Matthew C. Modlin Amy J. Symstad 20181011 Vector Digital Data Set (Polygon) Jamestown, North Dakota U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YBJA1G This spatial data set provides information pertaining to the known land use and disturbance history for lands within the March 2018 administrative boundary of Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Nebraska. Land use and disturbance history presented here are not a comprehensive record of all potential land uses and disturbances but rather a record of known and documented land uses and disturbances based on the best available information. Additional land use and disturbance information may exist but due to time and budget constraints may not have been discovered during the research and development of this data set. The information in this data set was gathered through a variety of sources including but not limited to communication with National Park Service staff, historical documents, land patent records, online information searches, aerial imagery, historic photographs, and spatial data repositories. Data are presented as polygon features, each with a unique area number, its total area (in acres) and the percent of the park the area covers. Polygons were delineated based on existing GIS layers in park records, or, when these were not available, they were digitized using ESRI Arc Map 10.5.1 in conjunction with USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service NAIP orthoimagery based on written descriptions of locations (e.g., Township and Range Survey System) or maps in information sources. History of each polygon is described for one or more of five land use or disturbance types: cultivation, structures, excavation, grazing, and other disturbance. Each land use or disturbance type has six attribute fields. The first field indicates if there is evidence of the land use or disturbance type in the polygon. "Yes" indicates there is evidence and a <null> value indicates evidence was not found. A <null> value does not guarantee that the land use or disturbance type has not occurred in the area, but rather that we found no evidence of that type. The second field provides a description of the land use or disturbance event or activities. The level of detail provided in the description is based on the best available information. The third field provides the last known date of land use or disturbance or the best estimation of the last known date; for grazing, the range of time over which grazing was documented is indicated. The fourth field provides an explanation of how the land use or disturbance date was generated or the confidence level of the date. The fifth field provides an explanation of the confidence in the area boundary. The spatial accuracy of area boundaries are only as good as the available information they were generated from and should be used with the understanding that they may be overestimated, underestimated, or misaligned. In some cases the area was generated from personal recollection of a park service staff and exact location is unknown. The sixth and last field provides the references used to populate the first five fields. The purpose of this data set is to provide a publicly available, spatially-referenced record of known land use and disturbance within Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Nebraska. Information presented here can be used by a wide range of users for a variety of purposes such as evaluating current vegetation communities or soil characteristics in an area. Areas containing structures are assumed to have a high level of disturbance. These areas may or may not have been excavated. Available information indicates that sometimes intense grazing by domestic cattle and sheep occurred throughout the area now encompassed by the park boundary before (and sometimes after) park acquisition. Other than this general statement, detailed information regarding the timing and location of this grazing was not available. Therefore, we do not document it in the database other than here. 1850 20180301 publication date Complete None planned -103.797058662 -103.692508877 42.436653609 42.407937881 ISO 19115 Topic Category farming structure transportation USGS Thesaurus maps and atlases agricultural sites grasslands parks USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5bbfbf25e4b0fc368eb53669 Common geographic areas Nebraska None Sioux County None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the data set's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Amy Symstad Research Ecologist mailing address

