U.S. Geological Survey 20210929 1.0 vector digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P9J3CVN4 Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J3CVN4 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/614a8de5d34e0df5fb975911 Meredith G. Kratzmann Amy S. Farris Kathy M. Weber Rachel E. Henderson Emily A. Himmelstoss 2021 1.0 vector digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P9J3CVN4 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey suggested citation: Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., Weber, K.M., Henderson, R.E., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2021, USGS National Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of Updated Vector Shorelines (1800s - 2010s) and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the Georgia and Florida Coasts: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J3CVN4 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J3CVN4 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/612cf2a3d34e40dd9c08844b During Hurricane Irma in September 2017, Florida and Georgia experienced significant impacts to beaches, dunes, barrier islands, and coral reefs. Extensive erosion and coral losses result in increased immediate and long-term hazards to shorelines that include densely populated regions. These hazards put critical infrastructure at risk to future flooding and erosion and may cause economic losses. The USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards Resources Program (CMHRP) is assessing hurricane-induced coastal erosion along the southeast US coastline and implications for vulnerability to future storms. Shoreline positions were compiled prior to and following Hurricane Irma along the sandy shorelines of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of Florida and the coast of Georgia. Shoreline positions from the mid-1800s through 2018 were used to update the shoreline change rates for Florida and Georgia using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software. The shoreline positions and updated shoreline change rates provide actionable information to homeowners, coastal communities, and managers of public and private properties to improve resiliency for long-term hazards. The bias feature is a polyline shapefile representation of the proxy-datum bias (PDB) data previously published in tabular format (Himmelstoss and others 2010, Himmelstoss and others 2018). These PDB data are used to reconcile the offset between proxy-based shorelines and more recent datum-based shorelines so they can be directly compared when calculating shoreline change rates. The bias feature contains the proxy-datum bias (PDB) value and the uncertainty in the PDB for the Florida west coast (FLwc) (Anclote Key to Barefoot Beach) coastal region. These data are provided for users of DSAS and should only be used to determine the corrected change rate when both proxy-based (e.g., HWL) and datum based (e.g., MHW) shorelines are present in the same dataset. These data should not be used for any purpose other than that for which they are intended. The United States Geological Survey does not guarantee its validity. Assumptions, analyses, opinions, and actual outcomes may vary. The user should always verify actual data and exercise their own professional judgment when interpreting any outcomes. Cross-referenced citations are applicable to the dataset as a whole. Additional citations are located within individual process steps that pertain specifically to the method described in that step. 2021 ground condition Complete None planned -82.852193 -81.831103 28.217353 26.288364 ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans environment geoscientificInformation None Shoreline Change Digital Shoreline Analysis System DSAS U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC Linear Regression Rate LRR High Water Line HWL Mean High Water MHW proxy-datum bias PDB Bias feature Bias USGS Thesaurus geospatial datasets coastal processes USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:614a8de5d34e0df5fb975911 None Atlantic Coast Gulf Coast United States North America Georgia Florida None These data were generated for use within the DSAS v5 software, with shoreline data that has both mean high water (MHW) and high water line (HWL) data types present. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation. U.S. Geological Survey Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 US 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 rehenderson@contractor.usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/614a8de5d34e0df5fb975911?name=BG_FLwc_bias.jpg Map view of data jpg Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise; Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1 Meredith G. Kratzmann 2022 Data Report 1156 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Data Report associated with this data release: Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., Weber, K.M., Henderson, R.E., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2021, USGS national shoreline change-A GIS compilation of updated vector shorelines (1800s - 2010s) and associated shoreline change data for the Georgia and Florida Coasts: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J3CVN4. https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1156 Emily A. Himmelstoss Amy S. Farris Rachel E. Henderson Meredith G. Kratzmann Ayhan Ergul Ouya Zhang Jessica L. Zichichi 2018 software release version 5 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Current version of software at time of use was 5.1 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VW42I0 https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/ https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas E.A. Himmelstoss R.E. Henderson M.G. Kratzmann A. Farris 2018 Open-file report Open File Report 2018-1179 Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Suggested citation: Himmelstoss, E.A., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M, Farris, A., 2018, DSAS version 5 user guide. U.S. Geological Survey report 