Elizabeth N. Heal Timothy H. Diehl 20220915 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GY1UF4 Elizabeth N. Heal Timothy H. Diehl Jerry W. Garrett 2022 publication U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1073, 27 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221073 Reelfoot Lake, in northwestern Tennessee and southwestern Kentucky, is home to a Federal wildlife refuge, a State wildlife-management area, and to a tourism industry that is based on hunting, fishing, birding, and the area’s unique cultural history. In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, began a series of hydrologic investigations to support the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in managing lake level. The objective was to develop operational models that preserved the historic patterns of variability that had characterized the lake for the past 60 years while meeting seasonal water-level targets (Heal and others, 2022). Preliminary models for gate operations at the new outlet control structure for Reelfoot Lake were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey using calibrated ratings of the lift gates. In 2018, the old structure at the outlet of Reelfoot Lake was buried and lake level control was transferred to a new structure. The transition from lake-level management of the old control structure to the new control structure was documented using historical lake level and discharge measurements and records of stop-log management from March 7, 2013, to August 12, 2018. Discharge into Running Reelfoot Bayou was determined using a standard stage-discharge rating curve. Discharge measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler was used to calibrate gate-discharge equations for free and submerged orifice flow at the new structure (Heal and others, 2022). Two lake operation models, one for the summer season and another for the winter season, are provided for the new structure based on data from this period. The summer operation model is based on operation of the gates once the lake level exceeds an elevation of 282.7 feet (ft) above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Free flow begins when lake level reaches 282.3 ft above NAVD 88 and becomes transitional once the lake level exceeds 282.8 ft above NAVD 88. Submerged flow begins once the lake level reaches 283 ft above NAVD 88 and the tail-water depth is above critical flow depth. The winter operation model is based on operation of the gates once the lake level exceeds 283.2 ft above NAVD 88. Submerged flow begins when the lake rises to an elevation of 283.5 ft above NAVD 88 and the tail-water depth is above critical flow depth (Heal and others, 2022). Reference: Heal, E.N., Diehl, T.H., and Garrett, J.W., 2022, Preliminary models relating lake level gate operation and discharge at Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1073, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221073. This data release contains the summer and winter gate operation models, gate operation and testing data, weir leakage data, stop log operation data for the old control structure, and the R scripts and data used to generate the figures in the accompanying report by Heal and others (2022). 20130307 20210827 ground condition Complete None planned -89.5065 -89.2760 36.5355 36.2312 USGS Thesaurus stream discharge mathematical modeling hydrology streamflow stream-gage measurement acoustic doppler current profiling USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5b770875e4b0f5d578820273 Common geographic areas Tennessee Obion Lake Kentucky Fulton None. Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This dataset may be redistributed if it is not edited and is properly referenced. Although USGS intends to make this server available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, timely delivery of data and products from this server through the Internet is not guaranteed. Elizabeth N Heal U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Hydrologist mailing address

1289 Mcdaniel Drive

