<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<metadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Pearse, Ian S.</origin>
        <origin>Koenig, Walter D.</origin>
        <pubdate>20200422</pubdate>
        <title>Data on gall wasp abundance and biomass on valley oak and blue oak trees in California</title>
        <geoform>tabular digital data</geoform>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O5F8DU</onlink>
        <lworkcit>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Brian C. Barringer</origin>
            <origin>Walter D. Koenig</origin>
            <origin>Ian S. Pearse</origin>
            <origin>Johannes M. H. Knops</origin>
            <pubdate>202004</pubdate>
            <title>Population ecology and spatial synchrony in the abundance of leaf gall wasps within and among populations of valley oak (                            Quercus lobata                          )</title>
            <geoform>publication</geoform>
            <serinfo>
              <sername>Population Ecology</sername>
              <issue>vol. 62, issue 2</issue>
            </serinfo>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
              <publish>Wiley</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <othercit>ppg. 220-232</othercit>
            <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390X.12040</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </lworkcit>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>Gall abundance and biomass was recorded on marked valley oak and blue oak individuals throughout California.  Galls, mostly caused by cynipid  gall wasps, were identified to species.  Sampling effort per tree was recorded as the number of leaves searched for gall wasps.  Leaves were taken from two branches per tree using pole pruners, and total galls per tree were summed in each observation.  Annual observations of galls on each tree were made from 2000-2006.</abstract>
      <purpose>Data were collected to assess the spatiotemporal variation in gall wasp abundance on oak trees in California.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <rngdates>
          <begdate>2000</begdate>
          <enddate>2006</enddate>
        </rngdates>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>ground condition</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-126.2109</westbc>
        <eastbc>-113.7305</eastbc>
        <northbc>42.8115</northbc>
        <southbc>32.3985</southbc>
      </bounding>
      <descgeog>California</descgeog>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
        <themekey>biota</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>None</themekt>
        <themekey>gall wasp</themekey>
        <themekey>cynipidae</themekey>
        <themekey>oak</themekey>
        <themekey>Quercus</themekey>
        <themekey>long-term survey</themekey>
        <themekey>spatial synchrony</themekey>
        <themekey>insect outbreaks</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:5dd2f2d2e4b0695797628359</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>None</placekt>
        <placekey>California</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None.  Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.</accconst>
    <useconst>None.  Users are advised to read the data set's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Ian Pearse</cntper>
          <cntorg>US Geological Survey</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>research ecologist</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>2150 Centre Ave #C</address>
          <city>Ft Collins</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80526</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>970-226-9145</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>ipearse@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <taxonomy>
      <keywtax>
        <taxonkt>None</taxonkt>
        <taxonkey>Cynipidae</taxonkey>
        <taxonkey>Quercus lobata</taxonkey>
        <taxonkey>Quercus douglasii</taxonkey>
      </keywtax>
      <taxoncl>
        <taxonrn>Domain</taxonrn>
        <taxonrv>Eukaryota</taxonrv>
        <taxoncl>
          <taxonrn>Kingdom</taxonrn>
          <taxonrv>Animalia</taxonrv>
          <taxoncl>
            <taxonrn>Subkingdom</taxonrn>
            <taxonrv>Bilateria</taxonrv>
            <taxoncl>
              <taxonrn>Infrakingdom</taxonrn>
              <taxonrv>Protostomia</taxonrv>
              <taxoncl>
                <taxonrn>Superphylum</taxonrn>
                <taxonrv>Ecdysozoa</taxonrv>
                <taxoncl>
                  <taxonrn>Phylum</taxonrn>
                  <taxonrv>Arthropoda</taxonrv>
                  <taxoncl>
                    <taxonrn>Subphylum</taxonrn>
                    <taxonrv>Hexapoda</taxonrv>
                    <taxoncl>
                      <taxonrn>Class</taxonrn>
                      <taxonrv>Insecta</taxonrv>
                      <taxoncl>
                        <taxonrn>Subclass</taxonrn>
                        <taxonrv>Pterygota</taxonrv>
                        <taxoncl>
                          <taxonrn>Infraclass</taxonrn>
                          <taxonrv>Neoptera</taxonrv>
                          <taxoncl>
                            <taxonrn>Superorder</taxonrn>
                            <taxonrv>Holometabola</taxonrv>
                            <taxoncl>
                              <taxonrn>Order</taxonrn>
                              <taxonrv>Hymenoptera</taxonrv>
                              <taxoncl>
                                <taxonrn>Suborder</taxonrn>
                                <taxonrv>Apocrita</taxonrv>
                                <taxoncl>
                                  <taxonrn>Infraorder</taxonrn>
                                  <taxonrv>Terebrantes</taxonrv>
                                  <taxoncl>
                                    <taxonrn>Superfamily</taxonrn>
                                    <taxonrv>Cynipoidea</taxonrv>
                                    <taxoncl>
                                      <taxonrn>Family</taxonrn>
                                      <taxonrv>Cynipidae</taxonrv>
                                      <common>TSN: 154031</common>
                                    </taxoncl>
                                  </taxoncl>
                                </taxoncl>
                              </taxoncl>
                            </taxoncl>
                          </taxoncl>
                        </taxoncl>
                      </taxoncl>
                    </taxoncl>
                  </taxoncl>
                </taxoncl>
              </taxoncl>
            </taxoncl>
          </taxoncl>
        </taxoncl>
        <taxoncl>
          <taxonrn>Kingdom</taxonrn>
          <taxonrv>Plantae</taxonrv>
          <taxoncl>
            <taxonrn>Subkingdom</taxonrn>
            <taxonrv>Viridiplantae</taxonrv>
            <taxoncl>
              <taxonrn>Infrakingdom</taxonrn>
              <taxonrv>Streptophyta</taxonrv>
              <taxoncl>
                <taxonrn>Superdivision</taxonrn>
                <taxonrv>Embryophyta</taxonrv>
                <taxoncl>
                  <taxonrn>Division</taxonrn>
                  <taxonrv>Tracheophyta</taxonrv>
                  <taxoncl>
                    <taxonrn>Subdivision</taxonrn>
                    <taxonrv>Spermatophytina</taxonrv>
                    <taxoncl>
                      <taxonrn>Class</taxonrn>
                      <taxonrv>Magnoliopsida</taxonrv>
                      <taxoncl>
                        <taxonrn>Superorder</taxonrn>
                        <taxonrv>Rosanae</taxonrv>
                        <taxoncl>
                          <taxonrn>Order</taxonrn>
                          <taxonrv>Fagales</taxonrv>
                          <taxoncl>
                            <taxonrn>Family</taxonrn>
                            <taxonrv>Fagaceae</taxonrv>
