Jonathan W Musser 20220712 vector digital data Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IGSRCV Jonathan W. Musser Taylor H. Rowley Eammon S. Jensen Silvia Terziotti Ana Maria Garcia 20220711 digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IGSRCV Ponds are impoundments that have been used for flood control, water supply, irrigation, and recreation. They constitute modifications to the stream network that fragment the aquatic habitat by limiting river network connectivity necessary for fish passage. A dataset was developed to quantify small ponds as proxy measures of barriers to flow in stream networks across the State of North Carolina. The USGS used a combination of the 2016 National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) and the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Plus High Resolution to identify 105,560 small ponds that are less than 10 acres in size. The features are more refined than larger scale assessments such as those in the NHDPlus High Resolution and provide a starting point for determining mitigation strategies. Data was compiled for the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services to help identify hydrologic barriers to North Carolina waterways. 20220210 ground condition Complete None planned -84.4116 -75.8128 36.5999 33.7618 ISO 19115 Topic Category inlandWaters geoscientificInformation USGS Thesaurus Hydrology Aquatic ecosystems Land use and land cover Watershed management Freshwater ecosystems Geospatial analysis Other keywords Barriers Small ponds USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6172b8bed34ea36449a88187 Common geographic areas North Carolina None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This dataset may be redistributed if it is not edited and is properly referenced. Although USGS intends to make this server available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, timely delivery of data and products from this server through the Internet is not guaranteed. Jonathan W Musser U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Hydrologist mailing address