Dover DE 19901 US 443-498-5500 eheal@usgs.gov No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable. G.M. Tillis E.D. Swain 1998 publication https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri984007 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1994 1998 publication date Tillis and Swain, 1998 Free and submerged orifice flow equations. U.S. Geological Survey 2022 application/service Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 20130307 20210827 publication date NWIS This USGS application contains the discharge, stage, and field measurement data used to develop the summer and winter gate operation models. Discharge through the old structure was characterized as a function of lake level and the number of stop logs in place on the crest of the spillway through the examination of recorded lake levels, discharge in Running Reelfoot Bayou calculated using the standard stage-discharge method, and USFWS records of the placement and removal of stop logs collected from March 7, 2013, to August 12, 2018. Discharge through the new structure was defined using gate opening and discharge measurements obtained from site visits, recorded water levels for Reelfoot Lake and Running Reelfoot Bayou, and gate operation data from the USFWS and incremental encoders (Heal and others, 2022; NWIS). Discharge coefficients were calculated using free and submerged weir and orifice flow equations (Tillis and Swain, 1998). Tillis and Swain, 1998 NWIS 2019 Vector G-polygon 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 16 0.9996 -87.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 Table_5_Preliminary_Summer_Gate_Operation_Model.csv Gate operation model for the summer season. Producer Defined Lake Level Sum of recorded lake stage and gage datum (stage + 270.11), in ft Producer Defined 282.0 286.0 feet Target Discharge, ft3/s Total desired discharge based on lake elevation, in cubic feet per second (ft3/s) Producer Defined 0 2345 ft3/s Weir Discharge, ft3/s Discharge over stop-log weirs, in ft3/s Producer Defined 0 1357 ft3/s Flow Conditions Condition of flow on downstream side of the control structure Producer Defined no flow Gates are closed and there is no flow passing over the stop-log weirs. Producer defined free orifice flow Flow is cascading freely over the weirs and/or through the gate openings. Producer defined transitional range Flow is switching between free and submerged conditions. Producer defined submerged orifice flow The tailwater elevation rises above the critical flow depth on the weir crest and/or the gates are open and the tailwater depth is above the critical flow depth on the apron. Producer defined possible transitional range Flow may be alternating between free and submerged flow. Producer defined Target Gate Discharge, ft3/s Discharge through the lift gates, in ft3/s Producer Defined 0 1130 ft3/s Initial Trial Gate Opening, ft Gate opening, in ft Producer Defined 0.0 5.67 ft Target Downstream Water Level with No Backwater Desired downstream water level, in ft Producer Defined 268.5 285.29 ft Table_6_Preliminary_Winter_Gate_Operation_Model.csv Gate operation model for the winter season. Producer Defined Lake Level Sum of recorded lake stage and gage datum (stage + 270.11), in ft Producer Defined 282.0 286.0 ft Target Discharge, ft3/s Total desired discharge based on lake elevation, in ft3/s Producer Defined 0 2345 ft3/s Weir Discharge, ft3/s Discharge over stop-log weirs, in ft3/s Producer Defined 0 1357 ft3/s Flow Conditions Condition of flow on downstream side of the control structure Producer Defined no flow Gates are closed and there is no flow passing over the stop-log weirs. Producer defined free orifice flow Flow is cascading freely over the weirs and/or through the gate openings. Producer defined possibly transitional Flow may be alternating between free and submerged flow. Producer defined submerged orifice flow The tailwater elevation rises above the critical flow depth on the weir crest and/or the gates are open and the tailwater depth is above the critical flow depth on the apron. Producer defined Target Gate Discharge, ft3/s Discharge through the lift gates, in ft3/s Producer Defined 0 1130 ft3/s Initial Trial Gate Opening, ft Gate opening, in ft Producer Defined 0.0 5.67 ft Target Downstream Water Level with No Backwater Desired downstream water elevation, in ft Producer Defined 268.5 285.29 ft Reelfoot_gate_operations.csv This file contains gate operation logs for the new control structure reported by the USFWS and incremental encoders for the time period of November 6, 2018 through August 27, 2021. Producer Defined Date Date of gate operation (reported by USFWS) Producer Defined 11/6/2018 8/27/2021 Time Open Time of gate opening (reported by USFWS) Producer Defined --- No Data or Not Applicable Producer defined 4:30:00 