James L. Kunz
Chris D. Ivey
Ning Wang
20200824
Chemical and biological data from acute and chronic nickel and zinc exposure bioassays to two sensitive freshwater benthic invertebrates
spreadsheet
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DH1ORZ
Ning Wang
James L. Kunz
Danielle M. Cleveland
Jeffery A. Steevens
Edward J. Hammer
Eric Van Genderen
Adam C Ryan
Christian E. Schlekat
20200806
Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nickel and Zinc to Two Sensitive Freshwater Benthic Invertebrates Using Refined Testing Methods
publication
n/a
Wiley
https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4841
The responses (survival, growth, and/or reproduction) of test organisms in six concentrations of toxicants in acute and chronic tests. Chemical and water quality parameters were measured for quality assurance and quality control purposes.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is reviewing the protectiveness of the national ambient water quality criteria (WQC) for nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) and compiling toxicity databases to update the WQC. An amphipod (Hyalella azteca) and a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) showed high sensitivity to Ni and Zn in previous studies. However, there were uncertainties in influence of test duration (48 vs 96 h) and the presence/absence of food in the acute exposures with the amphipod, and concerns of the poor control growth or reproduction of the amphipod and the mussel in the chronic exposures. . We conducted acute 48- and 96-h toxicity tests to address these uncertainties.
20150501
20180430
ground condition
None planned
-92.284300000003
-92.274450000004
38.912612
38.910784
Columbia Environmental Research Center
USGS Thesaurus
ecotoxicology
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
chronic toxicity
acute toxicity
chronic effects
chronic exposure
alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
heavy metals
water quality
water chemisty
water quality standards
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:5f33f00782cee144fb32916f
None
Columbia Environmental Research Center
Illinois Natural History Survey
None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.
None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.
James L Kunz
U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center
mailing and physical
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia
MO
65201
USA
573-875-5399
jkunz@usgs.gov
Edward J. Hammer, US Environmental Protection Agency, Water Quality Branch, Chicago, Illinois; Eric Van Genderen, Adam C Ryan, International Zinc Association, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Christian E. Schlekat, NiPERA Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Crustaceans
Bivalves
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
2020
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
ONLINE_REFERENCE
Washington, D.C.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
http://itis.gov
Charles Warbritton
U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center
mailing and physical
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia
MO
65201
USA
573-875-5399
rwarbritton@usgs.gov
expert advice;;All test species are commonly cultured and/or laboratory test species
Test species were provided by experts of culture facilities
All aquatic organisms were identified to the level of species
Kingdom
Animalia
Subkingdom
Bilateria
Infrakingdom
Protostomia
Superphylum
Ecdysozoa
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Crustacea
Class
Malacostraca
Subclass
Eumalacostraca
Superorder
Peracarida
Order
Amphipoda
Suborder
Gammaridea
Family
Hyalellidae
Genus
Hyalella
Species
Hyalella azteca
Kingdom
Animalia
Subkingdom
Bilateria
Infrakingdom
Protostomia
Superphylum
Lophozoa
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Bivalvia
Subclass
Palaeoheterodonta
Order
Unionoida
Superfamily
Unionoidea
Family
Unionidae
Subfamily
Ambleminae
Tribe
Lampsilini
Genus
Lampsilis
Species
Lampsilis siliquoidea
fatmucket
Survival, growth, and reproduction endpoints were determined following ASTM standard methods. Analyses of tested chemicals were performed following USEPA standard methods and CERC internal standard operating procedures and quality assurance/quality control protocols. Established laboratory quality assurance/quality control procedures and sample types (i.e., second source calibration verification, laboratory spikes, duplicates, reference/laboratory control materials) were used to verify instrument performance, accuracy, and precision throughout the analyses. These established procedures were in place to ensure method performance and instrument suitability. Results from each laboratory underwent data quality review prior to use in the present study. All data entry was double checked.
All data matches up with the details provided and falls within the expected ranges. Data was checked for duplicates and omissions.
