Patrick B Shafroth, USGS Fort Eduardo Gonzalez, Colorado State University Steven R Lee, USGS Oakland Steven M Ostoja, USDA California Climate Hub Rebecca A Sherry, University of Oklahoma Eric Wahlig, Cherokee Nation Technologies 20191028 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CSRABT Plant composition, geomorphic conditions and sediment properties before (2010) and after (2012) a 40 year return period flood (December 2010) at multiple transects within four reaches in the lower Virgin River, Nevada. The data contains four .csv files: localization (UTM coordinates of the transects), vegetation and geomorphology, species codes and sediment quality The purpose of the data was to study short-term geomorphic and riparian vegetation responses to a large magnitude flood in the context of an invasion of a plant engineer species. We aimed to: i) quantify the changes in channel geometry, topography and sediment quality caused by the flood, and ii) identify plant species and groups that are more or less favored by erosion and deposition of sediments. 20100301 20120531 ground condition Complete None planned -114.3328 -113.9566 36.8512 36.6061 Lower Virgin River between Littlefield and Lake Mead ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None braided channel channel widening disturbance large flood resilience Tamarix USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5d77fd59e4b0c4f70d020c51 None Nevada Arizona None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the data set's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Patrick B Shafroth physical

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Fort Collins CO 80526 USA 970-226-9327 Excel for Mac. v 14.7.2. Virgin River Ecohydrology 350 KB Eduardo Gonzalez 2019 publication Gonzalez E, Shafroth PB, Lee SR, Leverich GT, Real de Asua R, Sherry RA, Ostoja SM, Orr BK. Short-term geomorphic and riparian vegetation responses to a 40-year flood on a braided, dryland river. Under revision in Ecohydrology No tests were performed to assess the accuracy of values No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. We established 4 to 6 cross-floodplain transects within each study reach, for a total of 20 transects, in spring 2010. The transect locations were chosen to capture a representative range of geomorphic landforms (active channels, bars, floodplains, terraces) and existing riparian vegetation communities within each reach. Transects ran perpendicular to the active channel. Transect distances ranged between 131 to 585 m long, with each starting in the adjacent uplands and extending to at least the low flow channel. Many, but not all, transects crossed the river and continued across the entire valley bottom. To assess geomorphic change associated with the December 2010 flood, we used high-resolution topographic surveys (real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS)) along the transects before (spring 2010) and after (fall 2011, spring 2012) the flood. Point measurements were recorded at major topographic breaks, vegetation plot corners in fall 2011 (see below), and water’s edge locations in spring 2012. Estimated vertical and horizontal accuracy was ± 5 cm. Given these errors, we defined “no change” plots as those with < 10 cm vertical change between the pre- and post-flood surveys; “erosion” plots as those with ≥ 10 cm decrease in elevation; and “deposition” plots as those with ≥ 10 cm increase in elevation. In addition, we defined “reset” plots as those with < 10 cm vertical change but with strong evidence of change (e.g., open water, fresh alluvium, removal of vegetation). Along the field transects, vegetation was sampled in spring 2010 (pre-flood) and spring 2012 (post-flood) in 2 x 5 m (10 m2) plots located at 20-m intervals within each distinct geomorphic surface along the length of each transect. Within each plot, a visual estimate of cover for each plant species present was recorded. At each plot, a 600 ml composite soil sample was obtained by combining 12, 50 ml sub-samples collected every meter along the outside perimeter of each plot (10 cm depth). Soil samples were collected once before the flood in spring of 2010 and once after the flood in spring of 2012. A subset of 156 samples representative of all geomorphic surfaces and the “erosion”, “deposition” and “no change” plots (the number of “reset” plots was too low for analyses) was sent to Brigham Young University’s Environmental Analytical Laboratory (Provo, UT) for analysis of soil texture (with only percentage in > 63μm-sand in fine fraction being reported) by hydrometer, and electrical conductivity (a measure of salinity) from a saturated paste extract (RC-16C Conductivity Bridge, Beckman Instruments, Brea, CA, USA). 20120531 Virgin Flood_Site Locations.csv Localization (UTM coordinates) of field transects Producer Defined Reach River reach in the Lower Virgin River, beginning downstream of the Virgin River gorge (near the town of Littlefield and the Arizona-Nevada border at river-kilometer 119) and extending downstream 62 km Producer Defined Littlefield river kilometers 119-103 Producer defined Mesquite river kilometers 103-97 Producer defined Gold Butte river kilometers 84-67 Producer defined Mormon Mesa river kilometers 67-57 Producer defined Position Beginning or end of floodplain cross-transects; from 4 to 6 cross-transects within each study reach, for a total of 20 transects, established in fall 2009. Producer Defined Beginning Beginning of transect Producer defined End End of transect Producer defined Transect Transect number Producer Defined 1 6 Easting UTM coordinates Producer Defined 233377.551 767471.496 Northing UTM coordinates Producer Defined 4054387.233 4083086.829 Elevation Elevation above sea level (absolute, m) Producer Defined 382.897 544.659 UTM Zone UTM zone Producer Defined 11 12 Virgin Flood_Vegetation and geomorphology.csv Plant composition and geomorphic conditions data Producer Defined Year Year when survey was done Producer Defined 2010 2012 Reach River reach in the Lower Virgin