<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<metadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Petersen, Mark D.</origin>
        <origin>Harmsen, Stephen C.</origin>
        <origin>Jaiswal, Kishor S.</origin>
        <origin>Rukstales, Kenneth S.</origin>
        <origin>Luco, Nicolas</origin>
        <origin>Haller, Kathleen M.</origin>
        <origin>Mueller, Charles S.</origin>
        <origin>Shumway, Allison M.</origin>
        <pubdate>201807</pubdate>
        <title>1c) Source models for South America: Seismicity catalogs</title>
        <geoform>fixed format data files</geoform>
        <othercit>Digital geospatial data and supporting metadata can be downloaded from:
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WM1BK1</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WM1BK1</onlink>
        <lworkcit>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Petersen, Mark D.</origin>
            <origin>Harmsen, Stephen C.</origin>
            <origin>Jaiswal, Kishor S.</origin>
            <origin>Rukstales, Kenneth S.</origin>
            <origin>Luco, Nicolas</origin>
            <origin>Haller, Kathleen M.</origin>
            <origin>Mueller, Charles S.</origin>
            <origin>Shumway, Allison M.</origin>
            <pubdate>201707</pubdate>
            <title>Seismic Hazard, Risk, and Design for South America</title>
            <geoform>publication</geoform>
            <serinfo>
              <sername>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</sername>
              <issue>Volume 108, Number 2, p. 781-800</issue>
            </serinfo>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>Albany, CA</pubplace>
              <publish>Seismological Society of America</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170002</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </lworkcit>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>A seismic hazard model for South America, based on a smoothed (gridded) seismicity model, a subduction model, a crustal fault model, and a ground motion model, has been produced by the U.S. Geological Survey.  These models are combined to account for ground shaking from earthquakes on known faults as well as earthquakes on un-modeled faults.
This data set represents the seismicity catalogs used in the 2017 USGS seismic hazard model for South America.</abstract>
      <purpose>These data summarize the available quantitative information about subduction zones for South America.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <sngdate>
          <caldate>2017</caldate>
        </sngdate>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>publication date</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-96.969</westbc>
        <eastbc>-26.039</eastbc>
        <northbc>20.098</northbc>
        <southbc>-69.099</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>none</themekt>
        <themekey>Seismic</themekey>
        <themekey>Earthquake</themekey>
        <themekey>Hazard</themekey>
        <themekey>Risk</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:5b6dcc4ce4b0f5d57876ab04</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>http://geonames.usgs.gov/</placekt>
        <placekey>Argentina</placekey>
        <placekey>Bolivia</placekey>
        <placekey>Brazil</placekey>
        <placekey>Chile</placekey>
        <placekey>Colombia</placekey>
        <placekey>Ecuador</placekey>
        <placekey>French Guiana</placekey>
        <placekey>Guyana</placekey>
        <placekey>Panama</placekey>
        <placekey>Paraguay</placekey>
        <placekey>Peru</placekey>
        <placekey>Suriname</placekey>
        <placekey>Trinidad and Tobago</placekey>
        <placekey>Uruguay</placekey>
        <placekey>Venezuela</placekey>
        <placekey>South America</placekey>
      </place>
      <temporal>
        <tempkt>none</tempkt>
        <tempkey>2017</tempkey>
      </temporal>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None</accconst>
    <useconst>Acknowledgment of  the U.S. Geological Survey, National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project would be appreciated in products derived from these data.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Ken Rukstales</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey - Geologic Hazards Science Center</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Box 25046, MS 966</address>
          <city>Denver</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80225</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>303-273-8677</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>rukstales@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <native>Microsoft Windows 7
Esri ArcGIS 10.3</native>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>This data set is part of a seismological model.  The following report provides information on quality assessment for the data set:
Petersen, M.D., Harmsen, S.C., Jaiswal, K.S., Rukstales, K.S., Luco, Nicolas, Haller, K.M., Mueller, C.S., and Shumway, A.M., 2017, Seismic Hazard, Risk, and Design for South America:  Bulletin of the Sesimological Society of America, Volume 108, Number 2, p. 781-800.</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>Duplicate events have been removed.</logic>
    <complete>Data are complete.  No features were generalized.  All features are attributed.</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>No features have been relocated from the original source catalog.</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>A uniform earthquake catalog is assembled by combining and winnowing pre-existing source catalogs.</procdesc>
        <procdate>2016</procdate>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Duplicate entries are identified within simple time and distance windows that we have developed by trial and error.</procdesc>
        <procdate>2016</procdate>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Declustering to identify aftershocks and foreshocks is a topic of ongoing research and debate, but most hazard codes (including the USGS codes) assume that catalogs are free of statistically dependent events. We use the distance- and time-windowing scheme of Gardner and Knopoff which is based on analysis of California data.</procdesc>
        <procdate>2016</procdate>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <geograph>
        <latres>0.0005</latres>
        <longres>0.0005</longres>
        <geogunit>Decimal degrees</geogunit>
      </geograph>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>D_WGS_1984</horizdn>
        <ellips>World Geodetic System 1984</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.257223563</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
  </spref>
  <eainfo>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>UniformCatalog.dat and DeclusteredCatalog.dat</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Seismicity catalogs used in the 2017 USGS seismic hazard model for South America.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>USGS</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
    </detailed>
    <overview>
      <eaover>The first line of the catalog is a header line listing all of the fields in the catalog
Records for two earthquakes illustrate the catalog format:
&gt;
4.05  -76.360  47.250  10 1965 11 07 20 57 41.8 0.240 4.05 1.165 NCE|mn,4.2D&amp;G
5.65  -77.930  37.940   6 2011 08 23 17 51 05.  0.100 5.63 1.027 SLU|wo,5.65
&gt;
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
&gt;
Field 1 lists Mw, fields 2 and 3 list longitude and latitude, and field 4 lists depth (km). Fields 5-10 list origin time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second; UTC). Fields 11-13 list sigma_m, Mwe, and N*.  The comment field (of arbitrary length) begins in column 66. The Mw in field 1 is the most natural or widely accepted value (in our judgment), whereas Mwe for rate calculations is listed in field 12.</eaover>
      <eadetcit>none</eadetcit>
    </overview>
  </eainfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase</cntorg>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>
          <city>Lakewood</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80215</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>sciencebase@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <resdesc>Downloadable geospatial data sets in fixed format data files.</resdesc>
    <distliab>Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also contains copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner whenever applicable. The data have been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although the data have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, the data are released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from authorized or unauthorized use. Although the data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Users of the data are advised to read all metadata and associated documentation thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>Shapefile</formname>
          <formvern>10.3</formvern>
          <formspec>ArcGIS version 10.3 shapefile format</formspec>
          <formcont>Seismicity catalogs used in the 2017 USGS seismic hazard model for South America</formcont>
          <filedec>Files need to be decompressed using winzip or similar utility</filedec>
          <transize>1.4</transize>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WM1BK1</networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>none</fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20260424</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey - Geologic Hazards Science Center</cntorg>
          <cntper>GHSC Data Steward</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Box 25046, MS 966</address>
          <city>Lakewood</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80225</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>303-273-8500</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>ghsc_metadata@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
    <mettc>local time</mettc>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
