Reed, Ariel P 20210615 tabular digital data Troy, NY U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A4FVZ4 This data release is associated with a journal article titled, "Aquatic-Terrestrial Linkages Control Metabolism and Carbon Dynamics in a Mid-sized, Urban Stream Influenced by Snowmelt." The data were collected adjacent to USGS stream gage 06730200 and include observed and modeled values. Dissolved oxygen, dissolved carbon dioxide, stream depth, water temperature, and light intensity were collected via passive water quality sensors. Modeled values include gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem production, reaeration, and light (when observed values were unavailable). Modeled values were obtained through streamMetabolizer, a USGS-sponsored R-package for estimating rates of stream metabolism. Estimates for carbon dioxide flux utilized both modeled (i.e. reaeration) and observed (i.e. dissolved carbon dioxide) values. Discharge data used in this study are not published here, but are publicly available through the Nation Water Information System (https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis). These data were collected for a metabolism study in Boulder Creek in Colorado, USA. High-frequency dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide observations were used to gain expanded insights into the seasonal patterns of metabolism and carbon dioxide flux in Boulder Creek and the implications for watershed connectivity in a snowmelt-dominated stream. Appling, A. P., Hall, R. O. J., Arroita, M., & Yackulic, C. B. (2017), streamMetabolizer: Models for estimating aquatic photosynthesis and respiration. Chapra, S. C., & Di Toro, D. M. (1991). Delta method for estimating primary production, respiration, and reaeration in streams. Journal of environmental engineering, 117(5), 640-655. 2016 2018 the real condition when the data were collected by instrumentation or observation Complete None planned -105.179715 -105.177956 40.052092 40.051008 USGS Thesaurus mathematical modeling freshwater ecosystems carbon cycling biogeochemical cycling None stream metabolism net ecosystem production ecosystem respiration gross primary production carbon dioxide dissolved oxygen reaeration snowmelt streamMetabolizer carbon dioxide flux in-situ high resolution urban stream seasonal variation Bayesian Model USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:60a2915bd34ea221ce4317d5 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Boulder Creek Boulder County Colorado None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. none Ariel P Reed NORTHEAST REGION: NEW YORK WATER SCI CTR Physical Scientist mailing and physical

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Troy NY 12180 US 518-285-5600 apreed@usgs.gov Sensors were calibrated and cleaned regularly, data was checked for erroneous spikes and outliers. All dissolved gas data were adjusted for local barometric pressure, water temperature, and the appropriate constants were used for unit transformation. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Dissolved oxygen and temperature measurements were collected at 10-minute intervals using a submersible miniDOT dissolved oxygen logger manufactured by Precision Measurement Engineering (Vista, CA, USA). The factory calibration for the miniDOT probes was internally validated and subsequently utilized for the first year of data collection. Precision Measurement Engineering ensured dissolved oxygen and temperature calibration to be within ± 5% and 0.1 °C, respectively. The second year of use, the miniDOT probes were calibrated using a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). Calibration samples were collected by syphoning Boulder Creek water into a 12-mL glass exetainer in triplicate and preserving with 100 μL of 50% weight-to-volume zinc chloride, then carefully capping to ensure no air bubbles were present in the vial. Samples were stored at room temperature until analysis. Corrections factors were calculated by converting the mass 32 peak obtained from the MIMS software into a dissolved oxygen concentration, then comparing the value to the measurement in the stream when the sample was collected (adjusting for temperature and pressure). Calibration factors were assumed to be a linear offset. The temperature sensor was factory calibrated and was assumed to maintain an error range of ± 0.1°C throughout the experiment. Dissolved carbon dioxide measurements were collected using a Vaisala GMT220 with a carbon dioxide concentration range of 0 to 10,000 ppm (Vantaa, Finland). The probe was wrapped in high-porosity polytetrafluoroethylene sleeve (a gas-permeable, water-impermeable material) and sealed with plasticized rubber to prevent water entry. The probe was calibrated with 0, 390, 1051, 2024, 4020, and 6080 ppm certified standards purchased from Airgas. The calibration curve related a known carbon dioxide concentration to a voltage output. The slope and offset generated by the standard curve were incorporated into the SEVolt command of the Campbell Scientific CR1000 code. Dissolved carbon dioxide measurements were recorded using the Campbell Scientific CR1000 Measurement and Controller System with one-hour resolution. Light intensity measurements were collected using an Onset HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Data Logger (Cape Cod, MA, USA). The pendants were factory calibrated at the start of the experiment. According to manufacturer specifications, light measurements are relative readings and account for light waves between 500 nm and 1100 nm with ≥50% response. Modeled light was used instead of light measurements if: 1) stream depth was greater than or equal to 1.59 meters; 2) if an observation between 10:00 and 15:00 local time registered as zero; or, 3) if there was no observed light data due to equipment malfunction. Approximately 