8711 37Th Street SE

Jamestown ND 58401 United States 605-745-1191 605-745-1162 asymstad@usgs.gov James Hill, National Park Service; Alvis Mar, National Park Service; William Matthews, National Park Service; Robert Manasek, National Park Service; Heather Baldwin, U.S. Geological Survey; Mary Rozmajzl, National Park Service; Catherine Carlisle, Bureau of Land Management; Reese Hirth, National Park Service; Funding was provided by the National Park Service Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft [Unknown] Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.5.1 (Build 7333) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Attributes presented in this data set were generated from creditable sources and are believed to be correct and accurate. Appropriate National Park Service staff reviewed drafts of the data set to ensure correctness and accuracy based on the best available information. Data have been reviewed by the data originators, a peer independent from the data originators, and by National Park Service staff to ensure completeness and consistency in data values and fields. A formal topology test was performed to ensure the individual polygon areas do not overlap and area acreages are correct. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract and supplemental information. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set was conducted by the appropriate National Park Service staff and through a standard U.S. Geological Survey data review process. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable. James Hill, National Park Service 20180119 Other Oral Communication James Hill, National Park Service Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 20180119 publication date Source Input 1 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. William Matthews, National Park Service 20180305 Other Oral Communication William Matthews, National Park Service Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 20180305 publication date Source Input 2 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. Robert Manasek, National Park Service 20180302 Other Oral Communication Robert Manasek, National Park Service Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 20180302 publication date Source Input 3 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, Aerial Photography Field Office 20140926 Raster Digital Data (Aerial Imagery) Salt Lake City, Utah U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, Aerial Photography Field Office Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 20140706 observed Source Input 4 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, Aerial Photography Field Office 2005 Raster Digital Data (Aerial Imagery) Salt Lake City, Utah U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, Aerial Photography Field Office Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 2005 observed Source Input 5 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. AGFO Ranger Activities, National Park Service 20000209 Other Email Communication AGFO Ranger Activities, National Park Service Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 20000209 publication date Source Input 6 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. John R. Bozell 2004 Other Lincoln, Nebraska Midwest Archeological Center, National Park Service doi:10.6067/XCV8W095N0 Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 2004 publication date Source Input 7 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. National Park Service 2018 Other Online National Park Service https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/R_A_12001126.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 2013 publication date Source Input 8 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. National Park Service 2018 Other Online National Park Service https://hscl.cr.nps.gov/insidenps/summary.asp Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 2018 publication date Source Input 9 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. National Park Service 1977 Other Online National Park Service https://npgallery.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/77000156.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 1976 publication date Source Input 10 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. Gail Evans-Hatch 2008 Other Lincoln, Nebraska Midwest Archeological Center, National Park Service Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1850 2008 publication date Source Input 11 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. R.M. Hunt Jr., National Park Service 1984 Other Online University of Nebraska State Museum Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1904 1925 publication date Source Input 12 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. U.S Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service 1954 Photographic Print Salt Lake City, Utah U.S Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 1954 observed Source Input 13 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. National Park Service and Others 20160831 Other Online National Park Service https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2237271 Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 20160831 publication date Source Input 14 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. National Park Service 20120406 Other Unknown National Park Service Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources 20120406 publication date Source Input 15 Source information used in support of the development of the data set. Research, review, and compile all available information for land use and disturbance within the present park boundary. Information was gathered through a variety of sources including but not limited to communication with National Park Service staff, historical documents, patent records, online information searches, high resolution aerial imagery, historic photographs, and spatial data repositories. 2018 Create unique polygon areas for each land use or disturbance type. Polygons were digitized using ESRI Arc Map 10.5.1 in conjunction with USDA/Natural Resource Conservation Service NAIP orthoimagery. Polygons were digitized at a map scale appropriate for the land use or disturbance type. Polygons were digitized using NAIP aerial imagery alone, in some cases, or in conjunction with georeferenced figures or historical aerial imagery. Some polygons, such as roads or trails, were created using a single line feature buffered by a reasonable distance based on the disturbance type. Some polygons were created with a single point feature buffered by a reasonable distance based on the disturbance type. 2018 Topology was conducted to ensure polygons were not overlapping. 2018 QA/QC was performed on polygon locations and attribute field information. 2018 Vector G-polygon 21 Universal Transverse Mercator 13 0.9996 -105.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 Meter D_North_American_1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined Area_Number Unique identification number created by data originator. Producer defined Unknown Acres Spatial extent of the area in acres. Producer defined Unknown Percent_of_Park Percentage of the park the area encompasses. Producer defined Unknown Disturbance_Type Type or types of disturbance associated with area. Producer defined Unknown Cultivation Is there evidence of cultivation in the area? Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} A null value does not guarantee the area has not been cultivated, only that we found no information indicating that it was cultivated currently or in the past. Producer defined Yes 'Yes' indicates documented proof of cultivation. Producer defined Cultivation_Description Description of cultivation in the area. Producer defined Unknown Cultivation_Date Last known date of cultivation or estimated last known date of cultivation. Producer defined Unknown Cultivation_Date_Explanation Confidence level of cultivation or a justification of the estimated Cultivation_Date. 'Certain' indicates Cultivation_Date was derived from a verified source with a high level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Cultivation_Area_Confidence Confidence level in the Cultivation_Area boundary. 'Certain' indicates a high level of confidence. 'Somewhat Certain' indicates a moderate level of confidence. 'Assumed' indicates a low level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Cultivation_References Source references for Cultivation_Description, Cultivation_Date, Cultivation_Date_Explanation, and Cultivation_Area_Confidence. Producer defined Unknown Structures Is there evidence of structures in the area? Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} A null value does not guarantee the area has never contained structures, only that we found no information indicating the existence of structures currently or in the past. Producer defined Yes 'Yes' indicates documented proof of structures. Producer defined Structures_Description Description of structures in the area. Producer defined Unknown Structures_Date Last known date of structures or estimated last known date of structures. Producer defined Unknown Structures_Date_Explanation Confidence level of structures or a justification of the estimated Structures_Date. 