Kunz, James L
Wang, Ning
20200312
Physical, Chemical, and Bioassay Data from the Study on Effects of Elevated Major Ions in Surface Water Contaminated by a Produced Water from Oil Production
tabular digital data
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BNJ0BT
Ning Wang
James L. Kunz
Danielle Cleveland
Jeffery A. Steevens
Isabelle M. Cozzarelli
20190308
Biological Effects of Elevated Major Ions in Surface Water Contaminated by a Produced Water from Oil Production
publication
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
vol. 76, issue 4
n/a
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
ppg. 670-677
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-019-00610-3
This dataset characterizes sensitivity of fathead minnow and a unionid mussel to elevated major ions in produced water from oil and gas extraction process.
The present method and results could be used for the development of standard methods for conducting short-term effluent and receiving water toxicity tests with juvenile mussels. Furthermore, information on the aquatic toxicity of major ions is needed to support risk assessment and management of complex produced water that may be released to surface waters. Resource managers and UOG production operators have struggled to determine the safe levels of chemical constituents in produced water to make it suitable for beneficial reuse (e.g., irrigation, livestock watering, and stream and wetland augmentation. Major ions associated with reuse have the potential to reach surface waters and cause adverse effects on aquatic biota. Therefore, engineering solutions must be informed by design criteria based on constituent concentrations that do not cause adverse effects, or that minimize biological effects, to aquatic invertebrates and fish. Toxicity data, including the effects of major ions (the present results) and other produced water constituents, could be used by land managers within a risk-based framework to inform decisions on (1) the remediation of produced water spills, (2) mitigation of biological effects following release, and (3) treatment of produced water for beneficial use
20160929
20161006
ground condition
None planned
-92.284311691999
-92.274450058997
38.912612246
38.910783918
Columbia Environmental Research Center
USGS Thesaurus
Environmental toxicology
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
None
Produced water
Fathead minnow
Mussel
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:5e00f69ee4b0b207aa033d64
None
Columbia Environmental Research Center
None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.
None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.
James L Kunz
U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Fish Biologist
mailing and physical
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia
MO
65201
US
573-875-5399
jkunz@usgs.gov
USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Crustaceans
Fishes
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
2019
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
ONLINE_REFERENCE
Washington, D.C.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
http://itis.gov
Oesch, RD
1995
Missouri Naiades: A guide to the Mussels of Missouri
tabular digital data
Jefferson City
Missouri Department of Conservation
Charles R Warbritton
U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Fish Biologist
mailing and physical
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia
MO
65201
US
573-875-5399
rwarbritton@usgs.gov
expert advice
Test organisms were provided by experts of culture facilities.
All test organisms were identified to species
Kingdom
Animalia
Subkingdom
Bilateria
Infrakingdom
Protostomia
Superphylum
Lophozoa
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Bivalvia
Subclass
Palaeoheterodonta
Order
Unionoida
Superfamily
Unionoidea
Family
Unionidae
Subfamily
Ambleminae
Tribe
Lampsilini
Genus
Lampsilis
Species
Lampsilis siliquoidea
fatmucket
Kingdom
Animalia
Subkingdom
Bilateria
Infrakingdom
Deuterostomia
Phylum
Chordata
Subphylum
Vertebrata
Infraphylum
Gnathostomata
Superclass
Actinopterygii
Class
Teleostei
Superorder
Ostariophysi
Order
Cypriniformes
Superfamily
Cyprinoidea
Family
Cyprinidae
Genus
Pimephales
Species
Pimephales promelas
fathead minnow
carpita cabezona
tête-de-boule
Data collection and measurements were based on ASTM International or US EPA standard methods; data entry was double checked, and all instruments used were calibrated.
All values fall within expected ranges and the data were checked for duplicates and omissions.
The data are complete as described.
