KAYLA N. KEY GARTH A. LINDNER 20240509 vector digital data Tennessee Tech University Kayla N. Key Key, K. N. 2019. A spatial assessment of the status and risks to mussel concentrations in the Meramec Drainage of Missouri. PhD Dissertation, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MDNT7P This layer represents fundamentally suitable and unsuitable habitat for freshwater mussels in the Meramec Basin as modeled by these authors on May 17, 2017 based on spatial data ranging from 1990 to 2014. Identification of habitat characteristics associated with the presence of freshwater mussels is challenging but crucial for the conservation of this declining fauna. Most mussel species are found in multi-species assemblages suggesting that physical factors influence presence similarly across species. In lotic environments, geomorphic and hydraulic characteristics appear to be important factors for predicting mussel presence. We used maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling to evaluate hydrogeomorphic variables associated with mussel presence at a riverscape-scale along 530 river km of the Meramec River basin, USA. Mussel locations were obtained from an existing multi-year dataset, and hydrogeographic variables were derived using high-resolution, open-source datasets of aerial imagery and topography. The following hydrogeomorphic variables were associated with mussel presence: lateral channel stability, low-flow surface water availability, presence of gravel bars, and stream power, but presence of gravel bars appeared to be the most important variable. Identification of suitable habitat was strongly influenced by the distance to gravel bars, suggesting mussels are found near gravel bars. A subset of the data not used in model development was used to validate the final model. The validation locations fell almost exclusively and disproportionately in habitats that the model identified as suitable, suggesting that we identified common habitat requirements for multiple mussel species. These findings can inform how resource managers allocate survey, monitoring, and conservation efforts. The layer represents areas of suitable and unsuitable habitat for freshwater mussels as predicted by the model. It was created to inform how resource managers allocate conservation efforts in the Meramac River drainage. 19900101 20141231 See Supplemental Info Complete None planned -91.3157 -90.3311 38.5752 37.8026 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None freshwater mussels conservation planning unionids hydrogeomorphology MaxEnt riverscape USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5fc926add34e4b9faad8a223 None Ozark Missouri Meramec None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Kayla N. Key West Tennessee River Basin Authority Environmental Consultant I mailing and physical

