<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<metadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Montoya-Aiona, Kristina</origin>
        <origin>Pinzari, Corinna</origin>
        <origin>Bonaccorso, Frank</origin>
        <pubdate>20201009</pubdate>
        <title>Hawaiian hoary bat acoustic detector locations pre- and post- koa moth outbreak, Hawaii Island, 2011-2013</title>
        <geoform>tabular digital data</geoform>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZFS101</onlink>
        <lworkcit>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Banko, Paul</origin>
            <origin>Peck, Robert</origin>
            <origin>Yelenik, Stephanie</origin>
            <origin>Paxton, Eben</origin>
            <origin>Bonaccorso, Frank</origin>
            <origin>Montoya-Aiona, Kristina</origin>
            <origin>Foote, David</origin>
            <pubdate>2014</pubdate>
            <title>Dynamics and Ecological Consequences of the 2013-2014 Koa Moth Outbreak at the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge</title>
            <geoform>publication</geoform>
            <serinfo>
              <sername>HCSU Technial Reports</sername>
              <issue>058</issue>
            </serinfo>
            <onlink>http://hdl.handle.net/10790/2604</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </lworkcit>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>We examined Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus) presence and foraging activity at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge and Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve on Hawai‘i Island during the 2013 koa moth (Geometridea: Scotorythra paludicola) outbreak. Hawaiian hoary bat echolocation vocalizations were recorded at seven acoustic stations between 1069 and 1200 m above sea level, that operated nightly from May 2013 through September 2013. We compared these data to data collected at similar locations in 2011 to determine the response of bats to increased moth abundance during 2013.

In this abstract we refer to the Hawaiian hoary bat as a full species, Lasiurus semotus, following updated taxonomy for Hawaiian hoary bats (Pinzari et al. 2020; see full citation below in the cross-references section).</abstract>
      <purpose>The objective of the data collection was to document bat presence and foraging activity by recording Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus) echolocation vocalizations at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge and Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve during the koa moth (Geometridea: Scotorythra paludicola) outbreak from May to September 2013 and compare to pre-outbreak data collected in 2011.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <rngdates>
          <begdate>20110706</begdate>
          <enddate>20130926</enddate>
        </rngdates>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>observed</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-155.33750</westbc>
        <eastbc>-155.28150</eastbc>
        <northbc>19.94760</northbc>
        <southbc>19.79030</southbc>
      </bounding>
      <descgeog>Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge and Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve</descgeog>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
        <themekey>biota</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>None</themekt>
        <themekey>Echolocation</themekey>
        <themekey>Acoustic recording</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:5f7cf0f782ce1d74e7db5702</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>Common geographic areas</placekt>
        <placekey>Hawaii Island</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None.  Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.</accconst>
    <useconst>None.  Users are advised to read the data set's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Kristina Montoya-Aiona</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Zoologist</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Bldg 344 Chain of Craters Rd.</address>
          <city>Hawaii National Park</city>
          <state>HI</state>
          <postal>96718</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>808-985-6447</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>808-967-8568</cntfax>
        <cntemail>kmontoya-aiona@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <datacred>This research was funded by the National Park Service (Interagency Agreement Number P13PG00297) and by the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center.</datacred>
    <native>Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1 
AnalookW Version 3.3.6
PRESENCE Version 4.2</native>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Corinna A Pinzari</origin>
        <origin>Lin Kang</origin>
        <origin>Pawel Michalak</origin>
        <origin>Lars S Jermiin</origin>
        <origin>Donald K Price</origin>
        <origin>Frank J Bonaccorso</origin>
        <pubdate>20200827</pubdate>
        <title>Analysis of genotype sequence data reveals the origin and evolutionary separation of Hawaiian hoary bat populations</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa137</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <taxonomy>
      <keywtax>
        <taxonkt>None</taxonkt>
        <taxonkey>Lasiurus cinereus semotus</taxonkey>
        <taxonkey>Scotorythra paludicola</taxonkey>
      </keywtax>
      <taxoncl>
        <taxonrn>Kingdom</taxonrn>
        <taxonrv>Animalia</taxonrv>
        <common>animals</common>
        <taxoncl>
          <taxonrn>Subkingdom</taxonrn>
          <taxonrv>Bilateria</taxonrv>
          <taxoncl>
            <taxonrn>Infrakingdom</taxonrn>
            <taxonrv>Deuterostomia</taxonrv>
            <taxoncl>
              <taxonrn>Phylum</taxonrn>
              <taxonrv>Chordata</taxonrv>
              <common>chordates</common>
              <taxoncl>
                <taxonrn>Subphylum</taxonrn>
                <taxonrv>Vertebrata</taxonrv>
                <common>vertebrates</common>
                <taxoncl>
                  <taxonrn>Infraphylum</taxonrn>
                  <taxonrv>Gnathostomata</taxonrv>
                  <taxoncl>
                    <taxonrn>Superclass</taxonrn>
                    <taxonrv>Tetrapoda</taxonrv>
                    <taxoncl>
                      <taxonrn>Class</taxonrn>
                      <taxonrv>Mammalia</taxonrv>
                      <common>mammals</common>
                      <taxoncl>
                        <taxonrn>Subclass</taxonrn>
                        <taxonrv>Theria</taxonrv>
                        <taxoncl>
                          <taxonrn>Infraclass</taxonrn>
                          <taxonrv>Eutheria</taxonrv>
                          <taxoncl>
                            <taxonrn>Order</taxonrn>
                            <taxonrv>Chiroptera</taxonrv>
                            <common>bats</common>
                            <taxoncl>
                              <taxonrn>Suborder</taxonrn>