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
Test Organisms
Newly hatched fathead minnow (less than 24-h old) were obtained from in-house cultures at the United States Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC), Columbia, MO. The fish eggs and larvae were held at 25 °C in CERC well water (hardness 280 mg CaCO3/L, alkalinity 250 mg CaCO3/L, and pH 8.0). Newly transformed fatmucket (approximatley 5-d old and all within 2 days of the same age) were obtained from Missouri State University, Springfield, MO. The mussels were cultured in CERC well water at 25 °C for 4 days in an auto-feeding mussel culture system (Wang et al. 2018) before toxicity testing. Mussels were fed an algal mixture of Nannochloropsis concentrate (algal size approximately 1-2 µm) and Shellfish Diet (a unique mix of 4 microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea, Pavlova sp., Tetraselmis sp., Thalassiosira weissflogii, approximately 4-20 µm; Reed Mariculture, Campbell, CA) with a constant algal density of 5 to 10 nL cell volume/mL in culture water, and the minnows were fed ad libitum with less tahn 24-h old brine shrimp nauplii twice daily (USEPA 2002). Ambient laboratory light of 500 lux with 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod was used during test organism culture and toxicity testing.
2016
Preparation of Reconstituted Test Waters
Reconstituted test waters were prepared first to create a base water by diluting CERC well water with deionized water, and then to add sufficient weights of reagent-grade salts (i.e., NaCl, KCl, K2(SO4), CaSO4.2H2O, and MgSO4) to match the ionic composition of the Produced Water (PW)-contaminated site water (hereafter referred to as 1X) and the upstream reference site water measured in February 2015 (Cozzarelli et al. 2017). Two additional reconstituted test waters were prepared to contain 2 and 4 times greater concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water (hereafter referred to as 2X and 4X, respectively) by adding additional reagent grade NaCl and KCl salts to the 1X water. Salt addition recipes for the reconstituted waters were calculated to match each major cation or major anion within about 10% of the site waters). Salts were individually dissolved in 8 L of the base water using a magnetic stir bar and plate for 24 h. Salt solutions for each reconstituted water formulation were combined in a 35-L polypropylene container with a circulating pump and brought to a final volume of 30 L with the base water. The test waters were maintained at room temperature (approximately 22 to 24 °C) for 24 h prior to toxicity testing.
2016
Toxicity Testing
Short-term 7-d toxicity tests were conducted concurrently for the 2 species in the 4 reconstituted test waters and the test organism culture water following standard methods (USEPA 2002; ASTM 2018). The culture water was used as a negative control to assure that the culture health and general test conditions were sufficient to support the test organisms.
Fathead minnow. At the beginning of the test, ten fathead minnows were randomly transferred into each of four 500-mL replicate glass beakers. Each beaker contained about 250 mL of water and was held in a water bath at 25°C. About 80% of the total water volume was renewed daily. Before the daily renewal, remaining food and other debris were removed with a siphon hose. The fish were fed 0.15 mL of a concentrated suspension of less than 24-h-old brine shrimp nauplii twice daily (in the early morning before water renewal and in the late afternoon) on test days 0 to 6; no food was added on test day 7. Fish survival was determined daily just prior to water renewal. At the end of the test, surviving fish per replicate were counted, euthanized with an overdose of tricaine methanesulfonate (Western Chemical, Ferndale, WA), and prepared for dry weight determination (dried at 60 °C for 24 h).
2016
Fatmucket. At the beginning of the test, ten mussels exhibiting foot movement were randomly transferred into each of four 300-mL replicate glass beakers. Each beaker was equipped with a 2.5-cm hole in the side that had been covered with a 50-mesh (279-µm width opening) stainless-steel screen to allow the solution to flow through (Wang et al. 2007) and held about 200 mL of water and 5 mL of fine sand (particle sizes ranging from approximately 100 to less than 250 µm). The sand was prepared by sieving silica sand (Granusil #5010, Unimin Corporation, New Canaan, CT, USA) through a US #60 sieve (250-µm opening). The sieved sand was washed overnight with flow-through CERC well water, rinsed with deionized water for 5 minutes, and held in control (well) water for 24 h before testing. All test beakers were held in a water bath at 25 °C. In addition, approximately 30 juveniles were randomly sampled and preserved in 70% ethanol for initial length measurement. Mussels in each beaker were fed 2 mL of freshly-prepared algal mixture once daily after water renewal. The algal mixture was prepared by diluting 1 mL of the Nannochloropsis concentrate and 2 mL of the Shellfish Diet concentrate (described previously) with 1.8 L of CERC well water (Wang et al. 2007).
