Andrew H. Manning Richard B. Wanty Lyndsay B. Ball Kenneth H. Williams 20200929 tabular digital data, shapefile Additional information about Originator: Manning, A.H., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237; Wanty, R.B., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423; Ball, L.B., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693; Williams, K.H., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-0686. Suggested citation: Manning, A.H., Wanty, R.B., Ball, L.B., and Williams, K.H., 2020, Environmental tracer data from surface water and groundwater samples collected in Redwell Basin near Crested Butte, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W7JBFQ. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W7JBFQ This dataset contains environmental tracer data from surface water and groundwater samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Redwell Basin, an alpine watershed in the Elk Mountains near the town of Crested Butte, Colorado. The basin is underlain by interbedded shale and sandstone that have been variably hydrothermally altered and silicified by local magmatic intrusions. Samples were collected from 2017 to 2019 from bedrock monitoring wells completed at multiple depths, shallow hand-installed piezometers and mini boreholes, springs, mine adits, and streams. The tracer data include stable isotopes of water (oxygen-18 and deuterium), tritium, dissolved noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and helium-3/helium-4 ratio), sulfur hexafluoride, and other dissolved atmospheric gases. These data were collected to date groundwater and define groundwater flow paths and recharge sources in Redwell Basin. They were collected as part of a project with the broader objectives of better understanding (a) the depth of active groundwater circulation in mountain watersheds, and (b) metal transport by groundwater in mineralized headwater catchments and its sensitivity to climate variability. References: Bayer, R., Schlosser, P., Bonisch, G., Rupp, H., Zaucker, F., and Zimmek, G., 1989, Performance and blank components of a mass spectrometric system for routine measurement of helium isotopes and tritium by the 3He ingrowth method: in Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Springer, New York, v. 5 p. 241–279, accessed August 10, 2020, at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48373-8. Gesch, D.B., Oimoen, M.J., and Evans, G.A., 2014, Accuracy assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, and comparison with other large-area elevation datasets—SRTM and ASTER: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1008, 10 p., accessed August 10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141008. Hunt, A.G., 2015, Noble Gas Laboratory’s standard operating procedures for the measurement of dissolved gas in water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. A11, 22 p., accessed August 10, 2020, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm5A11. McCurdy, D.E., Garbarino, J.R., and Mullin, A.H., 2008, Interpreting and reporting radiological water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B6, 33p., accessed August 10, 2020, https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05b06. Thatcher, L.L, Janzer, V.J., and Edwards, K.W., 1977, Methods for determination of radioactive substances in water and fluvial sediments: Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations of the U. S. Geological Survey, book 5, chap. A5, p. 79-81, accessed August 10, 2020, https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri5a5/html/pdf.html. Wassenaar, L.I., Coplen, T.B., and Aggarwal, P.K., 2014, Approaches for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of d18O and d2H for waters analyzed using laser absorption spectrometers: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 1123-1131, accessed August 10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1021/es403354n. The data provided in this data release contain trailing zeros. If the CSV files are opened directly in Microsoft Excel, data values may be truncated. To ensure the appropriate number of decimal places are displayed when using Excel, please open a blank workbook and import the data from the CSV file as text (no data type detection). Please see the data dictionary, DataDictionary.csv, for the appropriate number of decimal places for numeric fields in each table. 20170921 20190914 ground condition Complete As needed -107.06100 -107.03350 38.91350 38.88820 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation USGS Thesaurus water quality surface water (non-marine) groundwater groundwater flow recharge water chemistry mineralization climate variability dissolved gases noble gas elements isotopic analysis None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Mineral Resources Program MRP Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center GGGSC Metal transport in mineralized mountain watersheds Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory alpine watershed USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5ee3ba5d82ce3bd58d7e1ce5 Common Geographic Areas Colorado Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Gunnison County Redwell Basin Elk Mountains Crested Butte Oh-be-joyful Creek Redwell Creek Slate River None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Andrew H Manning U.S. Geological Survey: Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center Research Geologist mailing and physical

PO Box 25046, Mail Stop 973, Bldg 20, Denver Federal Center, W 6th Ave and Kipling St