The data are complete as described in the abstract
na
na
Test Organisms
Gravid female fatmucket brooding mature larvae (glochidia) were collected in mid-January 2015 from the Silver Fork of Perche Creek, Boone County, MO, and held at the Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC), US Geological Survey, Columbia, MO, in a 600-L flow-through tank with well water (hardness 300 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity 250 mg/L as CaCO3, pH 7.8) at a flow rate of about 2 L/min. The water was maintained at 10 to 12 °C to prevent the mussels from releasing the glochidia. The adult mussels were fed approximately 20 mL of a commercial non-viable microalgal Nannochloropsis concentrate (Nanno 3600TM) and 20 mL of a unique mix of 6 microalgae (Shellfish Diet 1800TM; Reed Mariculture, Campbell, CA, USA) twice daily. The adult mussels were transferred to Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, for juvenile mussel culture in ASTM reconstituted moderately hard water (hardness 100 mg/L as CaCO3 and pH 7.8; ASTM 2019c). Roughly equal numbers of glochidia were removed from each of 3 adult mussels by gently flushing the mussel marsupium with a syringe filled with culture water. The glochidia isolated from the 3 mussels were pooled and placed on hatchery-reared largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) for metamorphosis. The host fish were maintained at 22 °C in a recirculating system designed to collect transformed juvenile mussels. The transformed juvenile mussels were recovered approximately 2 weeks after fish infestation. Juveniles that were collected from the host fish during the 2-d peak drop-off were shipped overnight to CERC. Juvenile mussels were cultured for 6 weeks at CERC using a flow-through diluter with an auto-feeding system before use in chronic toxicity testing.
A batch of 7-d-old amphipods was cultured in-house at CERC from less than 24-h old amphipods (the US Lab strain) for acute or chronic toxicity testing. The less than 24-h-old amphipods were isolated from in-house mass culture of mixed-age organisms using a #25 sieve (710 µm opening; ASTM 2019a) and reared for 7 d before testing. Both test species were cultured at the test temperature of 23 °C in test water (i.e., control water). The test water was prepared in a 7000-L polypropylene tank by diluting CERC well water (hardness 300 mg/L as CaCO3) with deionized water to a hardness of 100 mg/L as CaCO3. Ambient laboratory light of 500 lux with 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod was used during the organism culture and toxicity testing.
2015
Test Solutions
Stock Ni and Zn solutions were prepared with reagent grade NiCl2 and ZnCl2 (greater than or equal to 98% purity; Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), respectively. Six concentrations of Ni or Zn (including a control; with a 50% dilution series), ranging from the nominal less than 1 µg Ni/L or less than 2 µg Zn/L in the control to 6400 µg Ni/L or 1000 µg Zn/L, were chosen based on results of previous toxicity testing with the amphipod (H. azteca) and the mussel (L. siliquoidea). For the static acute toxicity tests with the amphipod, a solution of the highest exposure concentration was prepared by adding a certain amount of NiCl2 or ZnCl2 into 2,000 mL of control water in a glass jar. One half of that exposure solution was then used to prepare the solutions of lower exposure concentrations using 50% serial dilution with the control water.
Chronic toxicity tests were conducted in 4 intermittent flow-through proportional diluter systems. Each diluter created and delivered 5 test concentrations of a toxicant (Ni or Zn) with a 50% dilution series, plus control water, into 300-mL replicate glass beakers. An in-line flow splitter was attached to each delivery line to partition the water flow evenly to each of replicate beakers. The stream of water produced by the splitter was strong enough to reach the bottom of beaker but not so strong as to disturb the sand substrate and test organisms. The stream of water helped mix the water column and provide fresh water and food throughout the beaker. Each replicate beaker was equipped with a 2.5-cm hole in the side that had been covered with a 50-mesh (279-µm width opening) stainless-steel screen to allow the solution to flow through. The diluter provided 125 mL of test solution to each replicate beaker once every 4 h (~4 water volume additions per day) for the amphipod test and once every 2 h (~8 water volume additions per day) for the mussel test. The water delivery cycle was increased to once every 1 h in the last 4 weeks of the 12-week mussel test.
2018
Acute Toxicity Testing
Each of acute 96-h static, non-renewal toxicity tests with and without feeding were conducted with the same batch of amphipods. At the beginning of the test, 5 amphipods were impartially transferred (ASTM 2019a) into each of eight 300-mL glass beakers per exposure concentration (i.e., 4 replicates for the test with feeding and 4 replicates for the test without feeding). Each beaker contained 200 mL of water and 5 mL of silica sand (~100- to 400-µm particles; Granusil #5010, Unimin Corporation, New Canaan, CT, USA). All test beakers were held in a water bath at 23±1 °C. For the test with feeding, amphipods in each replicate were fed 0.25 mg of a diatom mixture and 0.5 mg of Tetramin diet at 0 and 48 h (as recommended for a 96-h reference toxicant test with H. azteca in ASTM 2019a). The number of dead amphipods (with decomposed tissue) and immobilized amphipods (lying-down on their side and lack of movement) were recorded at 48 and 96 h.
