-270-2462 608-270-2415 sknowles@usgs.gov This research was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, grant number F20AC10617 and the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystem Mission Area cyclical funds, along with support from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Spot checked data. All values fill within expected ranges. No data excluded. PCR: Sanders, J.; Lawrence, C.; Nichols, D.; Brubaker, J.; Peterson, T.; Murray, K.; Kent, M. Pleistophora hyphessobryconis (Microsporidia) Infecting Zebrafish Danio rerio in Research Facilities. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 2010, 91, 47–56, doi:10.3354/dao02245. 20181025 2018 Clinch River Mussel Data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Accession number Accession number Producer Defined Aphlanumber ID for accesion number Collection date Collection date Producer Defined 08/16/2018 10/25/2018 MM/DD/YYYY Collection location Collection location Producer Defined Artrip, VA Artrip, Virginia Producer defined Speer's Ferry, VA Speer's Ferry, Virginia Producer defined Sycamore Island, VA Sycamore Island, Virginia Producer defined Wallen Bend, TN Wallen Bend, Tennessee Producer defined Kyle's Ford, TN Kyle's Ford, Tennessee Producer defined Frost Ford, TN Frost Ford, Tennessee Producer defined Species Species name Producer Defined Actinonaias pectorosa Actinonaias pectorosa Producer defined Actinonaias ligamentina Actinonaias ligamentina Producer defined Healthy (H), Moribund (M) or Indeterminate (I) Health state of mussel Producer Defined I Indeterminate Producer defined H Healthy Producer defined M Moribund Producer defined Sex- Male (M), Female (F), Undetermined (U) Sex of mussel Producer Defined M Male Producer defined F Female Producer defined U Undetermined Producer defined Microsporidia present - Yes (Y), No (N) Presence of Microsporidia Producer Defined N No Producer defined Y Yes Producer defined U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U4RYE1 None 20220104 Susan Knowles U.S. Geological Survey Veterinary Pathologist mailing address

6006 Schroeder Road

Madison WI 53711 US 608-270-2462 608-270-2415 sknowles@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999