About 80% of the total water volume in each replicate beaker was renewed daily by adding 250 mL of water to each of the 4 replicate beakers through a 4-way splitter modified from Brunson et al. 1998; Wang et al. 2007. This approach was used to prevent the loss of the juvenile mussels (as small as less than 0.3 mm) by siphoning or pouring water out of beakers. Specifically, the 4 replicate beakers were transferred into a holding box and 1 L of water was slowly poured into a funnel which connected to a tubing above the splitter. At the end of the test, the mussels in each replicate beaker were examined for survival under a dissecting microscope. Mussels with an empty shell or with a gaped shell containing swollen or decomposed tissue were classified as dead. Surviving mussels were preserved in 70% ethanol for subsequent shell length determination. The maximum shell length of each mussel was measured to the nearest 0.001 mm using a digitizing system with video micrometer software (Image Caliper, Resolution Technology, Dublin, OH, USA). Dry weight was not determined because the young juvenile mussels were too small to accurately weigh.
2016
Water Quality Characteristics and Chemical Analyses
Mean dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, and total ammonia (a sum of NH4+ and NH3; expressed as total ammonia nitrogen, TAN) were determined using standard methods (Eaton et al. 2005) on pooled replicates from each test water at the beginning and end of the test (Days 0 and 7). Samples of the 1X, 2X, 4X, reference, and control waters were collected and syringe-filtered (0.45 µm polyethersulfone membrane) on Day 0 for analyses of major cations (Ca, K, Mg, Na) and major anions (Cl, NO3, and SO4). Water samples for cation analyses were preserved within 24 h of collection by adding a sufficient volume of concentrated house-distilled nitric acid to each sample, to result in a final acid concentration of 1 to 2 % (v/v). Anion samples were preserved by refrigeration and analyzed within 30 days of collection.
Quantitative analyses of Ca, K, Mg, and Na were performed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; ELAN DRC-e, PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT, USA) using a method similar to USEPA 6020B (2014). Concentrations of Cl, NO3, and SO4 were measured by ion chromatography (ICS-1100, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA) using a method similar to USEPA 9056A (2007). For both cation and anion analyses, a minimum of 3 external NIST-traceable calibration standards were used to calibrate the instrument responses. Continuing calibration blanks and second source verification standards, analysis spikes, and analysis duplicates were used as quality control (QC) samples to verify instrument performance throughout the analyses. All QC results were within the acceptable range; analysis spike recoveries were 90-108% and duplicate analyses had relative percent differences less than 2 % for all analytes. Additional QC checks for ICP-MS analyses included the analysis of laboratory control standards to provide further calibration verification (96-100 % recoveries for all cations), and interference checks using a 5-fold dilution approach (0-2 % differences for all cations). Reporting limits were 0.1 mg/L each for Ca, K, Mg, and Na; 0.3 mg/L for Cl; 1 mg/L for NO3; and 1.5 mg/L for SO4.
2016
Lab
Determine the potential effects of elevated major ions in produced water (PW)-contaminated surface water on a fish (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) and a unionid mussel (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in short-term (7-day) exposures. The test organisms were exposed in 3 reconstituted waters formulated with 1, 2, and 4 times the major ions measured at a PW-contaminated stream site 1 month after a PW spill from an oil production wastewater pipeline in the Williston Basin, North Dakota. A reconstituted water mimicking the ionic composition of an upstream site from the spill was used as a reference water.
US Environmental Protection Agency.
2002
Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving water to freshwater organisms, 5th ed. EPA/821/R-02/013, Washington, DC.
Publication
Not electronically available
ASTM International
2018
Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels (ASTM E2455-06 (2013)). Annual Book of ASTM Standards Volume 11.06. West Conshohocken, PA.
Book
Not electronically available
Eaton AD
Clesceri LS
Rice EW
Greenberg AE
2005
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed.: Washington, D.C., American Public Health Association, Water Environment Federation, American Water Works Association, 1,368 p.
Book
Not electronically available
US Environmental Protection Agency
2014
Method 6020B: Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Washington, DC.
Publication
https://www.epa.gov/esam/epa-method-6020b-sw-846-inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry
US Environmental Protection Agency
2007
Method 9056A: Determination of inorganic anions by ion chromatography. Washington, DC.