2018
Chronic Toxicity Testing
Each diluter was used for testing one species (amphipod or mussel) with one toxicant (Ni or Zn). The test duration was 6 weeks for amphipods and 4 and 12 weeks for mussels. A total of 8 beakers per concentration were placed in each diluter and held in a water bath at 23±1 °C. In a diluter with amphipods, all 8 replicate beakers were used for the 6-week amphipod test. In a diluter with mussels, 4 of the 8 beakers were used for the 4-week survival and growth data sampling and the other 4 beakers were used for the 12-week data sampling. The beakers contained 200 mL of water and 5 mL of the silica sand. At the start of the chronic testing, 10 amphipods or 10 mussels were impartially transferred into each replicate beaker. Additional samples of 4 replicates of each test species were also collected at the beginning of a test and preserved in 70% ethanol for subsequent measurements of starting size. The length of the amphipods from the base of the first antenna to the tip of the third uropod along the curve of the dorsal surface (ASTM 2019a) and the maximum shell lengths of mussels were measured to the nearest 0.001 mm using a digitizing system with video micrometer software (Image Caliper, Resolution Technology, Dublin, OH, USA). The total dry weight of surviving amphipods or mussels in each replicate was determined after the organisms were dried for 24 h at 60 °C. The dry weight of the pooled organisms in a replicate was measured to the nearest 0.001 mg with a microbalance (Model MX5, Mettler-Toledo, Columbus, OH) and normalized on a per-individual basis. The individual organism length measurements provided information on the size variation of the organisms within each replicate. The mean initial amphipod length was 1.61 ± 0.04 mm and the mean dry weight/individual was 0.042 ± 0.016 mg (n=4 replicates; 10 organisms/replicate). The mean initial mussel shell length was 1.56 ± 0.15 mm and the mean dry weight/individual was 0.046 ± 0.016 mg (n=4 replicates; 10 organisms/replicate).
Test organisms were fed at refined feeding rates. Specifically, the amphipods were initially fed once daily with 0.25 mg of diatoms and 0.5 mg of Tetramin flake diet; and the feeding rate was increased over the exposure time. Mussels were fed an algal mixture automatically with each cycling of the diluter every 1 or 2 h, as described the previous section Test Solutions. A stock of algal mixture was prepared daily by adding 1 mL of Nanno 3600TM and 2 mL of Shellfish Diet 1800TM into 1.8 L of test water (algal concentration ~510 nl cell volume/mL). A peristaltic pump (Masterflex® L/S® model 07522-20 with 7535-08 multichannel head; Fisher Scientific) was automated to deliver a certain volume of the algal mixture to each of 6 mixing cells in the diluter following each cycling of the diluter system. The volume of the algal delivery was adjusted to maintain a concentration of 3 nL cell volume/mL in the delivery water. The feeding rate was increased by increasing the frequency of water and food delivery from once every 2 h to every 1 h in the last 4 weeks of the 12-week exposures.
Test beakers and sand were replaced every 2 weeks. Amphipods and mussels in each replicate beaker were first rinsed into a 200-mL glass dish with the test solution from the replicate beaker for survival determination. Amphipods with decomposed tissue or lack of response to gentle prodding and mussels with empty shells or with gaped shells containing decomposed tissue were classified as dead and removed from the replicate beakers. At the end of the 6-week amphipod test, reproduction was measured by removing and counting adult and young in each beaker. Surviving adult amphipods were preserved in 70% ethanol for subsequent length and dry weight measurements and for determining the number of adult females in each replicate. The number of adult females was determined by counting males with an enlarged second gnathopod and assuming that all other adults were females (ASTM 2019a). Surviving mussels were destructively sampled at weeks 4 and 12 and preserved in 70% ethanol for subsequent measurements of length and dry weight. The methods for the growth measurements of the 2 species were the same as described previously for the starting sizes.