2018-1179, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181179 https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181179 https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Emily Himmelstoss Meredith Kratzmann E. Robert Thieler 2017 Data release doi:10.5066/F74X55X7 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55X7 Emily Himmelstoss Meredith Kratzmann E. Robert Thieler 2017 Data release doi:10.5066/F78P5XNK Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F78P5XNK Emily Himmelstoss Meredith Kratzmann E. Robert Thieler 2017 Open-File Report 2017-1015 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171015 Robert A. Morton Tara L. Miller 2005 Open-File Report 2005-1401 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051401 Tara L. Miller Robert A. Morton Asbury H. Sallenger 2005 Open-File Report 2005-1326 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051326 Robert A. Morton Tara L. Miller Laura J. Moore 2004 Open-File Report 2004-1043 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041043 Tara L. Miller Robert A. Morton Asbury H. Sallenger Laura J. Moore 2004 Open-File Report 2004-1089 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041089 Peter Ruggiero Jeffrey H. List 200909 publication Journal of Coastal Research vol. 255 n/a Coastal Education and Research Foundation pp. 1069-1081 https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1051.1 Amy S. Farris Kathryn M. Weber Kara S. Doran Jeffrey H. List 2018 Open-File Report 2018–1121 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181121 The attributes in this feature class record positional and measurement uncertainties and proxy-datum offsets calculated from averaged slope data (2000-2018) and local wave data. The field names are based on the requirements for use within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (Himmelstoss and others, 2018). Each line segment has a unique identification attribute (OBJECTID). The bias feature contains bias values and uncertainty of the bias values where lidar data were available. The bias feature file is complete and contains data used to apply the proxy-datum bias when calculating shoreline change rates in DSAS v5. The horizontal location of the bias feature is coincident with the baseline. The baseline serves as a reference point for transects cast by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software which does not correspond to any real-world feature. The profile method for lidar shoreline extraction (Farris and others, 2018) identifies an elevation-based shoreline from point cloud lidar data using a Matlab-based approach (Matlab version 2015b). Using a coast-following reference line with 20-meter spaced profiles, lidar data are analyzed within a two-meter swath around each profile. This method is used to extract MHW shoreline, slope, and uncertainty information. The slope data for each profile were saved. The slope at each profile was averaged over time using data from available lidar surveys 2000-2018. For more infomation regarding lidar shorelines for Georgia and Florida, see the shorelines metadata file associated with this dataset. Farris, A.S., Weber, K.M., Doran, K.S., and List, J.H., 2018, Comparing methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program for deriving shoreline position from lidar data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1121, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181121 Ruggiero, P., and List, J.H., 2009, Improving accuracy and statistical reliability of shoreline position and change rate estimates: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 1069-1081. Also available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/27752753 Stockdon, H.F., Sallenger, A.H., List, J.H., and Holman, R.A., 2002, Estimation of shoreline position and change using airborne topographic lidar data: Journal of Coastal Research, v.18, no. 3, p. 502-513. Also available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299097 2020 U.S. Geological Survey Amy S. Farris Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2344 508-457-2310 afarris@usgs.gov There is a known horizontal offset between the datum-based lidar MHW shoreline and the proxy-based historical shorelines on open-ocean sandy beaches that nearly always acts in one direction (Ruggiero and List, 2009). This bias is called the proxy-datum bias (PDB). The PDB is primarily due to wave run-up and thus is affected by the slope of the foreshore and the movement of water (waves, tides) onto the foreshore (see equation for the PDB and the PDB uncertainty in Ruggiero and List, 2009). These equations require beach slope and wave data. Ideally data collected at the time the proxy-based shoreline was collected would be used, however, since this is usually impossible, the PDB is estimated by averaging all available slope data (generated in the previous process step) and averaging at least 10 years of historical wave data from a nearby buoy (https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/) and the Wave Information Study (WIS) (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00071). The PDB is stored to a point shapefile at the intersection of the each profile with the coast-following reference line. National Data Buoy Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/ U.S. Wave Information Study, DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00071 2020 U.S. Geological Survey Amy S. Farris Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 US 508-548-8700 x2344 508-457-2310 afarris@usgs.gov In order to be used with DSAS, the data from the bias points must be connected to a shapefile that is near or adjacent to the DSAS baseline. However, the resulting bias points from the lidar shoreline extraction do not always fall near the baseline. The following steps detail how a series of transects are created to transfer the bias data from the bias points to a copy of the baseline. The following process steps were performed by the same person, Rachel E. Henderson. 