AM 9:15:00 PM Time Closed Time of gate closing (reported by USFWS) Producer Defined --- No Data or Not Applicable Producer defined 6:40:00 AM 8:15:00 PM Gate Number ID number of gate opened/closed Producer Defined 3,4 Gates 3 and 4 Producer Defined Gate Opening Gate opening for gates specified in "Gate Number" column, in ft Producer Defined --- No Data or Not Applicable Producer defined 0.0 11.8 ft Gate 3 Opening (from encoder) Gate 3 opening logged by incremental encoder, in ft Producer Defined --- No Data or Not Applicable Producer defined -0.03 7.44 ft Gate 4 Opening (from encoder) Gate 4 opening logged by incremental encoder, in ft Producer Defined --- No Data or Not Applicable Producer defined -0.01 6.95 ft Note Supplemental description of gate operation or flow condition Producer Defined <<empty cell>> No Data or Not Applicable Producer defined Supplemental description of gate operation or flow condition gate_weir_leakage_20181024.csv This file contains leakage measurements at the new control structure taken on October 24, 2018. Producer Defined elevation of tapedown measurement point Elevation of measurement point, in ft Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 293.4 293.4 ft top elevation of weir Top elevation of weir, in ft Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 282.2 282.2 ft length of weight Length of weight, in ft Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 1 1 ft Area (ft2) Area, in square feet (ft2), defined as the area between the gate and the weir (19.283 ft x 20 ft) Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 396.46 396.46 ft2 Gate/Weir # Number of gate/weir Producer Defined 1 6 Time Time of measurement Producer Defined --- No data Producer defined 11:49:00 AM 2:27:00 PM Measurement (ft) Measurement, in ft Producer Defined 10.65 18.15 ft Adjusted (ft) Adjusted measurement, in ft, calculated by adding the values of "Measurement" and "length of weight" Producer Defined 11.65 19.15 ft water level elevation (ft) Water level elevation, in ft, calculated by subtracting the value of "Adjusted" from 293.4 ft, which is the elevation of the tapedown measurement point Producer Defined 274.25 281.75 ft water level (ft) Water level, in ft, calculated by subtracting the sill elevation of 274.25 ft from the value of "water level elevation (ft)" Producer Defined 0 7.5 ft Water Volume in Cell (ft3) Volume of water in cell, in ft3, calculated by multiplying the value of "Area (ft2)" by "water level (ft)" Producer Defined --- No data Producer defined 3.96 2973.45 ft3 Change in Volume (ft3) Change in volume, in ft3 Producer Defined --- No data Producer defined -130.83 531.2564 ft3 time (min) Time, in minutes Producer Defined --- No data Producer defined 0 37 minutes time (s) Time, in seconds Producer Defined --- No data Producer defined 0 2220 seconds Discharge (ft3/s) Discharge, in ft3/s Producer Defined --- No data Producer defined -0.05893324 3.76637 ft3/s Note Measurement comments Producer Defined Measurement comments gate_testing_20181024.csv This file provides the gate testing measurements at the new control structure for October 24, 2018. Producer Defined Start Time Start time Producer Defined 11:02 14:31 Finish Time Finish time Producer Defined 11:37 14:47 Actual Gate Opening Gate opening, in ft Producer Defined 0.0 1.63 ft Actual Stick Measurement Stick measurement, in ft Producer Defined 5.99 7.62 ft Mean Gage Height (RRB) Mean gage height of Running Reelfoot Bayou, in ft Producer Defined -1.55 0.83 ft Q (measured discharge) Measured discharge, in ft3/s Producer Defined 4.54 412.0 ft3/s Note Measurement comments Producer Defined Measurement comments gate_testing_20181003.csv This file provides the gate testing measurements at the new control structure for October 3, 2018. Producer Defined Start Time Start time Producer Defined --- NA Producer defined 1:10 5:39 Finish Time Finish time Producer Defined --- NA Producer defined 1:25 5:48 Actual Gate Opening Gate opening, in ft Producer Defined 0.0 2.95 ft Actual Stick Measurement Stick measurement, in ft Producer Defined --- NA Producer defined 4.68 7.63 ft Mean Gage Height (RRB) Mean gage height of Running Reelfoot Bayou, in ft Producer Defined --- NA Producer defined -0.6 2.9 ft Q (Measured Discharge) Measured discharge, in ft3/s Producer Defined 0 721 ft3/s Observed Flow Condition Observed flow condition after gate operation Producer Defined --- NA Producer defined free free flow