Josh Woda Jason Finkelstein John Williams 20220502 Data Release Troy, NY U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P96R5K5R Nicholas Corson-Dosch Michael N. Fienen Jason S. Finkelstein Andrew T. Leaf Jeremy T. White Joshua C. Woda John H. Williams 2022 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215112 This dataset includes spreadsheets with statistical data (mean and median absolute error) used in deciding which interpolation method best fit the corresponding dataset. All statistical data were paired with a visual inspection of the interpolation prior to determining the final raster product. All spreadsheets were generated using an automated Python script (Jahn, 2020). The purpose of this dataset was to show the statistical error for each interpolation method that was tested using the automated Python script (Jahn, 2020). 2020 2021 ground condition Complete None planned -79.047106933419 -78.354968261573 42.3511473863 42.021458892988 USGS Thesaurus Sourcewater Valley Fill Bedrock Mapping Aquifer mapping Glacial geology Statistics USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:60536182d34e7eb1cb3ebf85 Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Cattaraugus County New York Chautauqua County Allegany County Olean none none Joshua C Woda NORTHEAST REGION: NEW YORK WATER SCI CTR Hydrologist mailing and physical

425 Jordan Road

Troy NY 12180 US 518-285-5606 jwoda@usgs.gov No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted Data had varying degrees of accuracy depending on the interpolation method. However, even though an interpolation method might have a small amount of error, it did not guarantee that it would make geologic sense. This could include interpolation artifacts or other irregularities, which could rule out the interpolation. Visual checks were performed to account for this. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Kalle Jahn 2020 Python Script Github Github https://github.com/kallejahn/arcpro-interpol-compare Python Script 20190701 20200113 complete Interpolation Testing A Jupyter Notebook intended to reduce the amount of time spent manually comparing results from interpolation tools in ArcGIS Pro. The spreadsheets presented here (and ultimately the associated digital surfaces) were created using an array of point and contour inputs and common interpolation methods including: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, Kriging, and Bayesian Kriging. Interpolation methods were calibrated and validated for each dataset using a stepwise statistical testing approach that has since been automated (Jahn, 2020). First, the geostatistical wizard tool within ArcGIS was used to generate a statistical summary of accuracy for every available interpolation models in ArcMap 10.7. Additionally for each model, 10% of all data points were excluded from the initial interpolation. A raster was then generated for the remaining 90% of points. Using this newly generated raster, the absolute difference was calculated at every data point. Error analysis on the 10% of the points not used in the interpolation were also calculated. Mean and median error for the 10% of points not used indicated how well the interpolation method performed away from the input data (the 90% of points that were used for interpolation). The models with the smallest amount of mean and median absolute difference were chosen taking into consideration statistics, visual inspection and knowledge of the local geology. Typically, the Topo to Raster or Natural Neighbors interpolations were chosen based on a combination of statistics and visual inspection. 2020 1.0E-5 1.0E-5 Decimal degrees D_North_American_1983 NAD_1983 6378137.0 298.257222101 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.01 meter Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Valley_bedrock_interpolation This spreadsheet contains interpolation testing statistics for the Olean bedrock valley interpolation The authors of this dataset conceived these values model This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Producer defined This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Mean Err - training pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 1.251273648 2.025006434 meters Median Err - training pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.362944336 1.354562988 meters Mean Err - testing pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 2.229505021 3.455893711 meters Median Err - testing pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 1.148343687 1.914998169 meters Notes Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Producer defined Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Upland_bedrock_thickness_data_Interpolation This spreadsheet contains interpolation testing statistics for the Olean upland package thickness interpolation, used in the creation of the upland bedrock surface. The authors of this dataset conceived these values model This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Producer defined This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Mean Err - training pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.065370349 0.591446782 meters Median Err - training pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0 0.201210976 meters Mean Err - testing pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.117532657 0.616939921 meters Median Err - testing pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0 0.197948813 meters Notes Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Producer defined Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. upper_lacustrine_unit_top_elevation_interpolation This spreadsheet contains interpolation testing statistics for the top elevation of the Olean upper confining unit. The authors of this dataset conceived these values model This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Producer defined This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Mean Err - training pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.530190797 1.886799067 meters Median Err - training pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.01755957 1.133102832 meters Mean Err - testing pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.494676758 2.391756592 meters Median Err - testing pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.169928955 1.497120605 meters Notes Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Producer defined Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. upper_lacustrine_unit_bottom_elevation_interpolation This spreadsheet contains interpolation testing statistics for the bottom elevation of the Olean upper confining unit. The authors of this dataset conceived these values model This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Producer defined This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Mean Err - training pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.933337765 2.045390828 meters Median Err - training pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.222088379 1.78635083 meters Mean Err - testing pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 3.46984668 6.763852661 meters Median Err - testing pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 1.449070313 5.903499878 meters Notes Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Producer defined Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Main_Lacustrine_bottom_elevation_middle_section_olean This spreadsheet contains interpolation testing statistics for the bottom elevation of the main Olean confining unit located in the center of the study area. The authors of this dataset conceived these values model This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Producer defined This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Mean Err - training pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.421083004 0.887432099 meters Median Err - training pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.020983887 0.38968099 meters Mean Err - testing pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.589785931 0.843879782 meters Median Err - testing pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.200978394 0.39262321 meters Notes Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Producer defined Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Main_Lacustrine_top_elevation_middle_section_olean This spreadsheet contains interpolation testing statistics for the top elevation of the main Olean confining unit located in the center of the study area. The authors of this dataset conceived these values model This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Producer defined This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Mean Err - training pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.421083004 0.887432099 meters Median Err - training pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.020983887 0.38968099 meters Mean Err - testing pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.589785931 0.843879782 meters Median Err - testing pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.200978394 0.39262321 meters Notes Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Producer defined Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Main_Lacustrine_top_elevation_western_section_olean This spreadsheet contains interpolation testing statistics for the top elevation of the main Olean confining unit located in the western side of the study area. The authors of this dataset conceived these values model This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Producer defined This column contains the name of the interpolation model being tested. Models tested include: Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbors, multiple Kriging methods, and multiple Bayesian Kriging methods. Mean Err - training pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.01941472 0.782814798 meters Median Err - training pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual training points (the 90% of points used in the generation of the test interpolation). Producer defined 0.000374534 0.36047502 meters Mean Err - testing pts This column contains the mean deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.014052926 0.565147279 meters Median Err - testing pts This column contains the median deviation (absolute difference) from values associated with each of the individual testing points (the 10% of points intentionally left out of the interpolation for testing purposes). Producer defined 0.009454901 0.351762251 meters Notes Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. Producer defined Assorted comments pertaining to the individual rows. Usually indicates which interpolation method was chosen for the final product. ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Not for navigational use. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20260424 Josh Woda The United States Geologic Survey Hydrologist mailing and physical

425 Jordan Road

Troy New York 12180 The United States 518-285-5606 jwoda@USGS.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998