                              <taxonrv>Yangochiroptera</taxonrv>
                              <taxoncl>
                                <taxonrn>Superfamily</taxonrn>
                                <taxonrv>Vespertilionoidea</taxonrv>
                                <taxoncl>
                                  <taxonrn>Family</taxonrn>
                                  <taxonrv>Vespertilionidae</taxonrv>
                                  <common>vespertilionid bats</common>
                                  <taxoncl>
                                    <taxonrn>Subfamily</taxonrn>
                                    <taxonrv>Vespertilioninae</taxonrv>
                                    <taxoncl>
                                      <taxonrn>Tribe</taxonrn>
                                      <taxonrv>Lasiurini</taxonrv>
                                      <taxoncl>
                                        <taxonrn>Genus</taxonrn>
                                        <taxonrv>Lasiurus</taxonrv>
                                        <common>hairy-tailed bats</common>
                                        <taxoncl>
                                          <taxonrn>Subgenus</taxonrn>
                                          <taxonrv>Lasiurus (Lasiurus)</taxonrv>
                                          <taxoncl>
                                            <taxonrn>Species</taxonrn>
                                            <taxonrv>Lasiurus cinereus</taxonrv>
                                            <common>hoary bat</common>
                                            <common>Hoary Bat</common>
                                            <taxoncl>
                                              <taxonrn>Subspecies</taxonrn>
                                              <taxonrv>Lasiurus cinereus semotus</taxonrv>
                                              <common>Hawaiian hoary bat</common>
                                              <common>Hawaiian Hoary bat</common>
                                              <common>TSN: 202344</common>
                                            </taxoncl>
                                          </taxoncl>
                                        </taxoncl>
                                      </taxoncl>
                                    </taxoncl>
                                  </taxoncl>
                                </taxoncl>
                              </taxoncl>
                            </taxoncl>
                          </taxoncl>
                        </taxoncl>
                      </taxoncl>
                    </taxoncl>
                  </taxoncl>
                </taxoncl>
              </taxoncl>
            </taxoncl>
          </taxoncl>
          <taxoncl>
            <taxonrn>Infrakingdom</taxonrn>
            <taxonrv>Protostomia</taxonrv>
            <taxoncl>
              <taxonrn>Superphylum</taxonrn>
              <taxonrv>Ecdysozoa</taxonrv>
              <taxoncl>
                <taxonrn>Phylum</taxonrn>
                <taxonrv>Arthropoda</taxonrv>
                <common>arthropods</common>
                <taxoncl>
                  <taxonrn>Subphylum</taxonrn>
                  <taxonrv>Hexapoda</taxonrv>
                  <common>hexapods</common>
                  <taxoncl>
                    <taxonrn>Class</taxonrn>
                    <taxonrv>Insecta</taxonrv>
                    <common>insects</common>
                    <taxoncl>
                      <taxonrn>Subclass</taxonrn>
                      <taxonrv>Pterygota</taxonrv>
                      <common>winged insects</common>
                      <taxoncl>
                        <taxonrn>Infraclass</taxonrn>
                        <taxonrv>Neoptera</taxonrv>
                        <common>modern, wing-folding insects</common>
                        <taxoncl>
                          <taxonrn>Superorder</taxonrn>
                          <taxonrv>Holometabola</taxonrv>
                          <taxoncl>
                            <taxonrn>Order</taxonrn>
                            <taxonrv>Lepidoptera</taxonrv>
                            <common>butterflies</common>
                            <common>moths</common>
                            <taxoncl>
                              <taxonrn>Superfamily</taxonrn>
                              <taxonrv>Geometroidea</taxonrv>
                              <taxoncl>
                                <taxonrn>Family</taxonrn>
                                <taxonrv>Geometridae</taxonrv>
                                <common>cankerworms</common>
                                <common>geometers</common>
                                <common>measuringworms</common>
                                <taxoncl>
                                  <taxonrn>Subfamily</taxonrn>
                                  <taxonrv>Ennominae</taxonrv>
                                  <taxoncl>
                                    <taxonrn>Tribe</taxonrn>
                                    <taxonrv>Boarmiini</taxonrv>
                                    <taxoncl>
                                      <taxonrn>Genus</taxonrn>
                                      <taxonrv>Scotorythra</taxonrv>
                                      <taxoncl>
                                        <taxonrn>Species</taxonrn>
                                        <taxonrv>Scotorythra paludicola</taxonrv>
                                        <common>koa moth</common>
                                        <common>TSN: 117595</common>
                                      </taxoncl>
                                    </taxoncl>
                                  </taxoncl>
                                </taxoncl>
                              </taxoncl>
                            </taxoncl>
                          </taxoncl>
                        </taxoncl>
                      </taxoncl>
                    </taxoncl>
                  </taxoncl>
                </taxoncl>
              </taxoncl>
            </taxoncl>
          </taxoncl>
        </taxoncl>
      </taxoncl>
    </taxonomy>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>No formal accuracy tests were conducted.</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.</logic>
    <complete>Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted, or is not applicable.</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
      <vertacc>
        <vertaccr>A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable.</vertaccr>
      </vertacc>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Acoustic sampling was conducted during the koa moth outbreak between May 2013 and September 2013. Four acoustic monitoring stations were established within the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge. Two stations were located along Pedro road tract (stations PD1, PD2) and two stations were located along the Pua Akala tract (stations PA1, PA2). Three stations were located in the Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve (stations LA1, LA2, LA3).