Producer defined Note Measurement notes Producer Defined --- NA Producer defined Measurement notes Fig_12_Estimated_Ratings_at_Old_Structure.csv This CSV file contains the data used to generate Figure 12 of the accompanying report by Heal and others (2022). Producer Defined CST date time Date and time, in CST https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 3/7/2013 14:00 8/12/2018 4:00 lake level Reelfoot Lake level (site 07027000), in ft https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis <<empty cell>> No data Producer defined 280.85 287.0 ft RRB Q Discharge in Running Reelfoot Bayou (site 07027005), in ft3/s https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis <<empty cell>> No data Producer defined 0.01 1918.323215 ft3/s Q1 Rated discharge curve #1, in ft3/s Producer Defined <<empty cell>> NA Producer defined 0 46.14758932 ft3/s Q4 Rated discharge curve #4, in ft3/s Producer Defined <<empty cell>> NA Producer defined 1400 2695 ft3/s Q3 Rated discharge curve #3, in ft3/s Producer Defined <<empty cell>> NA Producer defined 592.8912 1305.250934 ft3/s Q2 Rated discharge curve #2, in ft3/s Producer Defined <<empty cell>> NA Producer defined 82.15838 741.1140263 ft3/s Fig_13_Nominal_Summer_Operations.csv This CSV file contains the data used to generate Figure 13 of the accompanying report by Heal and others (2022). Producer Defined CST date time Date and time, in CST https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 4/14/2013 23:00 8/12/2018 4:00 lake level Reelfoot Lake level (site 07027000), in ft https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 280.99 287.0 ft Summer Discharge Summer discharge, in ft3/s https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 0.01 1650.392349 ft3/s Summer Operations Nominal discharge, in ft3/s Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 1.264911064 2695.0 ft3/s Fig_14_Nominal_Winter_Operations.csv This CSV file contains the data used to generate Figure 14 of the accompanying report by Heal and others (2022). Producer Defined Date Time (CST) Date and time, in CST https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 3/7/2013 14:00 4/14/2018 22:00 Lake Level Reelfoot Lake level (site 07027000), in ft https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis 280.85 287.0 ft Winter Discharge Winter discharge, in ft3/s https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 0.2516792 1918.323215 ft3/s Winter Operations Nominal discharge, in ft3/s Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 1.264911064 2695.0 ft3/s Fig_15_Lake_Level_vs_Discharge_20_logs_on_Sill_2013_2016.csv This file contains the data used to generate Figure 15 in the accompanying report by Heal and others (2022). Reelfoot lake levels in which 20 stop logs were reported to be in place on the old control structure are paired with corresponding discharge measurements. These discharge values are modeled discharges based on tailwater ratings and may differ from values found on NWIS. Producer Defined Date Time (CST) Date and time, in CST https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 4/19/2013 23:00 4/19/2016 10:00 Lake Level Reelfoot Lake level (site 07027000), in ft https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis <<empty cell>> NA Producer defined 281 283.78 ft 20 Logs Reported Resting on the Sill, Winter Winter discharge, in ft3/s, with 20 logs reported resting on sill Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 8.784559098 1459.796564 ft3/s 20 Logs Reported Resting on the Sill, Summer Summer discharge, in ft3/s, with 20 logs reported resting on sill Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 7.359989357 1298.732902 ft3/s Q1 Rated discharge curve #1, in ft3/s Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 0.0 46.14758932 ft3/s Q2 Rated discharge curve #2, in ft3/s Producer Defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 82.15838363 741.1140263 ft3/s Fig_16_Lake_Level_vs_Discharge_0_logs_on_Sill_2013_2016.csv This file contains the data used to generate Figure 16 in the accompanying report by Heal and others (2022). Reelfoot lake levels in which there were no stop logs in place on the old control structure are paired with corresponding discharge measurements. These discharge values are modeled discharges based on tailwater ratings and may differ from values found on NWIS. Producer Defined Date Time (CST) Date and time, in CST