50% of the light data utilized in the metabolism model was modeled light. Light data was fit to a localized polynomial regression in order to minimize outliers. All probes were attached to a steel fireplace grate and securely positioned in the thalweg of the streambed with rebar. All sensors were oriented downstream to prevent damage from large floating objects. The light sensor was oriented horizontal to the streambed. Sensors were maintained on a weekly basis during warmer months (approximately April – September), and biweekly basis during colder months (approximately October – March). Gaps in the final dataset are due to either sensor malfunction or exclusion of the data due to the supply canal providing >25% of baseflow to Boulder Creek at the study site. Water depth was calculated by using a rating curve relating stream depth (collected manually and periodically throughout the study) to the still well depth inside gaging station 06730200. All data required for the model was processed and formatted in R. Data requirements and preparation are included in the documentation of the streamMetabolizer package (https://github.com/USGS-R/streamMetabolizer). The model was run with the assumption of linear, photosynthetic light saturation and in the Bayesian configuration. Specific model theory and parameterization can be found in Appling et al. (2017). Carbon dioxide flux was calculated by coupling modeled stream reaeration and dissolved carbon dioxide data. In general, flux was calculated by multiplying the difference between the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration in the stream and the atmosphere (assumed constant of 390 ppm) by the daily, modeled, reaeration coefficient. More details on the conceptual approach and calculation can be found in the companion journal article. 2018 CO2.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined datetime Date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Producer Defined 06/08/2016 0:00 04/09/2018 22:00 MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM pCO2 Dissolved carbon dioxide concentration Producer Defined 412.6 3317 parts per million (ppm) co2flux Estimated carbon dioxide flux Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 97.78 1339 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day model_input.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined solar.time Date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Producer Defined 06/07/2016 00:00 05/30/2018 23:50 MM/DD/YYY HH:MM DO.obs Observed dissolved oxygen concentration Producer Defined 0.152 26.7 milligrams per liter DO.sat Theoretical dissolved oxygen concentration at 100% saturation relative to local atmospheric pressure Producer Defined 6.1 12.3 milligrams per liter water.temp Water temperature Producer Defined -0.08 32.3 degrees Celsius water.depth Stream depth at probes Producer Defined 0.172 1.28 meters mod.light Modeled light, calculated using the built-in streamMetabolizer function 'calc_light()' Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 2229 micromole photon per meter squared per second obs.light Observed light, data collected by submersible HOBO light probe Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0 2842 micromole photon per meter squared per second model_output.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined date Date Producer Defined 06/07/2016 05/29/2018 MM/DD/YYYY NEP Estimated net ecosystem production values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined -773.3 199.5 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day NEP.upper Maximum estimated net ecosystem production values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined -484.9 573.1 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day NEP.lower Minimum estimated net ecosystem production values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined -1052.6 21.4 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day ER Estimated ecosystem respiration values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined -840 -10.3 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day ER.upper Maximum estimated net ecosystem production values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined -609.6 85.7 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day ER.lower Minimum estimated net ecosystem production values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined -1059 -110.2 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day GPP Estimated gross primary production values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined 3.8 801.7 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day GPP.upper Maximum estimated gross primary production values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined 37.2 983.5 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day GPP.lower Minimum estimated gross primary production values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined -98.9 610 millimoles of carbon per meters squared per day K600 Estimated reaeration coefficient values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined 4.3 43.7 per day K600.upper Maximum estimated reaeration coefficient values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined 7.2 50.7 per day K600.lower Minimum estimated reaeration coefficient values from streamMetabolizer Producer Defined 1 37.3 per day All values are not rounded to USGS significant figures. See Supplemental Information. GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Tabular Digital Data none https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A4FVZ4 None 20210615 Ariel P Reed NORTHEAST REGION: NEW YORK WATER SCI CTR Physical Scientist mailing and physical

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Troy NY 12180 US 518-285-5600 apreed@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998