Dean Anderson Thomas Thienelt 20200806 Excel spreadsheet Lakewood,CO U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B70DC6 This dataset includes the following measurements made over a managed lawn at Fort Logan Cemetery in Denver Colorado in 2011 and 2012. (No measurements were made in winter months: December, January, February). 1) half hourly eddy covariance measurements of evapotranspiration and fluxes of carbon dioxide and sensible heat 2) half hour averages of solar and net radiation, air temperature and humidity, soil temperature, moisture, and heat flux, and half hour sums of precipitation. 3) approximately weekly measurements of vegetation: leaf area index, height of vegetation, dry and wet weights These data may be used to evaluate or investigate the impact of bio-environmental and management factors on evapotranspiration, and, CO2 and energy balance fluxes for an actively managed urban lawn (Ft. Logan National Cemetery) in Denver. Ancillary data included can support those efforts. 20110316 20121212 ground condition Complete None planned -105.0401 -105.0394 39.6471 39.6468 USGS Thesaurus greenhouse gases evaporation transpiration land use and land cover USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5e9896ee82ce172707f6a91c Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Fort Logan National Cemetery none none Dean Anderson USGS Hydrologist mailing and physical

MS 413, Bldg 53, Federal Center

Lakewood CO 80439 USA 303-236-5691 deander@usgs.gov Data collection & analysis assisted by Dr. Thomas Thienelt, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany, and, USGS Volunteers for Science No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. An incorrect calibration multiplier was applied during recording of solar radiation (Rs) data from March 16 – June 09, 2011. The correct value was applied in the gapfilled column for solar radiation. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Values indicated as "NA" indicate missing or not available data. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Measurements and Site Notes: Measurements were conducted from a 2m tall tripod tower. The following eddy covariance instruments were used with notes of model and manufacturer, position, measured variables, and rate of measurements: CSAT3 sonic anemometer (Campbell Scientific, Logan UT) 1.8m above ground, oriented toward 190 degrees true, measuring U, V, W wind components and sonic temperature; open-path infrared gas analyzer positioned 15 cm northeast of the CSAT3 with a 20 degree off vertical northward pitch, measuring CO2 and H2O molar densities (Li-7500, LiCor Corp., Lincoln, NE). All data recorded at 10Hz by a CR1000 datalogger (Campbell Scientific). Slow response meteorological measurements include air temperature & absolute humidity measured using a Vaisala HMP 45 (Campbell Scientific), incoming solar radiation (Li-200 pyranometer, LiCor Corp), net radiation (Q*7.1 Campbell Scientific), precipitation (MetOne tipping bucket), soil temperature and soil heat flux plate (5cm depth) and volumetric soil moisture (CS616, Campbell Scientific). All measurements were conducted within the boundaries of the 86-hectare Fort Logan (FL) National Cemetery in Denver, Colorado (39.647° N, 105.039° W, 1640 m a.s.l.). Fetch in the dominant wind direction (180-230°) was between 150-240 m. Species composition of vegetation was dominated by Kentucky bluegrass (P. pratensis), tall fescue (F. arundinacea), and perennial ryegrass (L. perenne). Active lawn management for the site began in 2005. Irrigation was active from May 9 to October 6, 2011 and April 23 to October 18, 2012. Fertilizer application was recorded twice in 2011 (June 15, October 6) and once in 2012 (July 17) at 49 kg N/ha per application. During the growing season (April-October), grass was mown once a week and clippings were left on site. Since permanent (year-round) measurements were not permitted at Fort Logan, data from the urban lawn site is limited to March 16-November 18, 2011 and March 12-December 12, 2012. 