'Certain' indicates Structures_Date was derived from a verified source with a high level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Structures_Area_Confidence Confidence level in the Structures_Area location and boundaries. 'Certain' indicates a high level of confidence. 'Somewhat Certain' indicates a moderate level of confidence. 'Assumed' indicates a low level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Structures_References Source references for Structures_Description, Structures_Date, Structures_Date_Explanation, and Structures_Area_Confidence. Producer defined Unknown Excavation Is there evidence of excavation in the area? Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} A null value does not guarantee the area has not been excavated, only that we found no information indicating the existence of excavation currently or in the past. Producer defined Yes 'Yes' indicates documented proof of excavation. Producer defined Excavation_Description Description of excavation in the area. Producer defined Unknown Excavation_Date Last known date of excavation or estimated last known date of excavation. Producer defined Unknown Excavation_Date_Explanation Confidence level of excavation or a justification of the estimated Excavation_Date. 'Certain' indicates Excavation_Date was derived from a verified source with a high level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Excavation_Area_Confidence Confidence level in the Excavation_Area location and boundaries. 'Certain' indicates a high level of confidence. 'Somewhat Certain' indicates a moderate level of confidence. 'Assumed' indicates a low level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Excavation_References Source references for Excavation_Description, Excavation_Date, Excavation_Date_Explanation, and Excavation_Area_Confidence. Producer defined Unknown Seeding Is there evidence of seeding in the area? Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} A null value does not guarantee the area has not been seeded, only that we found no information indicating that seeding was done in the area. Producer defined Yes 'Yes' indicates documented proof of seeding. Producer defined Seeding_Description Description of seeding in the area. Producer defined Unknown Seeding_Date Last known date of seeding or estimated last known date of seeding. Producer defined Unknown Seeding_Date_Explanation Confidence level of seeding or a justification of the estimated Seeding_Date. 'Certain' indicates Seeding_Date was derived from a verified source with a high level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Seeding_Area_Confidence Confidence level in the Seeding_Area location and boundaries. 'Certain' indicates a high level of confidence. 'Somewhat Certain' indicates a moderate level of confidence. 'Assumed' indicates a low level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Seeding_References Source references for Seeding_Description, Seeding_Date, Seeding_Date_Explanation, and Seeding_Area_Confidence. Producer defined Unknown Grazing Is there evidence of grazing by domestic livestock or managed wildlife (bison and/or elk) in the area? Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} A null value does not guarantee the area has not been grazed by these species in the time of this dataset (since 1850), nor that other herbivores have not consumed vegetation in the area. Producer defined Grazing_Description Description of grazing in the area. Producer defined Unknown Grazing_Date Last known date of grazing or estimated last known date of grazing. Producer defined Unknown Grazing_Date_Explanation Confidence level of grazing or a justification of the estimated Grazing_Date. 'Certain' indicates Grazing_Date was derived from a verified source with a high level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Grazing_Area_Confidence Confidence level in the Grazing_Area location and boundaries. 'Certain' indicates a high level of confidence. 'Somewhat Certain' indicates a moderate level of confidence. 'Assumed' indicates a low level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Grazing_References Source references for Grazing_Description, Grazing_Date, Grazing_Date_Explanation, and Grazing_Area_Confidence. Producer defined Unknown Other_Disturbance Is there evidence of a disturbance type other than those previously described in the area? Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} A null value does not guarantee the area has not had some type of disturbance, only that we found no information indicating other disturbances in this area. Producer defined Yes 'Yes' indicates documented proof of other disturbance. Producer defined Other_Disturbance_Description Description of other disturbance. Producer defined Unknown Other_Disturbance_Date Last known date of other disturbance or estimated last known date of other disturbance. Producer defined Unknown Other_Disturbance_Date_Explanation Confidence level of other disturbance or a justification of the estimated Other_Disturbance_Date. 'Certain' indicates Other_Disturbance_Date was derived from a verified source with a high level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Other_Disturbance_Area_Confidence Confidence level in the Other_Disturbance_Area location and boundaries. 'Certain' indicates a high level of confidence. 'Somewhat Certain' indicates a moderate level of confidence. 'Assumed' indicates a low level of confidence. Producer defined Unknown Other_Disturbance_References Source references for Other_Disturbance_Description, Other_Disturbance_Date, Other_Disturbance_Date_Explanation, and Other_Distubance_Area_Confidence. Producer defined Unknown PUBLICDISPLAY Is the feature available for public distribution, consumption by a public facing system or service, and display on a public interface? National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Public Map Display The feature is available for public distribution, consumption, and display. Producer defined DATAACCESS The extent of permitted access to the feature geometry and associated attributes. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unrestricted There are no access restrictions. Producer defined UNITCODE National Park Service (NPS) alphabetic code (4-characters) of the NPS organizational unit. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown UNITNAME Full name of the NPS organizational unit. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown GROUPCODE An NPS unit that administers the unit identified in the UNITCODE. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown GROUPNAME Full name of the NPS organizational unit identified in GROUPCODE. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown REGIONCODE The alpha code of the NPS Region. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown ORIGINATOR The institution that originally created the feature. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown CREATEDATE Date the feature was initially created. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown CREATEUSER The person who initially created the feature. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown EDITDATE Date the feature was last edited. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown EDITUSER The person who last edited the feature. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown MAPMETHOD How the geospatial feature was derived. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown MAPSOURCE Source from which the feature was derived. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown SOURCEDATE The date of the source material. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown XYACCURACY An estimate of the measurement error in the horizontal. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown GEOMETRYID A unique identifier for the feature geometry controlled by the user. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown NOTES Notes or remarks regarding unusual or important aspects of the data. National Park Service Core Spatial Data Standards Unknown Shape_Length Length of feature in internal units. Esri 223.91049317781 43145.2411264471 Shape_Area Area of feature in internal units squared. Esri 3062.46182522351 213167.730931613 The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set. The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Mailing and Physical

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Denver Colorado 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Distributor assumes no liability for misuse of data. Vector Digital Data Set (Polygon) https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YBJA1G None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the data set. 20200825 Amy Symstad U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Research Ecologist mailing address

8711 37Th Street SE

Jamestown ND 58401 United States 605-745-1191 605-745-1162 asymstad@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998