                            <taxoncl>
                              <taxonrn>Genus</taxonrn>
                              <taxonrv>Quercus</taxonrv>
                              <taxoncl>
                                <taxonrn>Species</taxonrn>
                                <taxonrv>Quercus lobata</taxonrv>
                                <common>TSN: 19370</common>
                              </taxoncl>
                              <taxoncl>
                                <taxonrn>Species</taxonrn>
                                <taxonrv>Quercus douglasii</taxonrv>
                                <common>TSN: 19322</common>
                              </taxoncl>
                            </taxoncl>
                          </taxoncl>
                        </taxoncl>
                      </taxoncl>
                    </taxoncl>
                  </taxoncl>
                </taxoncl>
              </taxoncl>
            </taxoncl>
          </taxoncl>
        </taxoncl>
      </taxoncl>
    </taxonomy>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>Data were collected using various methods.  No formal tests of accuracy were performed.  Data were proofed for internal consistency.</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>Data fell within expected ranges.</logic>
    <complete>Data are considered complete</complete>
    <lineage>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Data were collected from 2000-2006 by observing gall wasps on trees.  Gall abundance was counted as were the number of leaves on which galls were searched for.  The latter was used to account for variation in search effort.  Data were proofed for internal consistency.</procdesc>
        <procdate>2007</procdate>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <eainfo>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>gall_koenig_dataset.csv</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>TREECODE</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Unique identifier of each tree</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <udom>Unique identifier of each tree</udom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>TREESP</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Tree species</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>lobata</edomv>
            <edomvd>Quercus lobata (valley oak)</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>douglasi</edomv>
            <edomvd>Quercus douglasii (blue oak)</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>ldoug</edomv>
            <edomvd>unclear species ID.  Perhaps a hybrid.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>SITENUM</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Unique identifier of site</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <udom>Unique identifier of site</udom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>SITE</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Site identity</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>SIERRA F</edomv>
            <edomvd>Sierra Foothills</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>TOWER HS</edomv>
            <edomvd>Tower House Road</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>HNHR</edomv>
            <edomvd>Hastings Reservation</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>DYE CRK</edomv>
            <edomvd>Dye Creek Reserve</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>LIEBRE M</edomv>
            <edomvd>Liebre Mountain</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>SEDGWICK</edomv>
            <edomvd>Sedgwick Reserve</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>JASPER R</edomv>
            <edomvd>Jasper Ridge</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>HOPLAND</edomv>
            <edomvd>Hopland Research Reserve</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>POZO</edomv>
            <edomvd>Pozo Natural Area</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>KAWEAH O</edomv>
            <edomvd>Kaweah Oaks</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>SAN JOAQ</edomv>
            <edomvd>San Joaquin reserve</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>KAWEAH R</edomv>
            <edomvd>Kaweah River</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>YEAR</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>year of observation</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>2000</rdommin>
            <rdommax>2006</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>TREENUM</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Tree number referring to tags</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>1</rdommin>
            <rdommax>250</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>NLEAVES</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Number of leaves observed</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>5</rdommin>
            <rdommax>348</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>LEAFMASS</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Mass (g) of leaves observed</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA, -9 is a null value</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>18.749</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>NGALLS</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Number of galls observed</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>1000</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>GALLMASS</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Mass (g) of galls observed</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0.0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>3.904</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>NAME</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Species name of gall wasp</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <udom>Gall wasp species or lowest taxonomic unit that the gall could be identified to.</udom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>STEM</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Is this a stem gall?</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>1</edomv>
            <edomvd>True</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>0</edomv>
            <edomvd>False</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>LEAF</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Is this a leaf gall</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>NA</edomv>
            <edomvd>No Data</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>0</edomv>
            <edomvd>False</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>1</edomv>
            <edomvd>True</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
    </detailed>
  </eainfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>GS ScienceBase</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>
          <city>Denver</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80225</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>sciencebase@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>Digital Data</formname>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O5F8DU</networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>None</fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20200820</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Ian Pearse</cntper>
          <cntorg>US Geological Survey</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>research ecologist</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>2150 Centre Ave #C</address>
          <city>Ft Collins</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80526</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>970-226-9145</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>ipearse@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001.1-1999</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