2012 Fluxes of latent and sensible heat and carbon dioxide were calculated using EddyPro software (version 4.2; LiCor, Inc., USA). Raw data (vertical wind component, CO2, water vapor, sonic temperature) were statistically screened following Vickers and Mahrt (1997). Quality control of the output data included plausibility tests of the measured parameters and checks for instrument diagnostics given by the IRGA and anemometer. If the count of diagnostic flags exceeded 10 % (i.e. 1,800 out of 18,000) for any half-hour record, the record was deleted. Processed data was also filtered for periods of insufficient turbulence, i.e. low friction velocity (u*). Records when u* was less than 0.05 m/s were removed. Implementation of this gap-fill algorithm was aided by the MPI-BGC online tool (MPI, 2013). References: MPI (2013): Eddy covariance gap-filling & flux-partitioning tool. Available online at http://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/~MDIwork/eddyproc/. Reichstein, M.; Falge, E.; Baldocchi, D.; Papale, D.; Aubinet, M.; Berbigier, P. et al. (2005): On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm. In Global Change Biol 11 (9), pp. 1424–1439. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x. Vickers, D.; Mahrt, L. (1997): Quality Control and Flux Sampling Problems for Tower and Aircraft Data. In J. Atmos Oceanic Technol. 14 (3), pp. 512–526. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0426(1997) 014%3C0512%3AQCAFSP%3E2.0.CO%3B2. 2019 Ancillary data were averaged or summed (precipitation) over 30 minute periods and recorded by a CR1000 (Campbell Scientific). Data gaps of 1 hour or less were filled by interpolation. For longer periods of missing air temperature, water vapor pressure, air pressure, solar radiation and precipitation, measurements made at the USGS South Denver Tower USGS site (2.7 km E-NE of Fort Logan at 39.659° N, 105.013° W, 1620 m a.s.l.) were used. The following correlations were used to fill in missing data of other variables: Rn = 0.618*Rs - 33.88 (R² = 0.9742, N = 11,289); Soil Temp = 0.7334* Air Temp + 3.59 (R² = 0.7506, N = 11,853); Soil Heat Flux = -0.1468* Rn + 13.843 (R² = 0.8184). Soil moisture was not gapfilled. An incorrect calibration multiplier was applied during recording of solar radiation (Rs) data from March 16 – June 09, 2011. The correct value was applied in the gapfilled column for solar radiation. 2019 Biometric measurements were made approximately weekly by destructive sampling. Leaf area index (LAI) at both sites was measured at 3 locations within the flux footprint of the flux tower and analyzed using a leaf area meter (LI-3100, Licor Inc., USA). Samples were re-run in the leaf area meter 3 times and averaged. LAI values were averaged for each sampling site and date. Sampling locations were randomly chosen for each sampling day. Dry weights measured from the same samples used for wet weights. Samples were oven dried for more than 12 hours at 50C. Soil temperature and moisture were measured within 20cm of the vegetative sampling at a 5cm depth for temperature and 0-15cm depth for soil moisture. Volumetric soil moisture was measured with a Trim-EZ, Mesa Systems, Stonnington, CT & soil temperature measured with 20cm thermistor probe, Omega Engineering, Stamford, CT. 2012 GNIS Point FL 2011 Measured and Gapfilled Flux Data Eddy Covariance Measurements of CO2, Latent Heat and Sensible Heat fluxes. producer defined Date Date Identifier for the ending time of a 30 minute data segment. producer defined 2011-03-16 2011-11-18 yyyy-mm-dd (year (y), month(m), day(d)) time mountain standard time, hour, minute (24 hour format) producer defined 00:00 23:30 HH:MM (Hour (HH), Minute (MM)) DOY Decimal day of year with its decimal fraction (time of day). Example: noon on January 1st is 1.500. producer defined 75.666 322.520 unitless CO2 Flux Eddy covariance measurement of carbon dioxide flux producer defined -20.15 12.95 micromoles per square meter per second Gapfilled CO2 Flux Eddy covariance measurement of carbon dioxide flux. Data gaps filled as described in processing notes. producer defined -20.15 12.95 micromoles per square meter per second Latent Heat Flux Eddy covariance measurement of latent heat flux producer defined -31.9 540.0 Watts per square meter Gapfilled Latent Heat Flux Eddy covariance measurement of latent heat flux. Data gaps filled as described in processing notes. producer defined -31.9 540.0 Watts per square meter Sensible Heat Flux Eddy covariance measurement of sensible heat flux producer defined -95.1 291.4 Watts per square meter Gapfilled Sensible Heat Flux Eddy covariance measurement of sensible heat flux. Data gaps filled as described in processing notes. producer defined -95.1 291.4 Watts per square meter FL 2012 Measured and Gapfilled Flux Data Eddy Covariance Measurements of CO2, Latent Heat and Sensible Heat fluxes producer