2020 U.S. Geological Survey Rachel E. Henderson mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 rehenderson@contractor.usgs.gov A personal geodatabase was created and the baseline and sample shorelines for the project area were added. Using DSAS v5.1, the default parameters were set for a midshore baseline. Transects were cast using a 20-meter spacing, a search distance of 1000 meters and smoothing distance of 2000 meters. Once cast, the transects were evaluated with the original bias points to ensure the transects overlapped with the bias points and baseline. If needed, the transects were recast with a larger search distance. 2020 transects The data from the original bias points were transferred to the transects using the tool "Spatial Join" in ArcToolbox v10.6 > Analysis Tools > Overlay > Spatial Join). The resulting Bias_transect file contains all the original bias information. The Bias_transect file is then converted to a point file (midpoint) using the tool "Feature Vertices to Points" (ArcToolbox > Data Management Tools > Features > Feature Vertices to Points) and selecting the midpoint option. As the transects were cast with the midshore baseline options, the midpoints intersect the baseline. The resulting Bias_midpoint file contains all the original bias information. bias point data transects 2020 Bias_midpoint A copy of the baseline was created and split into 20-meter increments to match the same spacing of the Bias_midpoint feature. Points along the original baseline were created using the tool "Generate Points along Lines" at a distance of 20 meters. Then the ArcCatalog v10.6 tool "Split Line at Point" was used with the copy of the baseline to generate a new feature that has 20 meter segments: Feature_20m. Bias_midpoint 2020 Feature_20m The data from Bias_midpoint were transferred to the new baseline Feature_20m, using the tool "Spatial Join" (ArcToolbox v10.6 > Analysis Tools > Overlay > Spatial Join) resulting in a new polyline feature (Feature_wbias) containing all the original bias information at 20 meter increments. bias point data 2020 Feature_Wbias The "Unsplit Line" tool (ArcToolbox v10.6 > Data Management Toolbox > Features > Unsplit Line) was used to reconnect any adjacent 20-meter segment with the same bias and bias uncertainty values, reducing the number of small segments of the resultant bias feature. The final bias feature shapefile holds the bias value and the bias uncertainty. These components are used by the DSAS v5.1 software to apply the proxy-datum bias correction during shoreline change calculations. Feature_Wbias 2020 Bias_Feature The bias feature was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v10.7 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import > Feature class (single). This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Meredith G. Kratzmann 2020 Meredith G. Kratzmann U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 mkratzmann@contractor.usgs.gov The bias feature (FLwc_bias) was projected in ArcToolbox v10.7 > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Project. parameters: input projection - UTM zone 17N (WGS 84); output projection- geographic coordinates (WGS 84); transformation = none. 2021 Updated the cross-reference information with regards to the related Data Report (20220427). The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled with the dataset. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process performed on 20220427. The metadata title was modified to move the location name to the beginning of the title to account for the alphabetical listing of the individual records when ScienceBase migrates the data release to a new platform and "flattens" the data release structure (20260302). 20260302 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross mailing and physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Vector String 285 0.0197393776 0.0264608689 Decimal seconds WGS_1984 WGS_84 6378137.0 298.257223563 FLwc_bias.shp Proxy-datum bias and uncertainty values for the Florida west coast (FLwc) coastal region. U.S. Geological Survey FID Internal feature number used as a unique identifier of an object within a table primarily used in shapefiles. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. OBJECTID A unique identification number for each segment. U.S. Geological Survey Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. bias This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains a proxy-datum bias value describing the unidirectional horizontal offset (in meters) between the MHW elevation of the lidar data and HWL shoreline positions. The average value for FLwc is 4.0 meters. Values of 0.001 represent areas where there is no bias applied. U.S. Geological Survey 0.001 6.541803 meters bias_uncy The field contains the plus/minus horizontal uncertainty (meters) in the lidar shoreline position at each cross-shore beach profile.Values of 0.001 represent areas where there is no bias applied. U.S. Geological Survey 0.001 4.708489 meters The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The dataset contains the polyline baselines used for the analysis of shoreline data (SHP and other shapefile components), browse graphic, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Shapefile ArcGIS 10.7 Esri polyline shapefile These files (.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .html, and .shx) are a collection of files with a common filename prefix and must be downloaded and stored in the same directory. Together they are the components of the shapefile and include FGDC CSDGM-compliant metadata in HTML format. no compression applied 0.18 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J3CVN4 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/614a8de5d34e0df5fb975911 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/614a8de5d34e0df5fb975911 The first link is to the USGS publication page, the second link downloads all the data on the landing page, and the third link is to the dataset landing page. None These data are available in a polyline shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile. 20260302 Meredith G. Kratzmann U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time