River, beginning downstream of the Virgin River gorge (near the town of Littlefield and the Arizona-Nevada border at river-kilometer 119) and extending downstream 62 km Producer Defined Littlefield river kilometers 119-103 Producer defined Mesquite river kilometers 103-97 Producer defined Gold Butte river kilometers 84-67 Producer defined Mormon Mesa river kilometers 67-57 Producer defined Transect_ID Unique alphanumeric identification for each transect Producer Defined The letters represent abbreviation for the Littlefield (LF), Mesquite (MS), Gold Butte (GB) and Mormon Mesa (MM) reaches. The numbers indicate the number of the transect Plot_ID Unique identification for the plots along the transects Producer Defined 1 385 z2010 Relative elevation of each vegetation plot in spring 2010 (before the 40 yr flood of December 2010), calculated as the height above a consistent water level measurement (spring 2012), in meters Producer Defined -1.102 9.73 meters d2010 Distance of the plot to the edge of the low flow channel at the time of survey in spring 2010 (before the 40 yr flood of December 2010), in meters Producer Defined 2.1744622 806.680549912 meters z2011 Relative elevation of each vegetation plot in fall 2011 (after the 40 yr flood of December 2010), calculated as the height above a consistent water level measurement (spring 2012), in meters Producer Defined -1.33 9.73 meters d2011 Distance of the plot to the edge of the low flow channel at the time of survey in fall 2011 (after the 40 yr flood of December 2010), in meters Producer Defined 0.0 807.251349312 meters Geomorphic process Dominant geomorphic process in the plot, obtained through the change in elevation following the 40 yr flood of December 2010 Producer Defined Reset Plots with < 10 cm vertical change but with strong evidence of change (e.g., open water, fresh alluvium, removal of vegetation). Producer defined Erosion Plots with ≥ 10 cm decrease in elevation Producer defined Deposition Plots with ≥ 10 cm increase in elevation Producer defined NoChange Plots with < 10 cm vertical change between the pre- and post-flood surveys Producer defined Submerged Plot submerged or not at the time of survey Producer Defined No Not submerged Producer defined Yes Submerged Producer defined Remote sensing Landform identified by remote sensing Producer Defined Floodplain Floodplain Producer defined Channel Active channel identified in the May-June 2010 orthophotography Producer defined Post-channel Floodplain identified in the May-June 2010 and active channel in the 2011 orthophotography Producer defined Pre-channel Active channel identified in the May-June 2010 and in the 2011 orthophotography Producer defined ABRVIL Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 AMBACA Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 8.0 AMSTES Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 BASSCO Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 30 BRATOU Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 25.0 CAMBOO Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 CAMBRE Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 CHOBRE Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 CHORIG Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 CRYCIR Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 CRYPSP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 DESPIN Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 3.0 DICCAN Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 8.0 DRACUN Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 ERIDEF Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 ERILAN Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 ERIPAL Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 4.0 EROCIC Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 GILISP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 1 GUILAS Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 2 LACSER Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 LEPLAS Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 LINDEM Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 LOEMAT Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 MALAFR Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 MELOFF Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 15.0 PECPEN Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 PECREC Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 PHACRE Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 PHAFRE Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 1 PHLGRA Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 PLAOVA Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 40.0 PLAPAT Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 25.0 PLUODO Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 RAFNEO Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 SALTRA Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 25.0 SISALT Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 3.0 SOLAME Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 3 STEEXI Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 XANSTR Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 9.0 Bromsp Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 30.0 LOLTEM Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 2 POLMON Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 65.0 SCHBAR Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 38.0 VULOCT Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 1 AGOGLA Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 CARESP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 82.0 DATWRI Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 1 ERIINF Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 3.0 ERIOSP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 HELCUR Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 55.0 MEDSAT Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 2 OENOSP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 RUMCRI Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 8.0 RUMSAL Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 