Karen E. Jenni 20200812 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/P99LM27E Theresa S. Presser David L. Naftz 20200810 spreadsheet This data release and accompanying spreadsheet illustrate the ecosystem scale selenium model for Lake Koocanusa described in USGS Open-File Report 2020-xxxx, "Understanding and Documenting the Scientific Basis of Selenium Ecological Protection in Support of Site-Specific Guidelines Development for Lake Koocanusa, Montana, U.S.A., and British Columbia, Canada." All report sections, equations, and tables referenced in this data release and spreadsheet are from that report, referred to hereafter as “the OFR.” Two models are described in the OFR. Results for several different “runs” of this model with different model input parameters and assumptions are included in this data release. The spreadsheet calculations that produced those results are also included with this data release. Model 1, IFM = Insect-to-fish model, summarized by Eq. 11: protective C(Se)dissolved = tissue guideline/TTFfish /[(TTFinvert1*invert fraction1) + (TTFinvert2*invert fraction2)]/SPM bioavailability fraction/(Kd/1,000). Model2, TFM = Trophic-fish model, summarized by Eq. 12: protective C(Se)dissolved = tissue guideline/TTFfishTL4/TTFfishTL3/[(TTFinvert1*invert fraction1) + (TTFinvert2*invert fraction2)]/SPM bioavailability fraction/(Kd/1,000). Model results are presented for the four representative IFM food webs described in Table 6 of the OFR, and for three representative TFM food webs described in Table 7 of the OFR. “Generic” IFM and TMF modeling spreadsheets (consistent with Tables 8 and 9 of the OFR) are provided that implement the two models such that a user can establish their own modeling assumptions and view the results of the models with those assumptions.Finally, four alternative modeling scenarios and results specifically requested by the Montana Department of Environmental Quality, the cooperator in this work, are also presented here. Data contained in this data release were compiled from USGS and non-USGS sources to serve as the basis for ecosystem-scale modeling of Lake Koocanusa. Results from the ecosystem-scale modeling of Lake Koocanusa will be used by state, federal, and provincial regulators to determine dissolved selenium guideline(s) for the protection of aquatic life in Lake Koocanusa 2008 2018 observed Complete None planned -115.5103 -114.9774 49.4035 48.3596 World USGS Thesaurus selenium ecosystem scale selenium model Lake Koocanusa insect-to-fish model trophic-fish model USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5f2edba482ceae4cb3c735d8 Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Lake Koocanusa British Columbia, Canada None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Karen E Jenni U.S. Geological Survey, ENERGY & MINERALS Decision Scientist mailing address

Mail Stop 939, W 6th Ave Kipling St

Lakewood CO 80225 US 303-236-5766 kjenni@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The data reasonably matches the expectations within the bounds of the study area. All values fall within expected ranges. There are no duplicate or missing data. These data represent conditions downstream of Elk Valley, a known source of elevated selenium concentrations. These data represent the fixed geographical area designated by the study area. David L. Naftz/USGS 20200810 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VXYSNZ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2008 2018 publication date Data Dictionary 1. Understanding and Documenting the Scientific Basis of Selenium Ecological Protection in Support of Site-Specific Guidelines Development for Lake Koocanusa, Montana, U.S.A., and British Columbia, Canada by Theresa L. Presser and David Naftz. 2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA], 2018, Water quality standards—Establishment of a numeric criterion for selenium for the State of California: Federal Register, v. 83, no. 239, p. 64059–64078, accessed May 2020 at https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2018-26781. The IFM model results: In the "Diet Component Analysis and Categorization of Fish Species" section of the OFR, and in Table 6, four representative IFM food webs are identified for four categories of fish species in in Lake Koocanusa. The following tabs shows the model and calculated results for each of these four IFM food webs for Lake Koocanusa. 1. IFM 100% aq insects - Fish consuming a diet of 100% aquatic insects (chironomids) - model representing rainbow trout (Apr-Nov), westslope cutthroat trout, redside shiner, and longnose sucker 2. IFM 50-50 AqInsect-Zoop Fish consuming a diet of 50% aquatic insects (chironomids) and 50% zooplankton - model representing peamouth chub, largescale sucker, and mountain whitefish 3. IFM 25-75 AqInsect-Zoop - Fish consuming a diet of 25% aquatic insects (chironomids), 75% zooplankton - model representing rainbow trout feeding habits Dec-March. 