Meredith Reitz Ward E. Sanford 2019 Raster geoTIFFs Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NRVAQ5 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NRVAQ5 This data set includes 1 km resolution monthly timescale estimates of the effective recharge component of the water budget over the time period from October 2003 - December 2015. These estimates were developed as water budget residuals using previously published data sets for other water budget components: PRISM precipitation (Daly et al., 2004), SNODAS snow water equivalent (National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center, 2004), SSEBop-WB evapotranspiration (Reitz et al., 2017), a map of groundwater-sourced irrigation (Reitz et al., 2017), and monthly surface runoff maps (Reitz et al., 2019). The recharge data were estimated as the difference between water supply (precipitation plus snow melt plus irrigation) and the other water budget components (snow accumulation, surface runoff, and ET) for a given month. In locations / months where the SNODAS snow accumulation data indicated greater snow accumulation than PRISM precipitation for that month, the snow accumulation was capped to the precipitation value. The monthly recharge maps represent the implications of these water budget component estimates on resulting recharge rates, and are not accompanied by an evaluative and interpretive journal article or report, so ought to be taken as preliminary estimates. The authors plan to follow this work with further efforts that will result in updated versions of monthly recharge maps, and accompanying interpretive and evaluative work. The data set here includes two versions of the monthly recharge maps. The raw version (e.g., "2003_raw.zip") includes negative values where the water budget component estimates for ET, runoff, and snow accumulation exceeded the water supply from precipitation and snow melt. The positive version (e.g., "2003_positive.zip") replaces these negative values with zeros. The positive version is the one that should be used for application of these data sets, but the raw version can be useful as an indication of the quality of the water budget estimates in a given location. Data were developed in order to provide preliminary 1 km effective recharge estimates for the CONUS for October 2003-December 2015 20031001 20151231 ground condition Complete None planned -125.020833333 -66.479166669 49.8041666667 24.062500001 USGS Thesaurus recharge water budget water budget USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5cd0a1b1e4b09b8c0b79a51c Geographic Names Information System Conterminous United States Oregon GEO Temporal Keywords Modern Month Recent none none Meredith Reitz USGS mailing and physical

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, MS 432

Reston VA 20192 USA 703-648-5834 mreitz@usgs.gov No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted We checked that values fall within expected ranges, and that data has not been duplicated or omitted. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Input data sets were already georeferenced. N/A Reitz, Meredith, Senay, Gabriel B., and Sanford, Ward E. 2017 Raster geoTIFF U.S. Geological Survey, ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59d3d13ce4b05fe04cc3d278 Monthly ET at 1 km resolution for the conterminous U.S. 20000101 20151231 monthly timescale maps, was published in 2017 SSEBop-WB ET Used as the ET component in water budget Chris Daly and George Taylor, PRISM Climate Group 2000 Raster geoTIFFs Oregon State University PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/ Monthly precipitation maps at 800 m resolution for the conterminous U.S. 18950101 20151231 Data obtained 2016 PRISM precipitation Used as the precipitation component in water budget National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center 2004 Raster data Online, available https://nsidc.org/data/g02158# National Snow and Ice Data Center https://doi.org/10.7265/N5TB14TC Gridded maps of snow water equivalent at 1 km resolution for the conterminous U.S. 20031001 20151231 Data obtained 2016 SNODAS SWE Used for the monthly snow melt or accumulation component in water budget Reitz, Meredith, and Sanford, Ward E. 2019 raster geoTIFF U.S. Geological Survey, ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey Available https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bc8aa93e4b0fc368ebfe165 Monthly surface runoff at 1 km resolution for the conterminous U.S. 18950101 20171231 Data published/obtained in 2019 Surface runoff Used as the surface runoff component in water budget Reitz, Meredith, Sanford, Ward E., Senay, Gabriel B., and Cazenas, Jeffrey 2017 Raster geoTIFF U.S. Geological Survey, ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/55d3730fe4b0518e35468e1e Annual average map of groundwater-sourced irrigation for the CONUS 20000101 20101231 Data published 2017 Irrigation rate Used as the groundwater-sourced irrigation component in water budget The SNODAS SWE data was processed from its original format of daily values into monthly sums of SWE change. Where snow accumulation values were in excess of PRISM precipitation values, these data were capped to the monthly precipitation rate. To conserve snow mass balance, the amount of reduced accumulation from the capping was also reduced from subsequent months' melting events. 2018 The recharge maps were produced using these input data sets, through the use of ArcGIS / ArcPy processing software. The "raw" recharge for each pixel was calculated as precipitation, plus snow melt, plus groundwater-sourced irrigation, minus snow accumulation, minus evapotranspiration, minus surface runoff. To do this on a monthly timestep, the long-term annual average irrigation rate was distributed across the growing season, as 12.5% each to April and May, and 25% each to June, July, and August. The "positive" recharge is identical to the "raw" recharge, except that all negative values were set to zero. 2019 Conterminous United States Raster Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 1000.0 1000.0 METERS WGS84 WGS84 6378137.0 298.257223563 YYYY_raw These zip folders contain geoTIFF rasters of the raw monthly recharge estimates in meters/month for the specified year. Within these zip files, the "RC_YYYY_MM" folders contain the monthly recharge maps for the MM month of the YYYY year. Producer defined These rasters have one value presented in each one corresponding to raw recharge in the given month. Monthly raw recharge rate in meters/month Producer defined -5 5 meters per month (m/mo) YYYY_positive These zip folders contain geoTIFF rasters of the positive-only monthly recharge estimates in meters/month for the specified year. Within these zip files, the "RC_YYYY_MM" folders contain the monthly recharge maps for the MM month of the YYYY year. Producer defined These rasters have one value presented in each one corresponding to positive recharge in the given month. Monthly positive recharge rate in meters/month Producer defined 0 5 meters per month (m/mo) U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. 20200827 Meredith Reitz US Geological Survey mailing and physical

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 432

Reston VA 20192 United States 703-648-5834 mreitz@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998