5.0 STRLON Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 0.5 TAROFF Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 1.0 TEUCUB Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 2 TRIREP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 15.0 TYPLAT Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 97.0 ARUDON Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 45 CYNDAC Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 10.0 CYPESP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 3.0 DISSPI Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 47.0 FESTSP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 10.0 Juncsp Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 15.0 PENVIL Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 7.0 PHRAUS Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 7.0 POACOM Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 5.0 SCHAME Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 35.0 SCHMAR Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 3 SCIRSP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 40.0 ALHMAU Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 17.5 ALLOCC Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 40.0 AMBDUM Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 9.0 ATRCAN Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 35.0 ATRLEN Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 55.0 BACEMO Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 5 BACSAL Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 8.0 LARTRI Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 30 LYCAND Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 45 LYCCOO Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 35 OPUBAS Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 6 PLUSER Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 90.0 SUAMOQ Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 20 ACAGRE Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 55 POPFRE Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 60.0 PROGLA Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 47.0 PROPUB Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 55.0 PROSSP Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0 41 Salisp Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 84.0 TAM-A Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 45.0 TAM-B Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 85.0 TAM-C Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 TAM-D Cover (%) of species in the plot at the time of survey (see .csv with species codes for species information) Producer Defined 0.0 88.0 Total_vegetation Total cover (%) of vegetation in the plot at the time of survey Producer Defined 0.0 195.0 Virgin Flood_Species codes.csv Species codes as found in vegetation and geomorphology .csv file Producer Defined Code Species code as found in vegetation and geomorphology .csv Producer Defined Species codes USDA code Code of the USDA Plants Database Producer Defined Code of the USDA Plants Database Genus Species genus Producer Defined Species genus Species Species Producer Defined Species Life span Life span as indicated in the USDA Plants Database Producer Defined Annual Annual or Biennial Producer defined Perennial Perennial Producer defined . Not available Producer defined Life form Life form as indicated in the USDA Plants Database Producer Defined Forb Forb Producer defined Graminoid Graminoid Producer defined Shrub Shrub Producer defined Tree Tree Producer defined . Not available Producer defined Nativity Nativity as indicated in the USDA Plants Database Producer Defined Native Native Producer defined Alien Alien Producer defined Wetland indicator status Wetland Indicator Status as indicated in the USDA Plants Database Producer Defined << empty cell >> Not available Producer defined FAC Facultative Producer defined FACU Facultative upland Producer defined FACW Facultative wetland Producer defined UPL Upland Producer defined OBL Obligate Producer defined Virgin Flood_Sediment quality.csv Sediment properties Producer Defined Reach River reach in the Lower Virgin River, beginning downstream of the Virgin River gorge (near the town of Littlefield and the Arizona-Nevada border at river-kilometer 119) and extending downstream 62 km Producer Defined Littlefield river kilometers 119-103 Producer defined Mesquite river kilometers 103-97 Producer defined Gold Butte river kilometers 84-67 Producer defined Mormon Mesa river kilometers 67-57 Producer defined Transect Unique alphanumeric identification for each transect Producer Defined The letters represent abbreviation for the Littlefield (LF), Mesquite (MS), Gold Butte (GB) and Mormon Mesa (MM) reaches. The numbers indicate the number of the transect Plot_ID Unique identification for the plots along the transects Producer Defined 7 380 2010 EC (dS/m) Electrical conductivity (a measure of salinity) from a saturated paste extract (RC-16C Conductivity Bridge, Beckman Instruments, Brea, CA, USA) in 2010. Producer Defined 0.41 90.0 ds/m 2010 %Sand Percentage in > 63µm-sand in fine fraction being reported) by hydrometer following Day (1965) in 2010 Producer Defined 2.16 96.16 2012 EC (dS/m) Electrical conductivity (a measure of salinity) from a saturated paste extract (RC-16C Conductivity Bridge, Beckman Instruments, Brea, CA, USA) in 2012. Producer Defined 0.315 90.0 2012 %Sand Percentage in > 63µm-sand in fine fraction being reported) by hydrometer following Day (1965) in 2012 Producer Defined 5.44 96.72 The USDA PLANTS database referenced in individual Detailed sections is USDA, NRCS. 2006. The PLANTS Database, 6 March 2006 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.) None GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CSRABT None 20220714 FORT Metadata Specialist U.S. Geological Survey FORT Metadata Specialist mailing

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Fort Collins Colorado 80526 970-226-9100 970-226-9230 fortdatamanagement@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999