Publication
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/9056a.pdf
Ning Wang
James L. Kunz
Rebecca A. Dorman
Christopher G. Ingersoll
Jeffery A. Steevens
Edward J. Hammer
Candice R. Bauer
20181115
Evaluation of chronic toxicity of sodium chloride or potassium chloride to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea ) in water exposures using standard and refined toxicity testing methods
publication
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
vol. 37, issue 12
n/a
Wiley
ppg. 3050-3062
https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4258
I.M. Cozzarelli
K.J. Skalak
D.B. Kent
M.A. Engle
A. Benthem
A.C. Mumford
K. Haase
A. Farag
D. Harper
S.C. Nagel
L.R. Iwanowicz
W.H. Orem
D.M. Akob
J.B. Jaeschke
J. Galloway
M. Kohler
D.L. Stoliker
G.D. Jolly
201702
Environmental signatures and effects of an oil and gas wastewater spill in the Williston Basin, North Dakota
publication
Science of The Total Environment
vol. 579
n/a
Elsevier BV
ppg. 1781-1793
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.157
Ning Wang
Christopher G. Ingersoll
I. Eugene Greer
Douglas K. Hardesty
Christopher D. Ivey
James L. Kunz
William G. Brumbaugh
F. James Dwyer
Andy D. Roberts
Tom Augspurger
Cynthia M. Kane
Richard J. Neves
M. Chris Barnhart
2007
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF COPPER AND AMMONIA TO JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE)
publication
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
vol. 26, issue 10
n/a
Wiley
ppg. 2048
https://doi.org/10.1897/06-524R.1
E. L. Brunson
T. J. Canfield
F. J. Dwyer
C. G. Ingersoll
N. E. Kemble
19980801
Assessing the Bioaccumulation of Contaminants from Sediments of the Upper Mississippi River Using Field-Collected Oligochaetes and Laboratory-Exposed Lumbriculus variegatus
publication
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
vol. 35, issue 2
n/a
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
ppg. 191-201
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900367
Survival_and_growth
Text (TXT) file containing mean dry weight and mean length data of juvenile mussels and fish from toxicity tests.
Producer Defined
Species
Taxonomic identification of the test organism
Producer Defined
Taxonomic identification of the test organism
Test_Water
Liquid media in the exposure chamber
Producer Defined
Contaminated Site Water
A reconstituted water prepared first to create a base water by diluting CERC well water with deionized water, and then to add sufficient reagent-grade salts to match the ionic composition of the site water contaminated by the produced water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X1
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 1 time concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X2
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 2 times concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X4
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 4 times concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Reference water
A reconstituted water prepared first to create a base water by diluting CERC well water with deionized water, and then to add reagent-grade salts to match the ionic composition of the reference site water
Producer defined
Reference Site Water
Site water upstream from the spill of an oil production wastewater
Producer defined
Well Water
Columbia Environmental Research Center well water
Producer defined
Replicate
A numeric identifier used to distinguish the replicate testing chambers tested under identical conditions. Replicate measurements capture random biological variation.
Producer Defined
A numeric identifier used to distinguish the replicate testing chambers tested under identical conditions. Replicate measurements capture random biological variation.
Stocked
Count of test organisms placed into the test chamber at beginning of test
Producer Defined
10
10
Observed Individuals
Viable
Count of test organisms surviving at end of test
Producer Defined
NM
Not Measured
Producer defined
4
10
Observed Individuals
Num_Measured
Count of surviving test organisms measured for length from each replicate= amount viable
Producer Defined
NM
Not Measured
Producer defined
4
10
Observed Individuals
Length
Average length of surviving animals at end of test from each replicate
Producer Defined
NM
Not Measured
Producer defined
0.4155116
0.5006738
Millimeters
Num_Weighed
Count of surviving test organisms weighed from each replicate= amount viable
Producer Defined
NM
Not Measured
Producer defined
5
10
Observed Individuals
Dry_Rep_Weight
Composite dry weight of total surviving animals at end of test from each replicate
Producer Defined
NM
Not Measured
Producer defined
2.52
11.54
Milligrams
Water_chemistry_characteristics
Text (TXT) file containing (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, total hardness, total alkalinity, total ammonia of test water.
Producer Defined
Species
Taxonomic identification of the test organism
Producer Defined
Taxonomic identification of the test organism
Test_Water
Liquid media in the exposure chamber
Producer Defined
Contaminated Site Water
A reconstituted water prepared first to create a base water by diluting CERC well water with deionized water, and then to add sufficient reagent-grade salts to match the ionic composition of the site water contaminated by the produced water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X1
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 1 time concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X2
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 2 times concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X4
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 4 times concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Reference water
A reconstituted water prepared first to create a base water by diluting CERC well water with deionized water, and then to add reagent-grade salts to match the ionic composition of the reference site water
Producer defined
Reference Site Water
Site water upstream from the spill of an oil production wastewater
Producer defined
Well Water
Columbia Environmental Research Center well water
Producer defined
Day
he day that the sample was collected. The value represents the number of 24 hour days that have elapsed since the exposure bioassay began.
