Irene J. Fisher Patrick J. Phillips Kaitlyn M. Colella Shawn C. Fisher Tristen N. Tagliaferri William T. Foreman Edward T. Furlong 2018 Identical information in two formats: ASCII CSV (comma delimited; bacteria_data_release_file_Sx.csv [x=1-7, in bacteria_data_release_files_csv.zip]), and XLSX (MS-Excel 2013 file; each dataset is a workbook tab; bacteria_data_release_files.xlsx [TOC, Tables S1-S7]). Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H3F2FQ Onsite wastewater disposal systems (OWDS) in coastal regions of Long Island, New York, contribute bacteria, nutrients, and organic wastewater-associated compounds (including pharmaceuticals, personal care and domestic use products referred to here as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)) to downgradient shallow groundwater in nearshore settings. Many of the densely populated areas along the East Coast (i.e. Long Island, New York) are served by OWDS. Approximately 75 percent of Suffolk County, New York, residents rely on simple OWDS such as a series of cesspools (ground pits lined with cement blocks or rings without a sealed bottom) and septic systems. Cesspools provide minimal wastewater treatment, typically relying on bacteria to breakdown the solid waste while untreated water percolates into the sandy surficial aquifer. The high hydraulic conductivity of the sandy surficial aquifer of the New York coastal region makes these areas particularly vulnerable to organic wastewater contamination. Groundwater samples were collected from the shallow groundwater flow system along the shoreline of (1) a barrier island summer community and (2) the mainland of Long Island. Both locations are distinctive coastal communities in Suffolk County, NY, and typically rely on a simple OWDS system. The coastal communities selected are in areas inundated by the storm tide brought on by Hurricane Sandy and are considered vulnerable to extreme storms (i.e. hurricanes and nor’easters), flooding events, and sea-level rise; all of which can damage wastewater infrastructure and lead to biogeochemical changes that disrupt the level of onsite treatment and result in increased discharge of contaminants to estuaries through groundwater seepage. Specific locations were selected in areas along the shore that are within 180 m downgradient from OWDS and just above the reaches of the spring high-tide mark along the shoreline. For our study, beach areas without bulkheads (a retaining wall built for shoreline protection) were targeted due to the need to access areas downgradient of OWDS. Twenty-nine of the 103 pharmaceuticals measured were detected at least once at the NY sample locations. Other detected CECs include PCDUs (caffeine, nicotine, and metabolites), methyl-1<i>H</i>-benzotrizole (a corrosion inhibitor), and piperonyl butoxide (a pesticide synergist). Lidocaine, an over-the-counter topical anesthetic, was the most commonly detected pharmaceutical (35% of samples). Other commonly detected pharmaceuticals included fexofenadine (an over-the-counter antihistamine detected in 30% of samples), and carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant), desvenlafaxine (antidepressant), meprobamate (an anxiolytic), metformin (an antidiabetic), and tramadol (an opioid) each detected in 25% of the samples. Assess the occurrence of bacteria, nutrients, and emerging contaminants to groundwater near onsite systems in Long Island, New York. 20130901 20131201 ground condition Complete None planned -74.12 -71.7 41.25 40.5 USGS Thesaurus water quality environmental health None groundwater quality emerging contaminants USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5ad90b83e4b0e2c2dd27a898 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) United States Long Island New York none none Irene J. Fisher Northeast Region Hydrologist mailing and physical

2045 Route 112

Coram NY 11727 United States 631-736-0783 x117 ifisher@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ad90b83e4b0e2c2dd27a898?f=__disk__2a%2Fa2%2F1a%2F2aa21ac8a6f6e0c58d745097fa89c02044d9a141&width=580&height=443 Sample sites in Suffolk County, New York JPG Lab QA/QC methods No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Data compiled from lab reports 2018 Point 1.0E-5 1.0E-5 Decimal degrees NutrientsAndEmergingContaminants_data_release_file_TableOfContents.csv Table of Contents Producer defined List of tables included in this data release See column headings Producer defined See column headings NutrientsAndEmergingContaminants_data_release_file_Table1.csv Table 1. List of sites sampled in this study. (NWIS=National Water Inventory System). Producer defined List of sites sampled in this study See column headings Producer defined See column headings NutrientsAndEmergingContaminants_data_release_file_Table2.csv Table 2. List of analytical methods with references used for this study. [Methods with more than one citation are provided sequentially; na indicates not applicable]. Producer defined List of analytical methods with references used for this study See column headings Producer defined See column headings NutrientsAndEmergingContaminants_data_release_file_Table3.csv Table 3. List of compounds included in this study. Compounds in tables are arranged by method, parameter code, and then alphabetically. Methods described in Table 2. [NWIS=National Water Inventory System; na denotes not applicable; ng/L denotes nanograms per liter; mg/L as N denotes milligrams per liter as nitrogen; mg/L as P denotes milligrams per liter as phosphorus; MPN/100 ml denotes most probable number per 100 milliliters]. Producer defined List of compounds in this report for water samples, by method See column headings Producer defined See column headings NutrientsAndEmergingContaminants_data_release_file_Table4.csv Table 4. Concentrations of compounds analyzed in water using the SH2434 method. Concentrations are in nanograms per liter. Some reporting limits are raised due to matrix interference. ['Replicate' in Notes column indicates a replicate of a preceding sample for the same date; '<' indicates less than; 'dnq' indicates detected, but not quantified (concentration reported below method detection limit); Network and site information provided in Table 1. Description of analytical method provided in Table 2; List of compounds included in Table 3]. Producer defined Concentrations of compounds analyzed in water using the SH2434 method See column headings Producer defined See column headings NutrientsAndEmergingContaminants_data_release_file_Table5.csv Table 5. Concentrations of compounds analyzed in water using the SH2440 method. Concentrations are in nanograms per liter. Some reporting limits are raised due to matrix interference. ['Replicate' in Notes column indicates a replicate of a preceding sample for the same date; '-' indicates data not available; '<' indicates less than; 'dnq' indicates detected, but not quantified (concentration reported below method detection limit); Network and site information provided in Table 1. Description of analytical method provided in Table 2; List of compounds included in Table 3]. Producer defined Concentrations of compounds analyzed in water using the SH2440 method See column headings Producer defined See column headings NutrientsAndEmergingContaminants_data_release_file_Table6.csv Table 6. Concentrations of compounds analyzed in water using the NUT method. Concentrations are in milligrams per liter as nitrogen for all compounds but orthophosphate; Orthophosphate units are in milligrams per liter as phosphorus. ['Replicate' in Notes column indicates a replicate of a preceding sample for the same date; '<' indicates less than; Network and site information provided in Table 1. Description of analytical method provided in Table 2; List of compounds included in Table 3]. Producer defined Concentrations of compounds analyzed in water using the NUT method See column headings Producer defined See column headings NutrientsAndEmergingContaminants_data_release_file_Table7.csv Table 7. Concentrations of microbiological parameters analyzed in water samples using BACT method. Units are in most probably number per 100 milliliters. ['-' indicates data not available; '<' indicates less than; Blank indicates blank sample used for quality assurance purposes only; Network and site information provided in Table 1. Description of analytical method provided in Table 2; List of compounds included in Table 3]. Producer defined Concentrations of microbiological parameters analyzed in water samples using BACT method See column headings Producer defined See column headings U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H3F2FQ 20200825 Kristin S Linsey Northeast Region Hydrologist mailing and physical

425 Jordan Road

Troy NY 12180 United States 518-285-5636 kslinsey@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998