Denver CO 80225 United States 303-236-1812 amanning@usgs.gov Funding was provided by a research grant from the Department of Energy’s Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program. Data collection support was provided by Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado. The data have been peer reviewed and compared with related ancillary data Data were reviewed for consistency and analyses results were checked for validity. Data are complete – all sample years/sites are represented. Spatial locations were determined using a hand-held Garmin GPS unit with an estimated accuracy of about 10 m. The locations were verified using a geographic information system (GIS). Land surface elevations were derived from the USGS 1/3 arc-second National Elevation Dataset (NED) for the corresponding horizontal coordinate of each well. The accuracy of NED varies dependent on the accuracy of the source digital elevation models (DEM). Gesch and others (2014) estimated the root mean square error (RMSE) at 1.55 for the CONUS by comparing NED to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) geodetic control points. Depth positions relative to the land surface were derived from drill stem position during drilling and through the use of a weighted depth sounding line and are considered accurate within 0.1 m SAMPLE COLLECTION: Water samples were collected from monitoring wells RP8 and MW1A, B, C, and D using a submersible pneumatic-drive double-valve pump manufactured by Solinst Canada Ltd. (Model 408). Samples were collected from other sites using a peristaltic pump, excluding MW2.1A, B, and C, which required no pumping given their natural artesian pressure. Noble gas samples were collected in copper tube segments closed with pinch-off clamps, maintaining adequate back-pressure on the sample line to prevent degassing and bubble formation. Sulfur hexafluoride samples and dissolved atmospheric gas samples were collected using standard procedures detailed at the Reston Groundwater Dating Laboratory (https://water.usgs.gov/lab/). Care was taken with all dissolved gas samples to prevent any contact between sampled water and the atmosphere. 20190914 STABLE ISOTOPES OF WATER ANALYSIS: Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios of water were analyzed simultaneously by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (Wassenar and others, 2014) on a Picarro L2130-i analyzer. Sample values are reported using the standard permil (‰) notation and were normalized to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water/Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation (VSMOW/SLAP) scale using certified reference waters (USGS45 and USGS46). Measurement precision (1-sigma), based on replicate analyses of standards and samples, and measurement accuracy, based on analysis of certified reference water USGS47, were both ≤0.1‰ for delta18O and ≤1‰ for delta2H. 20200213 TRITIUM ANALYSIS: Tritium analyses by the USGS Noble Gas Laboratory in Denver, Colorado were performed using the 3He ingrowth method as detailed in Bayer and others (1989). Tritium analyses by the USGS Tritium Laboratory in Menlo Park, California were performed by electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintillation counting as detailed in Thatcher and others (1977) and McCurdy and others (2007). 20191206 NOBLE GAS ANALYSIS: Noble gases samples were analyzed for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe concentration and for 3H/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 86Kr/84Kr, and 130Xe/132Xe isotopic ratios by cryogenic gas separation and mass spectroscopy methods as detailed in Hunt (2015). 20200117 DISSOLVED GAS TRACER ANALYSIS: Analyses for SF6 and other dissolved atmospheric gases were performed by the USGS Groundwater Dating Laboratory in Reston, Virginia. Sulfur hexafluoride analyses were performed using a purge and trap gas chromatography procedure with an electron capture detector as detailed at: https://water.usgs.gov/lab/sf6/lab/analytical_procedures/. Analytical precision is about 20 percent (%) at the detection limit of 0.01 fentomoles per kilogram (fmol/kg) and about 3% or better at concentrations >0.2 fmol/kg. Other dissolved atmospheric gases including N2, Ar, O2, CO2, and CH4 were analyzed by gas chromatography using a Hewlett Packard model 7890B Gas Chromatograph as detailed at: https://water.usgs.gov/lab/dissolved-gas/lab/analytical_procedures/. Minimum Reporting Levels (MRL) are: N2 = 0.001 milligrams per liter (mg/L), Ar = 0.003 mg/L, O2 = 0.002 mg/L, CO2 = 0.04 mg/L, and CH4 = 0.001 mg/L. Analytical precision is equal to the MRL for all gases except CH4, for which analytical precision = 0.0005 mg/L. 20171211 Vector Entity point 54 0.0001 0.0001 Decimal degrees World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) WGS_84 6378137.0 298.257223563 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 1.55 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Land survey datum 0.1 meters Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates A data dictionary, DataDictionary.csv, was used to describe the contents of the data files, RedwellBasinSites.csv [.shp], NobleGases.csv, WaterIsotopes.csv, and DissolvedGasTracers.csv. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W7JBFQ GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ee3ba5d82ce3bd58d7e1ce5 Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. CSV, SHP https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W7JBFQ None 20201015 Andrew H Manning U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center Research Geologist mailing and physical

PO Box 25046, Mail Stop 973, Bldg 20, Denver Federal Center, W 6th Ave and Kipling St

Denver CO 80225 United States 303-236-1812 amanning@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998