Producer Defined
0
7
24 hour days
WPQ
The water quality parameter analyzed in the sample.
Producer Defined
Dissolved oxygen
Gaseous oxygen in water or water solutions in test chambers, unfiltered.
Producer defined
Conductivity
Reciprocal of the resistance in ohms measured between opposite faces of a centimeter cube of an aqueous solution at a specified temperature, 25° Celsius
Producer defined
pH
Logarithm of the reciprocal hydrogen ion concentration in atoms per liter or acidity of water in test chambers.
Producer defined
Alkalinity
The total titratable bases in water or buffering capacity of culture and test waters as equivalent milligrams of CaCO3 per liter.
Producer defined
Hardness
Alkaline salts in water, mainly calcium and magnesium, of culture or test waters, as milligrams CaCO3 per liter.
Producer defined
Ammonia
Ammonia ions
Producer defined
WPQ_Conc
The concentration of the water quality parameter analyzed in the sample
Producer Defined
0.03
17100.0
WQP_Units
Units of measure for the analytical result
Producer Defined
Units of measure for the analytical result
Measured_toxicant_concentration
Text (TXT) file containing nitrate, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sodium, sulfate and potassium concentration data in test waters.
Producer Defined
Test_Water
Liquid media in the exposure chamber
Producer Defined
Contaminated Site Water
A reconstituted water prepared first to create a base water by diluting CERC well water with deionized water, and then to add sufficient reagent-grade salts to match the ionic composition of the site water contaminated by the produced water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X1
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 1 time concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X2
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 2 times concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Contam. X4
A reconstituted test water prepared to contain 4 times concentrations of Cl, Na, and K compared to the contaminated site water
Producer defined
Recon. Reference water
A reconstituted water prepared first to create a base water by diluting CERC well water with deionized water, and then to add reagent-grade salts to match the ionic composition of the reference site water
Producer defined
Reference Site Water
Site water upstream from the spill of an oil production wastewater
Producer defined
Well Water
Columbia Environmental Research Center well water
Producer defined
Toxicant
An identifier for the chemical analyzed in the water sample; the toxic substance introduced into the TEST_WATER
Producer Defined
Calcium
CaSO4; CASRN 7778-18-9
Producer defined
Chlorine
NaCl; CASRN 7647-14-5
Producer defined
Magnesium
MgSO4; CASRN 7487-88-9
Producer defined
Nitrate
NO3; CASRN 10108-73-3
Producer defined
Potassium
KCL; CASRN 7447-40-7
Producer defined
Sodium
NaCl; CASRN 7647-14-5
Producer defined
Sulfate
SO4; CASRN 14808-79-8
Producer defined
Nom_Tox_Conc
The target toxicant concentration in the bioassay exposure chamber
Producer Defined
0.0
5132.0
Milligrams per liter
Meas_Tox_Conc
Concentration of toxicant analyzed in the sample
Producer Defined
LT 0.8
Indicative of a value that is less than or below 0.8 milligrams per liter, the analytical method’s lowest detectable limit for the substance analyzed.
Producer defined
LT 1.0
Indicative of a value that is less than or below 1.0 milligrams per liter, the analytical method’s lowest detectable limit for the substance analyzed.
Producer defined
LT 1.4
Indicative of a value that is less than or below 1.4 milligrams per liter, the analytical method’s lowest detectable limit for the substance analyzed.
Producer defined
1.2
5190.0
Milligrams per liter
Toxicant_Units
The units of measure for the nominal and measured toxicant concentration
Producer Defined
The units of measure for the nominal and measured toxicant concentration
GS ScienceBase
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical
Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver
CO
80225
United States
1-888-275-8747
sciencebase@usgs.gov
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
20200817
CERC Data Managers
U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center
mailing and physical
4200 New Haven Raod
Columbia
MO
65201
USA
573-875-5399
gs-mw-cerc_data_manager@usgs.gov
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001.1-1999