2018
Water Quality and Chemical Analyses
Water quality characteristics (dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, and total ammonia on a nitrogen basis) were determined using standard methods (Eaton et al. 2005) on composite water samples collected from the replicates in the control, medium, and high exposure concentrations at the beginning and the end of both acute and chronic toxicity tests, and as well as every other week during chronic tests. Likewise, water samples for analyses of major cations (calcium, Ca; potassium, K; magnesium, Mg; and sodium, Na), major anions (chloride, Cl and sulfate, SO4), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were collected from the controls at the beginning and the end of both acute and chronic toxicity tests, and as well as every other week during chronic tests. Water samples for dissolved Ni and Zn analyses were collected from each of the 6 test concentrations at the beginning of acute toxicity tests and at the beginning of chronic tests and every other week during chronic tests.
2018
Water samples for dissolved Ni, Zn, and major cation analyses were syringe-filtered (0.45 µm polyethersulfone membrane, PES; USEPA 1993) and preserved within 24 h of collection by adding a sufficient volume of house-distilled concentrated nitric acid to each sample, to result in a final acid concentration of 1 to 2 % (v/v). Anion samples were also syringe-filtered (0.45 µm PES), then preserved by refrigeration and analyzed within 30 days of collection. Samples for DOC analysis were vacuum-filtered (0.45 µm PES) and acidified with 9N high-purity sulfuric acid to pH 2 or lower upon collection. Samples were refrigerated and held no longer than 28 days before DOC analysis. Quantitative analyses of Ni, Zn, and major cations were performed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; ELAN DRC-e, PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT, USA) using a method similar to USEPA 6020B (USEPA 2014). Cl and SO4 concentrations were measured by ion chromatography (ICS-1100, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) using a method similar to USEPA 9056A (USEPA 2007b); and DOC was measured as non-purgeable organic carbon by high temperature combustion catalytic oxidation-nondispersive infrared spectroscopy using a total organic carbon analyzer (Model TOC-L CSH, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA). The DOC analysis method was similar to USEPA method 415.3.
2018
A minimum of 3 external NIST-traceable calibration standards were used to calibrate the instrument responses; and instrument and method performance were verified using continuing calibration and blank verification standards, analytical spikes and duplicate analyses. Analytical spike recoveries were 90-114% and duplicate analyses had relative percent differences less than 10% for all analytes. Laboratory control solutions (LCS) were used to provide an additional measure of calibration verification for Ni, Zn, and cation ICP-MS analyses; analyte recoveries from the LCS samples were 90-115%. Interference checks were also performed for all ICP-MS measurements using a 5-fold dilution approach; percent differences between results for diluted and undiluted samples were 0-13%. Estimated method quantification limits (MQL) were 0.02-0.06 µg/L for Ni and 1-3 µg/L for Zn in water. The estimated method detection limit (MDL) for DOC was 0.1-0.2 mg/L, and the MQL for DOC was 0.4-0.5 mg/L. Reporting limits were 0.1 mg/L each for Ca, K, Mg, and Na, 0.3 mg/L for Cl, and 1.5 mg/L for SO4.
2018
Lab
Chronic and acute exposure bioassays to evaluate nickel and zinc toxicity to amphipods and fat mucket were conducted following ASTM standard methods.
ASTM International
2019
ASTM International standard guide for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians (E729-96 (2014)). Annual Book of ASTM International Standards Volume 11.06, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
book
Not electronically available
ASTM International
2019
Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels (ASTM E2455-06 (2013)). Annual Book of ASTM Standards Volume 11.06. West Conshohocken, PA.
Book
Not electronically available
ASTM International
2019
Standard test method for measuring the toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants with freshwater invertebrates (E1706-05 (2010). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 11.06, West Conshohocken, PA.
Book
Not electronically available
Eaton, AD
Clesceri, LS
Rice, EW
Greenberg, AE
2005
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
Book
na
21st Edition
Washington, DC, USA
American Public Health Association, Water Environment Federation, American Water Works Association
https://www.awwa.org/Store/Product-Details/productId/65266295
US Environmental Protection Agency
2014
Method 6020B: Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Washington, DC.
Document
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/6020b.pdf
US Environmental Protection Agency
2007
Method 9056A: Determination of inorganic anions by ion chromatography. Washington, DC.
Document
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/9056a.pdf
US Environmental Protection Agency
2002
Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms, fourth edition. EPA-821-R-02-013. Washington, DC.
Document
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/short-term-chronic-freshwater-wet-manual_2002.pdf
US Environmental Protection Agency
2003
Determination of total organic carbon and specific UV absorbance at 254nm in source water and drinking water, Method 415.3
Document
US Environmental Protection Agency
2007
Aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria – copper, 2007 revision. EPA-822-R-07-001. Office of Water, Washington, DC.