https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 4/29/2013 2:00 1/20/2016 12:00 Lake Level Sum of recorded lake stage and gage datum (stage + 270.11), in ft Producer Defined 282.26 287.0 ft 0 Logs Reported Resting on the Sill, Winter Winter discharge, in ft3/s, with 0 logs reported resting on sill https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 481.3676852 1550.945663 ft3/s 0 Logs Reported Resting on the Sill, Summer Summer discharge, in ft3/s, with 0 logs reported resting on sill https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 109.918103 1287.05207 ft3/s Q3 Rated discharge curve #3, in ft3/s Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 592.8912211 1305.250934 ft3/s Q4 Rated discharge curve #4, in ft3/s Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 1400 2695 ft3/s Fig_17_Lake_Level_vs_Discharge_10_logs_on_Sill_2013_2016.csv This file contains the data used to generate Figure 17 in the accompanying report by Heal and others (2022). Reelfoot lake levels in which 10 stop logs were reported to be in place on the old control structure are paired with corresponding discharge measurements. These discharge values are modeled discharges based on tailwater ratings and may differ from values found on NWIS. Producer Defined CST Date and time, in CST https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis 6/12/2013 2:00 6/10/2014 1:00 lake stage 10 logs in Sum of recorded lake stage and gage datum (stage + 270.11), in ft https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis 282.28 283.67 ft 10 Logs Reported Resting on the Sill, Winter Winter discharge, in ft3/s, with 10 logs reported resting on sill Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 559.2272864 1181.511747 ft3/s 10 Logs Reported Resting on the Sill, Summer Summer discharge, in ft3/s, with 10 logs reported resting on sill Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 472.7709959 801.7867262 ft3/s Fig_18_Annual_Growing_Season_Lake_Levels.csv This CSV file contains the data used to generate Figure 18 of the accompanying report by Heal and others (2022). Producer Defined Year Year Producer Defined 1941 2016 Month Month Producer Defined 4 11 Day Day Producer Defined 1 30 Day of Year Day of year Producer Defined 106 316 Growing Season Maximum Lake Level Sum of lake stage and gage datum (stage + 270.11), in ft https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis <<empty cell>> No data Producer defined 281.46 285.82 ft Annual Maximum Lake Level Sum of lake stage and gage datum (stage + 270.11), in ft https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis <<empty cell>> No data Producer defined 281.46 285.82 ft Fig_19_R_script.zip This zip folder contains the R script and the associated input and output files for Figure 19 of the report by Heal and others (2022). Producer Defined Fig_20_R_script.zip This zip folder contains the R script and the associated input and output files for Figure 20 of the report by Heal and others (2022). Producer Defined Fig_21_R_script.zip This zip folder contains the R script and the associated input and output files for Figure 21 of the report by Heal and others (2022). Producer Defined Fig_22_23_R_script.zip This zip folder contains the R script and the associated input and output files for Figures 22 and 23 of the report by Heal and others (2022). Producer Defined Stop_log_operation_old_control_structure.csv This file contains the stop log operations recorded by the USFWS for the old control structure from April 29, 2013 through April 15, 2016. USFWS Date Date of stop log operation USFWS 4/29/2013 4/15/2016 Action Stop log operation USFWS Opened all 20 gates 0 stop logs in place USFWS Closed all 20 gates 20 stop logs in place USFWS Closed 10 gates 10 logs in place USFWS Closed remaining 10 gates 20 logs in place USFWS Opened 10 gates 10 logs in place USFWS The data and R scripts provided in this data release accompany the report by Heal and others (2022). Heal., E.N., Diehl, T.H., and Garrett, J.W., 2022, Preliminary Models Relating Lake Level Gate Operation and Discharge at Reelfoot Lake—Tennessee and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, https://... U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GY1UF4 None 20220915 Elizabeth N Heal U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Hydrologist mailing address

1289 Mcdaniel Drive

Dover DE 19901 US 443-498-5500 eheal@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998