These data were compared to previously collected data at the same or similar locations from July to September 2011. Two acoustic monitoring stations were located within the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge located along the Pua Akala tract (stations PA1, PA2) and three stations located in the Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve (stations 1A, 2A, 3A). Data were not collected along the Pedro road tract within Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge during 2011.</procdesc>
        <procdate>2013</procdate>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntperp>
              <cntper>Kristina Montoya-Aiona</cntper>
              <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION</cntorg>
            </cntperp>
            <cntpos>Zoologist</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
              <address>Bldg 344 Chain of Craters Rd.</address>
              <city>Hawaii National Park</city>
              <state>HI</state>
              <postal>96718</postal>
              <country>United States</country>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>808-985-6447</cntvoice>
            <cntfax>808-967-8568</cntfax>
            <cntemail>kmontoya-aiona@usgs.gov</cntemail>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spdoinfo>
    <direct>Vector</direct>
    <ptvctinf>
      <sdtsterm>
        <sdtstype>Entity point</sdtstype>
        <ptvctcnt>10</ptvctcnt>
      </sdtsterm>
    </ptvctinf>
  </spdoinfo>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <planar>
        <gridsys>
          <gridsysn>Universal Transverse Mercator</gridsysn>
          <utm>
            <utmzone>5</utmzone>
            <transmer>
              <sfctrmer>0.9996</sfctrmer>
              <longcm>-153.0</longcm>
              <latprjo>0.0</latprjo>
              <feast>500000.0</feast>
              <fnorth>0.0</fnorth>
            </transmer>
          </utm>
        </gridsys>
        <planci>
          <plance>coordinate pair</plance>
          <coordrep>
            <absres>0.6096</absres>
            <ordres>0.6096</ordres>
          </coordrep>
          <plandu>meters</plandu>
        </planci>
      </planar>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>NAD83_High_Accuracy_Reference_Network</horizdn>
        <ellips>GRS_1980</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137.0</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.257222101</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
  </spref>
  <eainfo>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>HHB Acoustic Detector Locations, 2011-2013.csv</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Site</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Name of general site where bat acoustic detectors were located.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <udom>General areas where bat acoustic detectors were located in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge and Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve.</udom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Station</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Name of bat acoustic detector station.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>PD1</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station PD1 on the Pedro tract in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>PD2</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station PD2 on the Pedro tract in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>PA1</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station PA1 on the Pua Akala tract in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>PA2</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station PA2 on the Pua Akala tract in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>LA1</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station LA1 in the Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>LA2</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station LA2 in the Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>LA3</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station LA3 in the Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>1A</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station 1A in the Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>2A</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station 2A in the Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>3A</edomv>
            <edomvd>Station 3A in the Lāupahoehoe Forest Reserve.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Easting</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (UTM) Easting used for recording station locations</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>255352</rdommin>
            <rdommax>260980</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Northing</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (UTM) Northing used for recording station locations.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>2189961</rdommin>
            <rdommax>2207303</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Year</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Calendar year that the station was active yyyy.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>2011</rdommin>
            <rdommax>2013</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Outbreak</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Category of acoustic survey period.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>Post</edomv>
            <edomvd>Post-outbreak acoustic survey conducted during 2013.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>Pre</edomv>
            <edomvd>Pre-outbreak acoustic survey conducted during 2011.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
    </detailed>
  </eainfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>GS ScienceBase</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>
          <city>Denver</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80225</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>sciencebase@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>Digital Data</formname>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZFS101</networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>None</fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20201009</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Kristina Montoya-Aiona</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Zoologist</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Bldg 344 Chain of Craters Rd.</address>
          <city>Hawaii National Park</city>
          <state>HI</state>
          <postal>96718</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>808-985-6447</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>808-967-8568</cntfax>
        <cntemail>kmontoya-aiona@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001.1-1999</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
