U.S. Geological Survey 2018 tabular digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P9O7S72B Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O7S72B https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ee2791582ce3bd58d7e14a0 Emily A. Himmelstoss Amy S. Farris Kathryn M. Weber 2018 vector digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P9O7S72B Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Himmelstoss, E.A., Farris, A.S., and Weber, K.M., 2018, Massachusetts shoreline change project—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines for the 2018 update: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O7S72B. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O7S72B https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bcde5dce4b0f0758fc178d0 The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast. The shoreline position and change rate are used to inform management decisions regarding the erosion of coastal resources. In 2001, a 1994 shoreline was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates at 40-meter intervals along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast. In 2013 two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts were added using 2008-2009 color aerial orthoimagery and 2007 topographic LIDAR lidar datasets obtained from NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center. This 2018 update includes two new mean high water (MHW) shorelines for the Massachusetts coast extracted from lidar data collected between 2010-2014. The first new shoreline for the state includes data from 2010 along the North Shore and South Coast from lidar data collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX). Shorelines along the South Shore and Outer Cape are from 2011 lidar data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Geospatial Program Office. Shorelines along Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard are from a 2012 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Post Sandy Topographic lidar survey. The second new shoreline for the North Shore, Boston, South Shore, Cape Cod Bay, Outer Cape, South Cape, Nantucket, Martha’s Vineyard, and South Coast west of Buzzards Bay is from 2013-2014 lidar data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Shorelines were extracted from these lidar surveys using several different methods dependent on the location of the shoreline and whether or not wave data were available. This table includes measurement and positional errors associated with the north shore of Nantucket, Massachusetts. This shoreline does not have buoy data from which to gather wave data, so the run-up equations the profile method implements to estimate a proxy-datum bias value cannot be used. While this table contains columns used to store a proxy-datum bias value (BIAS) and associated uncertainty (UNCYB) these fields do not contain any data and are simply place holders for use in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System software. The only field being used is the positional uncertainty field (UNCY). The dataset contains a common attribute with the M-values stored for the lidar data within the Nantucket_pShorelineNB_2013.shp. These data are used in conjunction with the shoreline file to calculate rates of shoreline change. Cross-referenced citations are applicable to the dataset as a whole. Additional citations are located within individual process steps that pertain specifically to the method described in that step. 20131129 20131204 ground condition of the shorelines on which these values are based Complete None planned -70.232925 -70.023758 41.39199674 41.27563968 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5ee2791582ce3bd58d7e14a0 ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans environment geoscientificInformation None USGS U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management MA CZM National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project DSAS Digital Shoreline Analysis System Shoreline Shoreline Change Mean High Water MHW lidar uncertainty Database IV format USGS Thesaurus coastal processes statistical analysis None United States Atlantic Coast New England Massachusetts None. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. U.S. Geological Survey Emily A. Himmelstoss mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2262 508-547-2310 ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.0.4.4000 E.R. Thieler T.L. Smith 2013 vector digital data Open-File Report 2012-1189 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1189/ Theresa L. Smith Emily A. Himmelstoss E. Robert Thieler 2013 vector digital data Open-File Report 2012-1183 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/ E. Robert Thieler James F. O'Connell Courtney A. Schupp 2001 vector digital data Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://web.whoi.edu/seagrant/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/WHOI-T-01-001-Thieler-E.R.-The-Mass.-Shorel.pdf https://www.mass.gov/service-details/massachusetts-shoreline-change-project Emily A. Himmelstoss Meredith G. Kratzmann Cheryl J. Hapke E. Robert Thieler Jeffrey List 20110119 vector digital data Open-File Report 2010-1119 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1119/ Emily A. Himmelstoss Amy S. Farris Rachel E. Henderson Meredith G. Kratzmann Ayhan Ergul Ouya Zhang Jessica L. Zichichi 2018 software release version 5.0 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/P91MNNSN https://code.usgs.gov/usgs/dsas/ The attributes in this table record positional and measurement uncertainties and datum offsets calculated during the process of extracting an operational mean high water shoreline from the lidar data as described in the process steps. The field names are based on the requirements for use within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (USGS software release). Each row contains data associated with an individual vertex point along the lidar shoreline in Nantucket_pShorelineNB_2013.shp. The table only contains data where a mean high water shoreline point could be extrapolated from the lidar. Each MHW shoreline point extracted using the profile method has an uncertainty associated with it. This uncertainty includes three components: 1) the 95% confidence interval on the linear regression estimate of the shoreline position; 2) the uncertainty associated with the elevation of the raw lidar data which is stated as 0.1 m RMS in the lidar metadata; 3) the uncertainty due to extrapolation if the shoreline point was determined by extrapolation. The lidar shoreline has an average positional uncertainty of plus or minus 1.76 meters. Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Woolpert 20150615 tabular digital data Charleston, SC NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=4914 https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid12b/data/4914 https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid12b/data/4914/supplemental/ne2013_2014_usgs_postsandy_m4914.kmz online 20131116 20141227 ground condition 2013-2014 lidar The bare earth point cloud data in LAS format were used to extract shorelines using methods described in the process steps. Whenever possible, a profile method was used to extract the operational Mean High Water (MHW) shoreline from the lidar point cloud data, using a Matlab-based approach (Matlab version 2015b) similar to the one developed by Stockdon and others (2002). Elevation values for the height of MHW were determined from vdatum (version 3.8) provided by NOAA (https://vdatum.noaa.gov/). We continued the practice set out by Weber and others, (2005) of using one MHW value for a continuous section of coast (as opposed to using a continuously varying value). We chose this value such that it is always within 15 cm of the value returned by vdatum at any point along the coast. For example, we used MHW = 0.6 m for all of Buzzards Bay even though vdatum shows it varying slightly over the basin. For the northest facing part of the coast we used an average MHW of 0.45 m. This profile method uses a coast-following reference line with 20 m spaced profiles. All lidar data points that are within 1 m of each profile are associated with that profile. All work is done on the 2 m wide profiles, working on a single profile at a time. For each profile, a linear regression was fit through data points on the foreshore and the regression was evaluated at the MHW elevation to yield the cross-shore position of the MHW shoreline. If there was a data gap at MHW or if the MHW elevation was obscured by water points, the linear regression was simply extrapolated to the MHW elevation. Foreshore beach slope is defined as the slope of the regression line. Each MHW shoreline point that was extracted using this profile method has an uncertainty associated with it. This uncertainty includes three components: 1) the 95% confidence interval on the linear regression estimate of the shoreline position; 2) the uncertainty associated with the elevation of the raw lidar data and; 3)the uncertainty due to extrapolation. These three components of uncertainty were added in quadrature to yield a total error for each shoreline point. For details on each component, see pp.12-13 under the section titled Lidar-Derived MHW Shoreline Position Uncertainty in Hapke and others (2011). There is a known horizontal offset between the datum-based lidar MHW shoreline and the proxy-based historical shorelines on open-ocean sandy beaches that nearly always acts in one direction (Ruggiero and List, 2009). In order to estimate the bias between these two types of shorelines, wave data from a nearby buoy is needed to calculate wave run-up. Many of the sheltered areas within the Massachusetts study area do not have nearby buoy data and a proxy-datum bias value cannot be calculated in these areas. Therefore when this new datum-based MHW shoreline is compared to historic proxy-based HWL shorelines in these sheltered areas, there may be some artificial landward offset of the historic data that has not been quantified and could potentially influence the rates. For example, the north facing shoreline of Martha's Vineyard tends to have lower wave energy, which would result in less run-up and yield a smaller offset between a proxy shoreline and a datum shoreline than would occur along open-ocean coasts. Hapke, C.J., Himmelstoss, E.A., Kratzmann, M.G., List, J.H., and Thieler, E.R., 2011, National assessment of shoreline change—Historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1118, 57 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/. Ruggiero, P., and List, J.H., 2009, Improving accuracy and statistical reliability of shoreline position and change rate estimates: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 1069-1081. [Also available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/27752753] Stockdon, H.F., Sallenger, A.H., List, J.H., and Holman, R.A., 2002, Estimation of shoreline position and change using airborne topographic lidar data: Journal of Coastal Research, v.18, no. 3, p. 502-513. [Also available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299097] 2016 Amy S. Farris U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2344 508-457-2310 afarris@usgs.gov The series of operational MHW points extracted from the cross-shore lidar profiles were converted to a .dbf file storing the lidar positional uncertainty, for each point of the original lidar data. During the rate calculation process DSAS uses linear referencing to retrieve the uncertainty value stored in the associated table. 2016 Emily A. Himmelstoss U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2262 508-457-2310 ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov Moved the uncertainty table and the corresponding metadata to a landing page of its own to facilitate the assigning of a persistent identifier to the metadata that is based on the landing page UUID. This reorganization required updating various links in the metadata. 20200611 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process performed on 20200810. The metadata title was modified to move the location name to the beginning of the title to account for the alphabetical listing of the individual records when ScienceBase migrates the data release to a new platform and "flattens" the data release structure (20260302). 20260302 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov This dataset contains 1193 records that are related to the associated shoreline datasets by M-values in each polyline-M shapefile that is represented by the ID attribute in this dataset. 0.0197425918 0.0261676653 Decimal seconds WGS_1984 WGS_84 6378137.0 298.257223563 Nantucket_pShorelineNB_2013_uncertainty uncertainty table U.S. Geological Survey OID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. ID This field is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains a cross-shore lidar profile ID stored as the M-value (measure value) at each vertex in the calibrated shoreline route. This serves as the link between the lidar shoreline and the uncertainty table and must be a unique number at each point. U.S. Geological Survey 7 1510 UNCY This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains the plus/minus horizontal uncertainty (meters) in the lidar shoreline position at each cross-shore beach profile. U.S. Geological Survey 0.67 17.94 meters BIAS This field is a place holder and is not used in the north shore of Nantucket analysis. It is a required field for the file when using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System software. This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains a proxy-datum bias value describing the unidirectional horizontal offset (in meters) between the MHW elevation of the lidar data and proxy-based historic HWL shoreline positions. U.S. Geological Survey 0 0 meters UNCYB This field is a place holder and is not used in the north shore of Nantucket analysis. It is a required field for the file when using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System software. This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains the uncertainty in the calculated proxy-datum bias value (BIAS) in meters. U.S. Geological Survey 0 0 meters The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

MS 302

Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The dataset contains the uncertainty data in DBF format (Nantucket_pShorelineNB_2013_uncertainty.dbf) and the CSDGM metadata in XML and TEXT format. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. DBF dBase IV The dataset contains the uncertainty table, and CSDGM metadata. 1 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ee2791582ce3bd58d7e14a0 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ee2791582ce3bd58d7e14a0 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O7S72B The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all data available from the page as a zip file. And the final link is to the publication landing page. None These data are available in dBase file format. The user must have software capable of reading or importing the dBase formatted data file. 20260302 Emily A. Himmelstoss U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2262 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time