Hoogenboom, B.E.
Preston, T.M.
Smith, B.D.
Moulton, C.W.
Ball, L.B.
20201005
Ground conductivity measurements at selected National Wildlife Refuges: Norman Lake, North Dakota, 2018
tabular digital data, shapefile
Denver, CO
U.S. Geological Survey
Additional information about Originator: Bennett E. Hoogenboom https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-3533; Todd M. Preston https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-9233; Bruce D. Smith https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997; Lyndsay B. Ball https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693
Suggested citation: Hoogenboom, B.E., Preston, T.M., Smith, B.D., Moulton, C.W., and Ball, L.B., 2020, Ground conductivity measurements at selected National Wildlife Refuges, Montana and North Dakota, 2017-2018: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NY3UJU.
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NY3UJU
Kevin C. Vining
Joanna N. Thamke
Max Post van der Burg
2022
Potential effects of energy development on environmental resources of the Williston Basin in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota — Physiography, climate, land use, and demographics
publication
n/a
US Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175070B
Shallow subsurface electrical conductivity was mapped at Norman Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwest North Dakota using the DUALEM421 electromagnetic sensor (Dualem, Inc., ON, Canada) in the winter of 2018. Data were acquired by towing the DUALEM421 sensor on a sled behind an all-terrain vehicle or snow machine, with the sensor at a nominal height of 0.3 meters (m) above ground surface. Approximately 41 line-kilometers (km) of data were acquired over an area of approximately 2 square-kilometers. At this survey location, the 4m transmitter-receiver horizontal co-panar and perpendicular coil orientations did not function due to equipment malfunction. Data were manually edited to remove sensor dropouts, lag corrected for apparent offsets between recorded GPS location and data locations for each coil pair, and averaged to a sounding distance of 1m along the survey path; data were not decoupled from infrastructure noise sources (powerlines, pipelines, fences, etc.) or corrected for sensor pitch or roll. This data release contains raw and processed electromagnetic data. Digital data are described by the data dictionaries. Additional details regarding the processing steps are described in the metadata.
Historical oil and gas development on or adjacent to some U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service managed lands has resulted in saline contamination of surface and groundwater resources. At some locations, the extent and magnitude of contamination has been previously documented whereas at other areas, the extent of potential contamination is unknown. These data were collected to establish the electrical conductivity patterns that may be associated with changes in shallow salinity at selected U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service managed lands.
U.S. Geological Survey, The National Map, 2020, 3DEP products and services: The National Map, 3D Elevation Program Web page, accessed March 2020 at https://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/3dep_prodserv.html
20180118
20180119
ground condition
None planned
-102.9298
-102.9181
48.7204
48.7059
ISO 19115 Topic Category
geoscientificInformation
environment
USGS Thesaurus
electromagnetic surveying
geophysics
hydrogeology
resistivity
salinity
water resources
groundwater
None
National Wildlife Refuge
electromagnetics
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
GGGSC
Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
NOROCK
Science Team about Energy and Plains and Potholes Environments
STEPPE
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:5e751974e4b01d50926e656c
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Norman Lake
North Dakota
Williston Basin
None
Prairie Pothole Region
None. Please see ‘Distribution Info’ for details.
There is no guarantee concerning the accuracy of the data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. Data have been checked to ensure the accuracy. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. The U.S. Geological Survey strongly recommends that careful attention be paid to the metadata file associated with these data. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Please refer to https://www.usgs.gov/privacy-policies for the USGS disclaimer.
Bennett E Hoogenboom
U.S. Geological Survey
Geophysicist
mailing and physical
Denver Federal Center, Bldg 20, Box 25046, MS973
Denver
CO
80225
US
303-236-1557
bhoogenboom@usgs.gov
Aarhus Workbench software (v. 6.2.0.0, Aarhus Geosoftware, Aarhus, Denmark) was used to process these data.
Data quality control of raw electromagnetic data was performed by the survey team. Data were visually inspected in grid format overlain on satellite imagery to match expected land use change and known infrastructure anomalies (powerlines, pipelines, fences, etc).Sections of the survey path were passed in opposite directions to confirm consistency in known infrastructure anomalies.
Data were loaded into the Aarhus Workbench software (v. 6.2.0.0, Aarhus Geosoftware, Aarhus, Denmark) and visually inspected in tabular and grid format for reasonableness and spatial consistency. Sensor dropouts were manually removed from the data. Additional information regarding sensor dropouts can be found in the processing description.
Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
Data were visually inspected in grid format overlain on satellite imagery to match expected land use change and known infrastructure anomalies (powerlines, pipelines, fences, etc).Sections of the survey path were passed in opposite directions to confirm consistent location of infrastructure anomalies. The SX Blue II + GPS receiver is a sub-meter, 95% accurate product under ideal conditions (SXblue GPS Inc., Anjou, QC, Canada). Additional information on the horizontal accuracy of the SX Blue II + GPS receiver can be found in the user guide (https://sxbluegps.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/SXblue-Series-User-Manual-General.pdf).
Elevation data recorded by the GPS was checked for reasonability against the 1/3 arc-second USGS Digital elevation model imported from the USGS National Map 3D Elevation Program dataset (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020).
Electromagnetic data were collected using the DUALEM421 sensor, a multi-coil frequency-domain electromagnetic induction sensor with a single transmitter (Tx) coil operating at 9kHz and six receiver coils with Tx-Rx separations of 1,2, and 4m in horizontal co-planar (HCP) and perpendicular (PRP) coil orientations. The Rx-4m HCP and RCP channels did not function at this survey location due to equipment malfunction. The DUALEM421 was towed on a sled behind an all-terrain vehicle or snowmachine during winter months when frozen ground, frozen lakes/wetlands, and substantial snow cover permitted data collection over terrain that would be inaccessible or vulnerable to ecological damage during other seasons. The data acquisition parameters and details can be found in Dualem_data_acquisition_description.pdf (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5e739c2de4b01d50926c0a08). Because the SX Blue II GPS records GPS once per second while the DUALEM421 sensor records data 4 times per second, the GPS locations for each DUALEM421 measurement were interpolated between recorded GPS readings.
20180119
Raw data were formatted in Oasis montaj (v. 9.7, Geosoft, Inc., Toronto, Canada) and exported to CSV format to meet open data requirements.
202003
Raw data were imported into Aarhus Workbench software (v 6.2.0.0, Aarhus Geosoftware, Aarhus, Denmark). Raw soundings taken every 250 mS were laterally averaged to a 1 m sounding spacing. Lag corrections between the recorded GPS location and the central location of each Tx-Rx pair were determined through examination of apparent offsets between electromagnetic anomalies related to known infrastructure collected on different directional passes (e.g. the signal resulting from a known pipeline crossing encountered on adjacent survey lines in westbound and eastbound directions). Electromagnetic data were visually examined for sensor dropouts and manually removed. Any negative apparent resistivity values were considered sensor dropouts and removed.
202003
Processed data were formatted in Oasis montaj (v. 9.7, Geosoft, Inc., Toronto, Canada) and exported to CSV format to meet open data requirements.
202003
Vector
Entity point
38764
Universal Transverse Mercator
13
0.9996
-105.0
0.0
500000.0
0.0
coordinate pair
0.6096
0.6096
meters
World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84)
WGS_84
6378137.0
298.257223563
A comma separated values (CSV) format dataset containing minimally processed ('raw') data collected from the DUALEM421 electromagnetic sensor, described by the data dictionary, Prairie_Potholes_Raw_Data_Dictionary.csv (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5e739c2de4b01d50926c0a08).
Prairie_Potholes_NormanLake_RawData.csv (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5e751974e4b01d50926e656c)
A CSV format dataset containing processed data that was developed from outputs from the Aarhus Workbench software (v 6.2.0.0, Aarhus Geosoftware, Aarhus, Denmark), described by the data dictionary, Prairie_Potholes_Processed_Data_Dictionary.csv (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5e739c2de4b01d50926c0a08).
Prairie_Potholes_NormanLake_ProcessedData.csv (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5e751974e4b01d50926e656c)
ESRI shape file containing the raw sounding locations in this dataset.
Prairie_Potholes_NormanLake_2018.shp (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5e751974e4b01d50926e656c)
ScienceBase
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical
Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver
CO
80225
United States
1-888-275-8747
sciencebase@usgs.gov
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
20220913
Bennett E Hoogenboom
U.S. Geological Survey
Geophysicist
mailing and physical
Denver Federal Center, Bldg 20, Box 25046, MS973
Denver
CO
80225
US
303-236-1557
bhoogenboom@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998