Document
https://www.epa.gov/wqc/aquatic-life-ambient-freshwater-quality-criteria-copper-2007-revision
Growth of Lampsilis siliquoidea in exposure bioassays.txt
Text (TXT) file containing summary data of replicate dry weight in chronic exposure bioassays
Producer Defined
Toxicant
Toxic substance to which the test organism was exposed
Producer Defined
Zinc
ZnCl2; CASRN 7646-85-7
Producer defined
Nickel
NiCl2·6H2O; CASRN 7791-20-0
Producer defined
Day
The day that the sample was collected. The value represents the number of 24 hour days that have elapsed since the exposure bioassay began.
Producer Defined
28
84
24 hour days
Tox_Conc
The analyzed concentration of toxicant in the sample
Producer Defined
0.51
241.3
Micrograms per liter
Replicate
A numeric identifier used to distinguish the replicate testing chambers tested under identical conditions. Replicate measurements capture random biological variation.
Producer Defined
A numeric identifier used to distinguish the replicate testing chambers tested under identical conditions. Replicate measurements capture random biological variation.
Stocked
Count of test organisms placed into the test chamber at beginning of test
Producer Defined
10
10
Observed individuals
Survival
Count of test organisms surviving at end of test; Includes animals that maintain equilibrium and swim without stimulation
Producer Defined
8
11
Observed individuals
Weighed
Count of surviving test organisms weighed
Producer Defined
8
11
Observed individuals
Dry_weight
Composite dry replicate weight of total surviving animals at end of test
Producer Defined
0.0.694
381.756
Milligrams
Survival of test orgamisms in exposure bioassay.txt
Text (TXT) file containing summary data of test organism survival and reproduction in exposure bioassays
Producer Defined
Species
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Producer Defined
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Day
The day that the sample was collected. The value represents the number of 24 hour days that have elapsed since the exposure bioassay began.
Producer Defined
2
84
24 hour days
Fed
An indicator of if the test organisms were fed during the bioassay
Producer Defined
Yes
Test organisms were fed
Producer defined
No
Test organisms were not fed
Producer defined
Toxicant
Toxic substance to which the test organism was exposed
Producer Defined
Nickel
NiCl2·6H2O; CASRN 7791-20-0
Producer defined
Zinc
ZnCl2; CASRN 7646-85-7
Producer defined
Toc_Conc
The analyzed concentration of toxicant in the sample
Producer Defined
0.47
6175.0
Micrograms per liter
Replicate
A numeric identifier used to distinguish the replicate testing chambers tested under identical conditions. Replicate measurements capture random biological variation.
Producer Defined
A numeric identifier used to distinguish the replicate testing chambers tested under identical conditions. Replicate measurements capture random biological variation.
Survival
Count of test organisms surviving at end of test; Includes animals that maintain equilibrium and swim without stimulation
Producer Defined
0
10
Observed individuals
Reproduction
Number of young per female produced during the bioassay
Producer Defined
--
No data
Producer defined
0.0
26.0
Observed individuals
Length of test organisms in exposure bioassays
Text (TXT) file containing summary data of fat mucket and amphipod length in exposure bioassays
Producer Defined
Species
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Producer Defined
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Toxicant
Toxic substance to which the test organism was exposed
Producer Defined
Nickel
NiCl2·6H2O; CASRN 7791-20-0
Producer defined
Zinc
ZnCl2; CASRN 7646-85-7
Producer defined
Day
The day that the sample was collected. The value represents the number of 24 hour days that have elapsed since the exposure bioassay began.
Producer Defined
28
84
24 hour days
Nom_Tox_Conc
The target toxicant concentration in the bioassay exposure chamber
Producer Defined
0
240
Micrograms per liter
Replicate
A numeric identifier used to distinguish the replicate testing chambers tested under identical conditions. Replicate measurements capture random biological variation.
Producer Defined
A numeric identifier used to distinguish the replicate testing chambers tested under identical conditions. Replicate measurements capture random biological variation.
Animal
Numeric value used to identify test organism being measured
Producer Defined
Numeric value used to identify test organism being measured
Length
Measured length of test organism
Producer Defined
0.90
12.37
Millimeters
Measured concentration of toxicant in exposure bioassays.txt
Text (TXT) file of data regarding nominal and measured concentrations of toxicants in exposure bioassays.