1770 Corporate Drive Suite 500

Norcross GA 30093 US 678-924-6675 678-924-6710 jwmusser@usgs.gov North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services, the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Plus High Resolution and Medium Resolution, and the 2016 National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). A computer running Windows 10 was used to run ArcGIS Pro 2.9.1 and ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.1 to compile the dataset named NC_Small_Ponds.shp which is 150 MB. Waterbodies that were identified in the NLCD and NHDPlus High Resolution datasets were used as the basis for constructing this dataset of small ponds, thus the accuracy can be attributed to those datasets. This dataset took a subset of both the NLCD and NHDPlus High Resolution datasets to compile ponds less than 10 acres, while removing certain areas that may represent a pond in a coastal or wetland setting. An analysis was performed to analyze how well the dataset captured ponds relative to recent satellite imagery. A set of 100 random point was created using the NC state border as the boundary. The areas within 1.5 miles of the coast and 0.5 miles of the state boundary were excluded. Each point was buffered by 0.5 miles, so that each circle had a 1-mile search diameter. Each search area was investigated to determine if the ponds captured within the buffer were true ponds, and how many ponds were missed by the compiled dataset. Details on this analysis can be found in the file North_Carolina_Small_Ponds_Under_10_Acres_2020_README.pdf. See Attribute Accuracy Report. Not all 105,560 polygons within the small ponds dataset are ponds. Based on the accuracy report, several ponds were missed outright or classified as a pond when no pond feature was apparent. However, based on the error analysis, 75% of ponds identified by this dataset are true ponds, and thus, the majority of the dataset represents true ponds smaller than 10 acres. The dataset can be used knowing that not all ponds are captured. For further information, refer to the associated README file, North_Carolina_Small_Ponds_Under_10_Acres_2020_README.pdf. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. No vertical accuracy assessment was conducted. Jon Dewitz 2019 dataset https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/p96hhbie Digital 2016 observed NLCD This dataset was used to define ponds less than 10 acres. N.C. Department of Transportation N.C. Department of Environmental Quality 20190301 vector digital data https://gis27.services.ncdot.gov/GISTransSearch/Search/Map Digital 20190301 publication date ATLAS Hydrography Used to get stream order and determine if a pond is inline (near a river/stream) or upland (away from a river/stream). Richard B. Moore Lucinda D. McKay Alan H. Rea Timothy R. Bondelid Curtis V. Price Thomas G. Dewald Craig M. Johnston 20191206 publication Reston, VA US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191096 Digital 20191206 publication date NHDPlus High Resolution Waterbodies for small ponds and to remove some small ponds, Areas to remove some small ponds Horizon Systems Corporation 20120601 Version 2 vector digital data http://www.horizon-systems.com/NHDPlus/NHDPlusV2_data.php Digital 20220201 Page accessed NHDPlusV2 Medium Resolution The COMID values from the catchments in this dataset were used to attribute the ponds. Used NLCD 2016 dataset for a 1-mile buffered area of North Carolina and subset class 11 (water). Converted subset to polygons and projected to NC State Plane (NAD 83, FIPS 3200). Buffered polygons by 1 foot, and dissolved so that cells connected at corners would be one polygon. Deleted all polygons over 10 acres in size. NLCD 2022 Used NHDPlus High Resolution (NHD, 2019) dataset for all HUC4s that are in North Carolina. Selected all 390 - LakePond and 436 - Reservoir attributed polygons in the NHD Waterbodies feature layer. Projected to North Carolina State Plane. Selected all NHD Waterbodies that are larger than 10 acres in size and created the NHDWaterbodies_large for later use. Used the polygons smaller than 10 acres to create the small ponds layer. NHDPlus High Resolution 2022 Combined the NLCD ponds and the NHD small ponds. When ponds from the two datasets overlapped, kept the NHD and deleted the NLCD one. Intersected with the state outline of North Carolina, and any pond that was at least partially within the state was kept, those outside were deleted. NHDPlus High Resolution 2022 Buffered the NHDWaterbodies_large from Step 2 by 200 feet and removed any polygons which were from the NLCD that intersect the buffered layer. Selected the NHD Area polygons with the following FType attributes: 307 - Area to be Submerged; 312 - BayInlet; 336 - CanalDitch; 343 - DamWeir; 455 - Spillway; and 460 - StreamRiver. Buffered this by 50 feet and deleted any ponds from NLCD that intersect this buffer. Extracted the 445 - SeaOcean polygons from NHD Area and buffer by 5280 feet (1 mile). Removed all intersected ponds. Three additional ponds on barrier islands had to be removed. Selected all 466 - SwampMarsh attributed polygons from full NHD Waterbodies layer. Buffered them by 200 feet and removed and ponds that intersected the buffer. NHDPlus High Resolution 2022 Created a new NLCD raster layer where the following NLCD fields were combined: 21 Developed, Open Space; 22 Developed, Low Intensity; 23 Developed, Medium Intensity; and 24 Developed, High Intensity into Developed; 41 Deciduous Forest; 42 Evergreen Forest; and 43 Mixed Forest into Forest; and 90 Woody Wetland and 95 Emergent Herbaceuous Wetlands into Wetlands. The other categories of NLCD were not combined. Buffered the small ponds by 660 feet, did Zonal Statistics as Table to determine Majority in ArcGIS Pro (to account for overlapping pond buffers) on the buffered layer. Removed small ponds with Majority value of Wetlands. Attributed the NLCD field of the remaining small ponds with the results. NLCD 2022 Used Near to determine if a small pond is within 250 feet of an ATLAS feature and attributed the LOC field. Converted ATLAS Hydrography to polygons. Removed polygons which intersected the NHD Area SeaOcean buffer. Removed all polygons greater than 50 acres. Intersected to determine if the small ponds overlapped with an Atlas pond, and if so attributed the Atlas_Pond field. Select all features in ATLAS Hydrography which have a value for the field strmOrder. Used Near with a 250 feet limit to find out the stream order number for the small ponds. Attributed the Strm_Order attribute with this value. If there was no stream order number, then Strm_Order was set to -1. ATLAS Hydrography 2022 Converted NHDPlusV2 Medium Resolution data for North Carolina catchment layer to a raster with cell size of 5 meters and aligned with 30 meter catchment raster. Used Zonal Statistics as Table to determine Majority for each small pond. This is the value for COMID. Some small ponds which were in two catchments did not have a value, so an entry was manually entered. If a majority value was not obvious, then the centroid of the pond was used for the catchment choice. NHDPlusV2 Medium Resolution 2022 Error analysis as described in the file North_Carolina_Small_Ponds_Under_10_Acres_2020_README.pdf was completed. 2022 Extra fields were deleted, the small ponds layer was exported to a shapefile, and metadata was produced. 2022 Vector G-polygon 105560 NAD 1983 StatePlane North Carolina FIPS 3200 Feet 34.33333333333334 36.16666666666666 -79.0 33.75 2000000.002616666 0.0 coordinate pair 0.000000027498425758665238 0.000000027498425758665238 meters D North American 1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 NC_Small_Ponds.shp Polygon shapefile depicting ponds smaller than 10 acres in North Carolina. Producer Defined FID Internal feature number Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry Esri Coordinates defining the features. Acres Pond area in acres Producer Defined 0.01 9.97 acres 0.01 NHD_source Indicator of whethere the pond is from the NHDPlus High Resolution Waterbodies layer NHDPlus High Resolution 1 The pond is from the NHDPlus High Resolution Waterbodies layer Producer defined 0 The pond is not from the NHDPlus High Resolution Waterbodies layer Producer defined NLCD Most common National Land Cover Dataset 2016 (NLCD) feature within 660 feet of a pond. National Land Cover Dataset Open Water NLCD Category: 11 Open Water NLCD Developed A combination of NLCD categories: 21 Developed, Open Space; 22 Developed, Low Intensity; 23 Developed, Medium Intensity; and 24 Developed, High Intensity NLCD Barren Land NLCD Category: 31 Barren Land NLCD Forest A combination of NLCD categories: 41 Deciduous Forest; 42 Evergreen Forest; and 43 Mixed Forest NLCD Shrub/Scrub NLCD Category: 52 Shrub/Scrub NLCD Herbaceuous NLCD Category: 71 Grassland/Herbaceous NLCD Hay/Pasture NLCD category: 81 Hay/Pasture NLCD NLCD Category: 82 Cultivated Crops NLCD Category: 31 Barren Land NLCD LOC Location indicator describing whether the feature is upland or inline relative to an ATLAS stream. Producer Defined Inline Pond is within 250 feet of an ATLAS stream segment. Producer defined Upland Pond is not within 660 feet of an ATLAS stream segment. Producer defined Strm_Order Stream order (Strahler stream order) of the nearest ATLAS stream segment within 250 feet. Atlas Hydrography -1 No Atlas stream is within 250 feet of the pond Producer defined 1 7 stream order number 1 COMID NHDPlusV2 Medium Resolution catchment that the largest part of the pond is located within NHDPlus Medium Resolution Catchment ID number Atlas_Pond Does the pond overlap with a polygon area, such as a pond or a wide stream, created from the Atlas stream lines Producer Defined 0 The pond is not in the Atlas dataset Producer defined 1 The pond is in the Atlas dataset Producer defined U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IGSRCV None 20220712 Jonathan W Musser U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Hydrologist mailing address

1770 Corporate Drive Suite 500

Norcross GA 30093 US 678-924-6675 678-924-6710 jwmusser@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998