4. IFM 100% Zooplankton - Fish consuming 100% zooplankton diet - model representing kokanee. The tab labeled “5. IFM generic” is provided for users wishing to run to model for scenario parameters they define themselves. Each IFM tab contains the following: 1. Lines 1-13 specify all model input parameters except for the Kd partitioning factor. Green cells are scenario-specific values. 2. Line 5 is a text entry (optional) used to describe the fish species being modeled. 3. Line 6 is the specified target concentration of Se in fish whole-body tissues in part-per-million dry-weight, specified by a number (required). As stated in the "Introduction" section of the OFR, the USEPA regulatory standard of 8.5 ppm dw (USEPA) is the primary target concentration evaluated in the in the report. All IFM tabs in this data release implement this modeling assumption. 4. Lines 8 and 9 are the fraction of the diet of the species being modeled that is aquatic insects (line 8) and zooplankton (line 9). A numeric value between 0 and 1 (required) is specified in line 8; line 9 is calculated such that the entire diet is composed of these two components. 5. Line 11 specifies the fraction of Se in suspended particulate matter (SPM) that is bioavailable to the food web. A numeric value (required) between 1 and 0 is required to run the model. Model results presented in the "Conclusions" section of the OFR are based on two bioavailability scenarios: 1.0 (100%) and 0.6 (60%). The effect of the bioavailability estimate is described in "Modeling and Fish Scenario Development", and the basis for the 0.6 bioavailability scenario is described in "Model Validation." Each IFM tab in this data release presents both the 100% and the 60% (or other user-specified) bioavailability scenario results. 6. Line 13 specifies the invertebrate-to-fish trophic transfer factor for the model. A numeric value is required. A generic TTF fish of 1.1 is used in the model results presented in the report. The "Species-Specific TTFfish for Predator and Forage Fish" section of the OFR includes species-specific TTF values that could be substituted, and Table 10 includes a single illustrative calculation for each species-specific TTF value. The generic value of 1.1 is used in the IFM tabs presented here; substituting species- specific values into this worksheet will result in a species-specific set of model runs. 7. Lines 16 and below contain the model calculations. Blue cells are linked to the model input cells described above. Orange cells are calculated values. Grey cells are values set by data documented in the report. 8. Columns A through H are model inputs. Column A, B, D, and E are linked directly from the valued described above. Columns C and E are the trophic transfer factors (TTFs) for aquatic insects (2.8. from equation 4) and zooplankton (1.5, from equation 5) 9. Columns G and H contain the calculated values for the bioaccumulation potential (BAP) for two scenarios for bioavailability. These calculations are described in the “Modeled Bioaccumulation Potentials for Lake Koocanusa” section of the OFR, and the BAFs for each food web are shown in Table 6. 10. Columns I through M present the complete dataset for Kd for Lake Koocanusa presented as a basis for modeling. These correspond directly to Columns A-D, and Column P of Table 8 of the OFR. Blank rows (dates with no Kd values) have been removed. 11. Columns O and P present the model results. 12. Columns S and T are a resorting of the model results for graphing. 13. Columns N and R are used for sorting. 14. The chart anchored at Cell A23 illustrate the full set of model results for the calculations on each sheet, as well as a reference line at 1.5 ppm, the current recommended EPA standard referenced in the OFR. 15. Below the chart at cells B50:D52 is a table that summarizes the percentage of the model results for this scenario where the protective water column concentration is below the value specified in column B. These correspond to the description of the model results in the Conclusions section of the OFR. 20200810 The TFM model results In the "Diet Component Analysis and Categorization of Fish Species" section of the OFR, and in Table 7, three representative TFM food webs are identified for predator fish species in Lake Koocanusa. The three models differ in the assumed diet of the prey fish. The worksheet tabs shows the model and calculated results for each of these three TFM food webs for Lake Koocanusa. Worksheet 6. TFM w TL3 100% AqIns - Fish consuming a diet of 100% prey fish, with those prey fish consuming a diet of 100% aquatic insects (chironomids) - model representing burbot (during winter benthic feeding), bull trout, and northern pikeminnow. Worksheet 7. TFM w TL3 50-50 AqIns-Zoop - Fish consuming a diet of 100% prey fish, with those prey fish consuming a diet of 50% aquatic insects (chironomids) and 50% zooplankton - model representing bull trout, burbot, and northern pikeminnow. Worksheet 8. TFM w TL3 100% Zoop - Fish consuming a diet of 100% prey fish, with those prey fish consuming a diet of 100% zooplankton - model representing burbot (summer feeding), bull trout, northern pikeminnow, and rainbow trout that consume only kokanee. Worksheet 9. TFM generic” is provided for users wishing to run to the TFM model for scenario parameters they define themselves. Each TFM tab contains the following: 1. Lines 1-21 specify all model input parameters except for the Kd partitioning factor. Green cells are scenario-specific values. 