Producer Defined
Species
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Producer Defined
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Toxicant
Toxic substance to which the test organism was exposed
Producer Defined
Zinc
ZnCl2; CASRN 7646-85-7
Producer defined
Nickel
NiCl2·6H2O; CASRN 7791-20-0
Producer defined
Day
The day that the sample was collected. The value represents the number of 24 hour days that have elapsed since the exposure bioassay began.
Producer Defined
0
84
24 hour days
Tox_Conc
The analyzed concentration of toxicant in the sample
Producer Defined
NM
Not measured
Producer defined
0.38
249.4
Micrograms per Liter
Nom_Tox_Conc
The target toxicant concentration in the bioassay exposure chamber
Producer Defined
0.0
240.0
Micrograms per liter
Water chemistry characteristics of test waters.txt
Text (TXT) file of data regarding water chemistry characteristics of test waters (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, total hardness, total alkalinity, total ammonia, DOC), in exposure bioassays
Producer Defined
Species
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Producer Defined
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Toxicant
Toxic substance to which the test organism was exposed
Producer Defined
Nickel
NiCl2·6H2O; CASRN 7791-20-0
Producer defined
Zinc
ZnCl2; CASRN 7646-85-7
Producer defined
Day
The day that the sample was collected. The value represents the number of 24 hour days that have elapsed since the exposure bioassay began.
Producer Defined
0
84
24 hour days
Nom_Tox_Conc
The target toxicant concentration in the bioassay exposure chamber
Producer Defined
0
6400
Micrograms per liter
WQP
The water quality parameter analyzed in the sample
Producer Defined
Dissolved oxygen
Gaseous oxygen in water or water solutions in test chambers, unfiltered
Producer defined
Conductivity
Reciprocal of the resistance in ohms measured between opposite faces of a centimeter cube of an aqueous solution at a specified temperature, 25° Celsius
Producer defined
pH
Logarithm of the reciprocal hydrogen ion concentration in atoms per liter or acidity of water in test chambers
Producer defined
Alkalinity
The total titratable bases in water or buffering capacity of culture and test waters as equivalent milligrams of CaCO3 per liter
Producer defined
Hardness
Alkaline salts in water, mainly calcium and magnesium, of culture or test waters, as milligrams CaCO3 per liter
Producer defined
Ammonia
Ammonia ions
Producer defined
Dissolved organic carbon
Carbon/Organic matter this is filterable through a 0.45 micron membrane and cannot be purged.
Producer defined
WQP_Conc
The analyzed concentration of the water quality parameter in the sample
Producer Defined
--
No Data
Producer defined
0.0211
309
See WQP_Units
WQP_Units
Units of measure for the indicated water quality parameter
Producer Defined
Units of measure for the indicated water quality parameter
Concentration of major ions in exposure bioassays.txt
Text (TXT) file containing measured concentration of major ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, iron and sulfate) in exposure bioassays.
Producer Defined
Species
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Producer Defined
The taxonomic identification of the test organisms
Toxicant
Toxic substance to which the test organism was exposed
Producer Defined
Nickel
NiCl2·6H2O; CASRN 7791-20-0
Producer defined
Zinc
ZnCl2; CASRN 7646-85-7
Producer defined
Day
The day that the sample was collected. The value represents the number of 24 hour days that have elapsed since the exposure bioassay began.
Producer Defined
0
84
24 hour days
Nom_Tox_Conc
The day that the sample was collected. The value represents the number of 24 hour days that have elapsed since the exposure bioassay began.
Producer Defined
0
60
Micorgrams per liter
Ion_Analyzed
The type of ion analyzed in the sample
Producer Defined
The type of ion analyzed in the sample
Ion_Conc
Ion concentration: Concentration of cation or anion analyzed in the sample
Producer Defined
--
No data
Producer defined
0.13
30.00
Milligrams per liter
LT 0.1
The concentration was below the method detection limit of 0.1 milligrams per liter
Producer defined
LT 0.5
The concentration was below the method detection limit of 0.5 milligrams per liter
Producer defined
GS ScienceBase
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical
Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver
CO
80225
United States
1-888-275-8747
sciencebase@usgs.gov
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
20200910
CERC Data Managers
U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Natural Resource Data Manager
mailing and physical
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia
MO
65201
USA
573-875-5399
gs-mw-cerc_data_manager@usgs.gov
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001.1-1999