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Humboldt Tennessee 38343 7316164557 Kayla.Key@tn.gov Please see open access publication for details about quality assessment of the dataset (Key 2019). https://search.proquest.com/docview/2334215273?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true The actual data are consistent with the details provided here. All values fall within expected ranges, and the data have been checked for duplication/omission. The integrity of the geospatial data has been assessed. The spatial data used to create this model ranged from 1990-2014. The data represent information only within the fixed geographic area (Meramec River drainage, see "Spatial Domain"). KAYLA N. KEY GARTH A. LINDNER 20170517 raster digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 20120101 20141231 publication date Bluff adjacency Bluff adjacency was used as an environmental variable in the MaxEnt model. KAYLA N. KEY GARTH A. LINDNER 20170517 raster digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 20120101 20141231 publication date Stream power Stream power was used as an environmental variable in the MaxEnt model. KAYLA N. KEY GARTH A. LINDNER 20170517 raster digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 19900101 20071231 publication date Lateral channel stability Lateral channel stability was used as an environmental variable in the MaxEnt model. KAYLA N. KEY GARTH A. LINDNER 20170517 raster digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 20120101 20141231 publication date Gravel/pool class Gravel/pool class was used as an environmental variable in the MaxEnt model. KAYLA N. KEY GARTH A. LINDNER 20170517 raster digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 20120101 20141231 publication date Gravel bar proximity Gravel bar proximity was used as an environmental variable in the MaxEnt model. KAYLA N. KEY GARTH A. LINDNER 20170517 raster digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 20120101 publication date Low water availability Low water availability was used as an environmental variable in the MaxEnt model. STEPHEN E. MCMURRAY 20140813 Access application/service Digital and/or Hardcopy 19940101 20131231 publication date Mussel occurrence data Point locations of mussels were used as input for the MaxEnt model. Step-by-step instructions for deriving the hydrogeomorphic layers used in this model are located in the corresponding publication (Key 2019). The maximum entropy modeling method known as MaxEnt (Phillips 2006) was used to generate habitat models for mussel communities in the Meramec River basin. This method uses presence-only data to find the probability distribution of maximum entropy (i.e., closest to uniform) given constraints of known locations and hydrogeomorphic variables relative to the spatial extent of the analysis (Raxworthy et al. 2007). Because MaxEnt does not require absence points, 10,000 pseudo-absence points were generated automatically. MaxEnt generated a map showing predicted habitat suitability for each area of the landscape (given the spatial grain size) with values ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 is the most unsuitable and 1 is the most suitable habitat. A portion of mussel survey locations (n=42) were used in the MaxEnt model. All continuous hydrogeomorphic variables used in the final model were not highly correlated (r < 0.75). Run type was set to bootstrap to generate test data with 20% of the presence data, and random seed was chosen to randomize test data. Replicates were set to 50 and iterations set to 5000. All other settings in MaxEnt were set to default. The models were built using 80% of the total amount of presence data used in the model (n=42) referred to as “training data,” to generate the algorithms relating the hydrogeomorphic variables to the habitat suitability of every parcel on the landscape. The remaining 20% of locations that were withheld from MaxEnt were used to test the model. All spatial analyses were performed in ArcGIS 10.5 and projected to NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N (ESRI 2011). Due to computational limitations, we were not able to perform the image classification analysis on aerial imagery at 1 m. The finest resolution we were able to classify and process was 10 m. Therefore, all other layers were resampled to a 10-m resolution using majority setting on the resample tool in ArcMap, and the final product has a 10-m resolution. The raw model results were converted to a binary map of suitable and unsuitable reaches using the equal test sensitivity and specificity logistic threshold of 0.45. Once reaches were delineated, a buffer of 40 m was used to separate suitable and unsuitable habitats to account for areas of transition. The buffer size selected represents the average length of transitional values of habitat suitability seen across the watershed between long, continuous reaches of high habitat suitability values versus low unsuitable habitat values. The portions of river highlighted as suitable habitat by this approach are measurable reaches of suitable habitat that also vary in length. The length of these reaches depends on the continuity of stream characteristics and the relationship of mussel presence to those characteristics. 20170517 Kayla N. Key West Tennessee River Basin Authority Environmental Consultant I mailing and physical

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Humboldt Tennessee 38343 7316164557 Kayla.Key@tn.gov Vector G-polygon 562 Universal Transverse Mercator 15 0.9996 -93.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 BinaryReaches.shp Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer Defined FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. ID NA Producer Defined 0 2448 GRIDCODE Suitable or Unsuitable Producer Defined 1 Suitable Producer defined 0 Unsuitable Producer defined SID NA Producer Defined 0 288 USID NA Producer Defined 0 292 RID NA Producer Defined 1 580 River Stream Name Producer Defined LowBourb Lower Bourbeuse River Producer defined UpBourb Upper Bourbeuse River Producer defined LowBig Lower Big River Producer defined UpBig Upper Big River Producer defined UpMera Upper Meramec River Producer defined LowMera Lower Meramec River Producer defined MidMera Middle Meramec River Producer defined Length Stream reach length in meters Producer Defined 12.399 9109.837 m The "FID" column contains automatically generated numbers that represent individual stream reaches. The "Shape" column denotes that the dataset is in vector format. The "GRIDCODE" column identifies suitable and unsuitable habitat predicted by the model (1= suitable, 0=unsuitable). The "River" column identifies the stream name and section (LowBourb= lower Bourbeuse River, UpBourb= upper Bourbeuse River, LowBig= lower Big River, UpBig= upper Big River, MidMera= middle Meramec River, LowMera= lower Meramec River. The "Length" column represents the length (in meters) of each suitable and unsuitable stream reach. Key, K. N. 2019. A spatial assessment of the status and risks to mussel concentrations in the Meramec Drainage of Missouri. PhD Dissertation, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MDNT7P None 20240509 Kayla N. Key West Tennessee River Basin Authority Environmental Consultant I mailing and physical

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Humboldt Tennessee 38343 7316164557 Kayla.Key@tn.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998