2. Line 6 is a text entry (optional) used to describe the fish species being modeled. 3. Line 7 is the specified target concentration of Se in fish whole-body tissues in part-per-million dry-weight, specified by a number (required). As stated in the "Introduction" section of the OFR, the USEPA regulatory standard of 8.5 ppm dw (USEPA) is the primary target concentration evaluated in the OFR. All TFM tabs in this data release implement this modeling assumption. 4. Lines 9-12 are the fraction of the diet of the species being modeled that is comprised of prey fish (lines 9, 10), aquatic insects (line 11) and zooplankton (line 12). Numeric values between 0 and 1 are required in rows 9-12 and must sum to 1 or less; line 12 is calculated. 5. Lines 14 and 15, columns B and C, specify the fraction of the diet(s) of the prey fish being consumed that are aquatic insects or zooplankton. A numeric value between 0 and 1 is required in line 14; line 15 is calculated such that the total diet sums to 1. 6. Line 17 specifies the fraction of Se in suspended particulate matter (SPM) that is bioavailable to the food web. A numeric value (required) between 1 and 0 is required to run the model. Model results presented in the "Conclusions" section of the OFR are based on two bioavailability scenarios: 1.0 (100%) and 0.6 (60%). The effect of the bioavailability estimate is described in "Modeling and Fish Scenario Development", and the basis for the 0.6 bioavailability scenario is described in "Model Validation." Each TFM tab in this data release presents both the 100% and the 60% (or other user-specified) bioavailability scenario results. 7. Lines 19-21 specify the trophic transfer factors to fish: line 18 is the invertebrate-to-prey-fish 1 TTF, line 19 is the invertebrate-to-prey-fish 2 TTF, and line 19 is the TL3 to TL4 TTF for the predator fish being modeled. A numeric value is required. A generic TTF fish of 1.1 is used in the model results presented in the OFR. The "Species-Specific TTF fish for Predator and Forage Fish" section of the OFR includes species-specific TTF values that could be substituted, and Table 10 includes a single illustrative calculation for each species-specific TTF value. The generic value of 1.1 is used for all three fish species in the TFM tabs presented here; substituting species- specific values into this worksheet will result in a species-specific set of model runs. 8. Lines 24 and below contain the model calculations. Blue cells are linked to the model input cells described above. Orange cells are calculated values. Grey cells are values set by data documented in the OFR. 9. Columns B through M are model inputs. Column B-G, I, and K are linked directly from the values described above. Columns H and J are the trophic transfer factors (TTFs) for aquatic insects (2.8. from equation 4) and zooplankton (1.5, from equation 5) 10. Row 28, columns B-K represent the diet of the predator fish being modeled; Rows 29 and 30 represent the diets of the two prey fish that comprise (part of) the diet of the predator being modeled. 11. Columns L and M contain the calculated values for the bioaccumulation potential (BAP) for two scenarios for bioavailability. These calculations are described in the “Modeled Bioaccumulation Potentials for Lake Koocanusa” section of the OFR, and the BAFs for each of the TFM food webs are shown in Table 7. 12. Columns N through R present the complete dataset for Kd for Lake Koocanusa presented as a basis for modeling. These correspond directly to Columns A-D, and Column P of Table 8 of the OFR. Blank rows (dates with no Kd values) have been removed. 13. Columns R and T present the model results. 14. Columns X and Y are a resorting of the model results for graphing. 15. Columns S and W are used for sorting. 16. The chart anchored at Cell b32 illustrates the full set of model results for the calculations on each sheet, as well as a reference line at 1.5 ppm, the current recommended EPA standard referenced in the OFR. 17. Below the chart at cells C60:E62 is a table that summarizes the percentage of the model results for this scenario where the protective water column concentration is below the value specified in column C. These correspond to the description of the model results in the Conclusions section of the OFR. 20200810 Cooperator requested additional model results: Montana Department of Environmental Quality, the USGS cooperator for this work, requested that the results for several additional model scenarios be produced, and provided the following description of each. Scenario 1: Focal Species: peamouth chub Criteria: USGS professional opinion for protective criteria such that no individual bull trout is harmed. Rationale: bull trout are listed as threatened and are protected under the Endangered Species Act. Bull trout represent a piscivorous food web. Results Notes: 1. Per Table 4 of the OFR, bull trout are represented by the TFM model, so the calculations in Tabs 6-8 apply to this scenario. 