Sara L. Zeigler Emily J. Sturdivant Benjamin T. Gutierrez 2019 1.0 raster digital dataset data release DOI:10.5066/P944FPA4 Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P944FPA4 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5d0bc8d2e4b0941bde4fc593 Emily J. Sturdivant Sara L. Zeigler Benjamin T. Gutierrez Kathryn M. Weber 2019 1.0 data release DOI:10.5066/P944FPA4 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Sturdivant, E.J., Zeigler, S.L., Gutierrez, B.T., and Weber, K.M., 2019, Barrier island geomorphology and shorebird habitat metrics—Four sites in New York, New Jersey, and Virginia, 2010–2014: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P944FPA4. https://doi.org/10.5066/P944FPA4 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5be5c5bce4b0b3fc5cf8c7cb Understanding how sea-level rise will affect coastal landforms and the species and habitats they support is critical for crafting approaches that balance the needs of humans and native species. Given this increasing need to forecast sea-level rise effects on barrier islands in the near and long terms, we are developing Bayesian networks to evaluate and to forecast the cascading effects of sea-level rise on shoreline change, barrier island state, and piping plover habitat availability. We use publicly available data products, such as lidar, orthophotography, and geomorphic feature sets derived from those, to extract metrics of barrier island characteristics at consistent sampling distances. The metrics are then incorporated into predictive models and the training data used to parameterize those models. This data release contains the extracted metrics of barrier island geomorphology and spatial data layers of habitat characteristics that are input to Bayesian networks for piping plover habitat availability and barrier island geomorphology. These datasets and models are being developed for sites along the northeastern coast of the United States. This work is one component of a larger research and management program that seeks to understand and sustain the ecological value, ecosystem services, and habitat suitability of beaches in the face of storm impacts, climate change, and sea-level rise. The dataset described here identifies the Euclidean distance from the center of each 5x5 m GeoTiff cell within the boundaries of the Cedar Island, Virginia study area to the ocean, with the ocean boundary being the mean high water (MHW) ocean shoreline, according to lidar captured in 2010. See Zeigler and others (2019) for additional details. This dataset is part of a series of spatial datasets used to describe characteristics of barrier islands found along the North American Atlantic coast in order to identify habitat for the federally protected piping plover (Charadrius melodus). Information contained in these spatial datasets was used within a Bayesian network to model the probability that a specific set of landscape characteristics would be associated with piping plover habitat. For additional information on processing and use of this geospatial dataset, see the USGS Open-File report by Zeigler and others (2019). 20100321 20100328 Ground condition measured by source lidar data. Complete None planned -75.64117637 -75.58500313 37.58001334 37.69202748 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5d0bc8d2e4b0941bde4fc593 None barrier island USGS CMGP Geographic Information Systems GIS U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center MHW Mean High Water Coastal Habitat Cedar Island Virginia Coast Reserve ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans environment USGS Thesaurus geospatial datasets geospatial analysis geomorphology None Virginia VA Delmarva Peninsula Cedar Island North America United States USA Atlantic Ocean Virginia Coast Reserve none Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. U.S. Geological Survey Sara L. Zeigler mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2290 508-457-2310 szeigler@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5d0bc8d2e4b0941bde4fc593/?name=CeI_DisOcean_browse.png Example of distance to ocean GeoTIFF for Cedar Island, Virginia. PNG Sara L. Zeigler Emily J. Sturdivant Benjamin T. Gutierrez 2019 Open-File Report 2019–1071 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Details the methods used to process these data for use in barrier island and piping plover habitat modeling. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191071 Kathryn M. Weber Jeffrey H. List Karen L.M. Morgan 2005 Open-File Report 2005-1027 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1027/ This file consists of GeoTIFF raster data produced in reference to the shoreline polygon dataset (cei10_shoreline.shp) published within the larger work. The shoreline was not further checked for topological consistency. No further logical accuracy tests were conducted on the present dataset. This dataset is clipped to a custom boundary and may not include the entire spatial extent of source datasets as they are published in original form. However, the custom boundary spans the entire coverage of Cedar Island relevant to the broader research program (see Zeigler and others, 2019 for more details). This dataset is therefore considered complete for the information presented as described in the abstract section. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. We assume an accuracy within 5 m horizontally. No formal accuracy assessments of the horizontal positional information in the dataset have been conducted. However, the accuracy is dependent on that of the source data. Horizontal accuracy is inherited from the seaward portion of the shoreline polygons (cei10_shoreline.shp in the larger work). Seaward segments of the shoreline polygons are accurate to about 5 m. This raster file was created in reference system North American Datum (NAD) 1983 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 18N at a resolution of 5 m. Full methods are provided in the associated USGS Open-File Report (Zeigler and others, 2019). The following steps were all performed in ArcGIS 10.4.1. Using ArcGIS, we started by locating the ‘ocean’ boundary in the study area. Using the geomorphic settings GeoTIFF (CeI11_GeoSet.tif in larger work), we selected all raster cells defined as ‘beach’ and exported the selected features as a polygon using the ‘Raster to Polygon’ conversion tool. Here, ‘beach’ is defined as the area between the shoreline (cei10_shoreline.shp contained in the larger work) and the study area boundary. The custom study area boundary spans the entire coverage of Cedar Island relevant to the broader research program (see Zeigler and others, 2019 for more details). Its extent beyond the Cedar Island barrier island is otherwise irrelevant and does not affect data quality or completeness. In an Edit session in ArcGIS, we used the ‘Cut Polygons’ tool to manually clip the beach polygon so that only the portion of the polygon on the ocean-facing side of the barrier island remained. The mean high water (MHW) shoreline (cei10_shoreline.shp in larger work) was referenced to identify the extent of the ocean-facing portion of the beach. For these purposes, this clipped beach area from the MHW shoreline seaward to the edge of the study area was considered the ocean boundary. Using the ‘Euclidean Distance’ tool, we created a raster layer with a 5x5 m cell size that measured the straight-line distance from each cell within the study area to the closest cell in the clipped beach polygon (considered the ocean boundary). Cells landward of the MHW shoreline received a positive distance to ocean value and those seaward of the MHW shoreline received a value of 0 m. See Zeigler and others (2019) for example figures. No transformations were performed because shoreline polygons and geomorphic setting rasters were acquired in the NAD83 UTM projection. 20171214 Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process performed on 20200810. The metadata title was modified to move the location name to the beginning of the title to account for the alphabetical listing of the individual records when ScienceBase migrates the data release to a new platform and "flattens" the data release structure (20260227). 20260227 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell 2492 975 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 18 0.9996 -75.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 5.0 5.0 Meter D_North_American_1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 CeI10_DisOcean.tif The distance to ocean layer (CeI11_DisOcean.tif) is a 2492 x 975 pixel raster layer, where the value of every 5x5 m cell is distance from the center of each 5x5 m GeoTIFF cell to the ocean, with the ocean boundary defined by the mean high water shoreline seaward to the study area boundary. NoData value of ‘-9999’ indicates cells outside the study area extent. Producer defined Value Distance from the center of each 5x5 m GeoTIFF cell to the ocean, with the ocean boundary defined by the mean high water shoreline seaward to the study area boundary. NoData value of ‘-9999’ indicates cells outside the study area extent. Producer defined 0 3451.27 meters The distance to ocean layer is a GeoTIFF raster layer, where the value of each 5x5 m cell is the Euclidean distance from the center of that cell to the ocean, with the boundary for 'ocean' being the mean high water shoreline seaward to the edge of the study area. Please review the individual attribute descriptions as well as Zeigler and others (2019) for detailed information. NoData value of ‘-9999’ indicates cells outside the study area extent. Methods Open-File Report by Zeigler and others (2019) U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov These data files comprise a 32-bit GeoTIFF (CeI10_DisOcean.tif), which provides a continuous distance value for each 5x5 m cell. Additionally, the CSDGM FGDC metadata (cei10_DisOcean_meta.xml) and the browse graphic (EF_DisOcean_browse.png) are included. These data can be downloaded individually or packaged on-demand in a zip file (see the Digital Transfer Option section). Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. GeoTIFF ArcGIS 10.4 32-bit GeoTIFF A 32-bit GeoTIFF, associated GeoTIFF components, a browse thumbnail PNG image, and FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. 10.5 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5d0bc8d2e4b0941bde4fc593 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5d0bc8d2e4b0941bde4fc593 https://doi.org/10.5066/P944FPA4 The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all data available from the page as a zip file. The final link is to the publication landing page. The data page (first link) may have additional data access options, including web services. None To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of reading a 32-bit GeoTIFF format. 20260227 Sara L. Zeigler U.S. Geological Survey Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 United States 508-548-8700 x2290 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319) FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998