defined Date Date Identifier for the ending time of a 30 minute data segment. producer defined 2012-03-12 2012-12-12 yyyy-mm-dd (y=year, m=month,d=day) time mountain standard time, hour, minute (24 hour format) producer defined 00:00 23:30 HH:MM (Hour (H), Minute(M)) DOY Decimal day of year with its decimal fraction (time of day). Example: noon on January 1st is 1.500. producer defined 72.583 347.541 unitless CO2 Flux Eddy covariance measurement of carbon dioxide flux. producer defined -20.7 11.8 micromoles per square meter per second Gapfilled CO2 Flux Eddy covariance measurement of carbon dioxide flux. Data gaps filled as described in processing notes. producer defined -20.7 11.81 micromoles per square meter per second LE Flux Eddy covariance measurement of latent heat flux. producer defined -37.6 576.5 Watts per square meter Gapfilled LE Flux Eddy covariance measurement of latent heat flux. Data gaps filled as described in processing notes. producer defined -37.6 576.5 Watts per square meter H Flux Eddy covariance measurement of sensible heat flux. producer defined -104.3 250.9 Watts per square meter Gapfilled H Flux Eddy covariance measurement of sensible heat flux. Data gaps filled as described in processing notes. producer defined -104.3 250.9 Watts per square meter FL 2011 Measured and Gapfilled Ancillary Data Measurements of meteorological and soil conditions producer defined Date Date Identifier for the ending time of a 30 minute data segment. producer defined 2011-03-16 2011-11-18 yyyy-mm-dd (year (y), month(m), day(d)) time mountain standard time, hour, minute (24 hour format) producer defined 00:00 23:30 HH:MM (Hour (HH), Minute (MM)) Air Temperature Air temperature measured at 1.8 m producer defined -9.6 35.2 degrees Celsius Gapfilled Air Temperature Air temperature measured at 1.8 m. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined -9.6 35.2 degrees Celsius Water Vapor Density Water vapor density measured at 1.8m producer defined 1.1 15.5 grams per cubic meter Gapfilled Water Vapor Density Water vapor density measured at 1.8 m. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined 1.1 15.1 grams per cubic meter Air Pressure Ambient air pressure producer defined 81.0 84.9 kilopascals Gapfilled Air Pressure Ambient air pressure. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined 81.0 84.9 kilopascals Rs Incoming solar radiation producer defined -2.0 1118.6 Watts per square meter Gapfilled Rs Incoming solar radiation. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined -2.0 1118.6 Watts per square meter Rn Net radiation with wind speed correction measured at 1.8m producer defined -130.0 759.1 Watts per square meter Rn Gapfilled Net radiation with wind speed correction measured at 1.8m. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined -66.7 759.1 Watts per square meter Soil Temperature Soil temperature, 5cm depth producer defined -1.3 33.3 degrees Celsius Gapfilled Soil temperature Soil temperature, 5cm depth. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined -1.3 33.3 degrees Celsius Soil Moisture volumetric soil moisture producer defined 29 39 percent Precipitation atmospheric precipitation- half hour sum producer defined 0 12.5 millimeters Soil Heat Flux #1 vertical soil heat flux from plate #1 at 5 cm depth producer defined -193 70 Watts per square meter Soil Heat Flux #2 vertical soil heat flux from plate #2 at 5 cm depth producer defined -144 93 Watts per square meter Gapfilled Soil Heat Flux vertical soil heat flux at 5 cm depth (average of plates #1 and #2), missing data gapfilled following procedure in Processing Steps producer defined -160 72 Watts per square meter Wind Speed average horizontal wind speed producer defined 0 9.6 meters per second Wind Direction degrees from north producer defined 0 360 degrees U star friction velocity (eddy covariance) producer defined 0 1.3 meters per second FL 2012 Measured and Gapflled Ancillary Data 2012 Measurements of meteorological and soil conditions producer defined Date Date Identifier for the ending time of a 30 minute data segment. producer defined 2012-03-12 2012-12-12 yyyy-mm-dd (year (y), month(m), day(d)) time mountain standard time, hour, minute (24 hour format) producer defined 00:00 23:30 HH:MM (Hour (HH), Minute (MM)) Air Temperature Air temperature measured at 1.8 m producer defined -14.0 37.2 degrees Celsius Gapfilled Air Temperature Air temperature measured at 1.8 m. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined -14 37.2 degrees Celsius Water Vapor Density Water vapor density measured at 1.8m producer defined 0.8 14.5 grams per cubic meter Gapfilled Water Vapor Density Water vapor density measured at 1.8 m. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined 0.8 14.5 grams per cubic meter Air Pressure Ambient air pressure producer defined 81.3 84.9 Kilopascals Gapfilled Air Pressure Ambient air pressure. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined 81.3 84.9 Kilopascals Rs Incoming solar radiation producer defined -0.6 1132.3 Watts per square meter Gapfilled Rs Gapfilled incoming solar radiation. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined -0.6 1132.3 Watts per square meter Rn Net radiation with wind speed correction measured at 1.8m. producer defined -99.2 787.7 Watts per square meter Rn Gapfilled Net radiation with wind speed correction measured at 1.8m. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined -99.2 685.8 Watts per square meter Soil Temperature Soil temperature, 5cm depth producer defined 0.7 28.4 degrees Celsius Gapfilled Soil temperature Soil temperature, 5cm depth. Data gaps were filled as described in Processing steps. producer defined 0.7 28.4 degrees Celsius Soil Moisture volumetric soil moisture producer defined 28.4 39.3 percent Precipitation atmospheric precipitation- half hour sum producer defined 0 22.0 millimeters Soil Heat Flux #1 vertical soil heat flux at 5 cm depth, plate #1 producer defined -200 98.6 Watts per square meter Soil Heat Flux #2 vertical soil heat flux at 5 cm depth, plate #2 producer defined -184.8 80.9 Watts per square meter Gapfilled Soil Heat Flux average soil heat flux from plates #1 & #2, missing data gapfilled following procedure in Processing Steps producer defined -32.8 88.7 Watts per square meter Wind Speed half hour average horizontal wind speed producer defined 0 23.0 meters per second Wind Direction Degrees from North producer defined 0 360 Degrees from North U star friction velocity (eddy covariance) producer defined 0 21.3 meters per second FL 2011 Biometric Data measurements of vegetation and soil conditions producer defined Date Date at time of sampling producer defined 2011-04-21 2011-11-16 yyyy-mm-dd (year (y), month(m), day(d)) time mountain standard time, hour, minute (24 hour format) producer defined 10:10 14:10 HH:MM (Hour (HH), Minute (MM)) Site ID location identifier for sampling producer defined Producer defined identifier for use in organizing sequence and location of measurement Soil Moisture volumetric soil moisture at time of sampling producer defined 13 51 percent Soil Temperature Soil temperature at time of sampling, 5cm depth producer defined 6 31 degrees Celsius Leaf Area Index green leaf area over ground area it was sampled producer defined 0.08 3.05 square meter per square meter (unitless) Leaf Height height or length of grass leaves producer defined 1 16 centimeters Leaf Weight Wet weight of green vegetation as sampled producer defined 0.07 7.39 grams Leaf Weight Dry weight of sampled green vegetation after oven drying producer defined 0.04 2.38 grams FL 2012 Biometric Data measurements of vegetation and soil conditions producer defined Date Date at time of sampling producer defined 2012-03-21 2012-11-21 yyyy-mm-dd (year (y), month(m), day(d)) time mountain standard time, hour, minute (24 hour format) producer defined 10:30 14:50 HH:MM (Hour (HH), Minute (MM)) Site ID identifier for sampling site producer defined identifier for location and timing sequence of sampling Soil Moisture volumetric soil moisture measurement at the location of sampling producer defined 5 41 percent Soil Temperature Soil temperature at time of sampling, 5cm depth producer defined 7.9 30.1 degrees Celsius Leaf Area Index green leaf area over ground area it was sampled producer defined 0.02 3.45 square meter per square meter (unitless) Leaf Height height or length of grass producer defined 6 10 centimeters Leaf Weight Wet weight of green vegetation as sampled producer defined 0.08 8.07 grams Leaf Weight Dry weight of sampled green vegetation after oven drying producer defined 0.06 2.82 grams U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov "Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty." 20200818 Dean Anderson USGS Hydrologist mailing and physical

MS 413, Bldg 53, Federal Center

Lakewood CO 80439 USA 303-236-5691 deander@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998