2. Criteria must be numeric; Illustrative results for a criteria of 8.5 ppm are provide in Tabs 6-8; alternative numeric criteria can be explored by a user using Tab 9 3. The specific food web that applies depends on composition of prey fish consumed by bull trout; Tabs 6-8 illustrate 3 different prey fish diet compositions. Scenario 2: Focal Species: peamouth chub (using species specific food web & a conservative aquatic insect food web Criteria: 8.5 & 4.0 mg/kg dw in whole-body tissues Rationale: peamouth chub are relatively data rich species in the reservoir; their small size makes them likely candidates as a forage species for piscivorous fish and wildlife; and, they appear to accumulate selenium to high levels relative to other species. Results Notes: 1. Per Table 4 of the OFR, the peamouth chub food web is best represented as 50% aquatic insect, 50% zooplankton 2. See Tab “S2 species-specific” for model results for the two specified numeric criteria. 3. See Tab “S2 conservative” for model results for the two specified numeric criteria for an assumed “conservative aquatic insect foodweb” Scenario 3: Focal Species: rainbow trout Criteria: 8.5 & 5.6 mg/kg dw in whole-body tissues (5.6 calculated using egg/ovary:whole-body conversion factor of 1.96 for rainbow trout, the basis for the BCMOE guideline; presented in USEPA 2016) Rationale: A sensitive species in the reservoir representing a primarily aquatic insect food web. Results Notes: 1. Per Table 4 of the OFR, rainbow trout food web is 100% aquatic insect, but may switch to predominantly zooplankton in Dec-Mar; given the stated rationale for interest in this scenario, the 100% aquatic insect food web results are presented 2. See "IFM 100% aq insect" tab for results at whole-body tissue concentration target of 8.5. 3. See "S3 rainbow trout” tab for additional calculation for alternative target concentration specified above Scenario 4: Focal Species: mountain whitefish Criteria: 8.5 & 7.6 mg/kg dw in whole-body tissues (7.6 calculated using muscle:whole-body conversion factor of 1.27; USEPA 2016) Rationale: mountain whitefish appear to accumulate selenium to higher levels relative to other species typically consumed by humans; culturally important species to Ktunaxa citizens. This scenario would demonstrate that Ktunaxa citizens consuming fish at their preferred rate (i.e., 168 g/day – noting that the preferred rates are under development but that the guidance given to EMC in 2016 by KNC reflects this rate) would be protected – to meet this criteria muscle tissues should not exceed the BCMOE (2014) human consumption screening value, adjusted for the Ktunaxa preferred consumption rate, of 2.4 mg/kg ww or 9.7 mg/kg dw). Results Notes: 1. Per Table 4 of the OFR, mountain whitefish food web is about 60% aquatic insect, 40% zooplankton. It is represented in the OFR by the 50/50 food web. 2. See "S4 mountain whitefish” tab for additional calculations of results with a 60/40 food web at the requested whole-body tissue concentrations targets. 20200807 Karen E Jenni U.S. Geological Survey, ENERGY & MINERALS Decision Scientist mailing address

Mail Stop 939, W 6th Ave Kipling St

Lakewood CO 80225 US 303-236-5766 kjenni@usgs.gov W1. IFM 100% aq insects All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Producer Defined W2. IFM 50-50 Aqinsect-Zoop All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W3. IFM 25-70 AqInsect-Zoop All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W4. IFM 100% Zoop All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W5. IFM generic All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W6. TFM w TL3 100% AqIns All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W7. TFM w TL3 50-50 AqIns- Zoop All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W8. TFM w TL3 100% Zoop All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Producer Defined W9. TFM generic All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W10. S2 species specific All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W11. S2 conservative All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W12. S3 rainbow trout All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni W13. S4 mountain whitefish All column headings are defined in the data dictionary. Karen E. Jenni Data_Dictionary_IFM_TFM_Ecosystem_Model_Scenarios This table defines all terms for the embedded worksheets in the table (W1 - W13) in this data release K.E. Jenni U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P99LM27E None 20200831 Karen E Jenni U.S. Geological Survey, ENERGY & MINERALS Decision Scientist mailing address

Mail Stop 939, W 6th Ave Kipling St

Lakewood CO 80225 US 303-236-5766 kjenni@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999