Gibbs, Ann E. Ohman, Karin A. Coppersmith, Ryan Richmond, Bruce M. 2017 data release 10.5066/F72Z13N1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz and Menlo Park, CA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/594837a3e4b062508e344435 Gibbs, Ann E. Ohman, Karin A. Coppersmith, Ryan Richmond, Bruce M. 2017 data release 10.5066/F72Z13N1 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1 This dataset includes shorelines from 63 years ranging from 1947 to 2010 for the north coast of Alaska between the Hulahula River and the Colville River. Shorelines were compiled from topographic survey sheets (T-sheets; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)), aerial orthophotographs (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Conoco-Philips (CP), British Petroleum Alaska (BPXA)), satellite imagery (State of Alaska), and lidar elevation data (USGS). Historical shoreline positions serve as easily understood features that can be used to describe the movement of beaches through time. These data are used to calculate rates of shoreline change for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project. Rates of long-term and short-term shoreline change were generated in a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistics. Transects are cast from the reference baseline to intersect each shoreline, establishing measurement points used to calculate shoreline change rates. The Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the United States, is home to remote Native American communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion along the north coast of Alaska is chronic, widespread, may be accelerating, and is threatening defense and energy-related infrastructure, natural shoreline habitats, and Native Alaskan communities. There is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes across the United States. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the USGS is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change project. There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. 1947 2010 ground condition Complete As needed -150.23310668 -144.13616023 70.5719734568 69.9576319675 North coast of Alaska between the Hulahula River and the Colville River USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:594837a3e4b062508e344435 None Shoreline Shoreline Change Digital Shoreline Analysis System DSAS U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans environment geoscientificInformation USGS Thesaurus coastal processes Data Categories for Marine Planning Habitat Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords shoreline accretion shoreline erosion Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) North Slope Beaufort Sea Staines River Sagavanirktok River Colville River Kuparuk River Harrison Bay Prudhoe Bay Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Canning River State of Alaska United States of America None Arctic ANWR None USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Ann E. Gibbs U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 USA 831-460-7540 831-427-4748 agibbs@usgs.gov CentralBeaufortExtent.jpg Map of the Central Beaufort subregion of the north coast of Alaska shoreline change assessment area. JPEG U.S. Geological Survey Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1 (Build 4959) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Gibbs, A.E. Richmond B.M. 2017 Open-File Report 2017-1107 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171107 Ann E. Gibbs Bruce M. Richmond 2015 Open-File Report 2015-1048 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048 E.R. Thieler E.A. Himmelstoss J.L. Zichichi A. Ergul 2009 Open-File Report 2008-1278 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Current version at time of use was 4.3 https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/version4/index.html https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/ The data provided here are a compilation of shorelines from multiple sources, spanning 63 years. The attributes are based on the requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software and have gone through a series of quality assurance procedures. Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were quality checked for accuracy. Any slight offsets between adjacent segments due to georeferencing and digitizing error are taken into account in the uncertainty calculations included in Gibbs and Richmond (2017). This shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments used to calculate shoreline change rates along sections of the north coast of Alaska, between the Hulahula River and the Colville River, where shoreline position data were available. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in these data, if any, are a consequence of non-existing data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards. Shoreline data have been acquired from 1947 to 2010, the horizontal accuracy of which varies with respect to data source from which the shorelines were digitized and the time period. Shorelines digitized from the 1980s era Alaska High Altitude Photography (AHAP) have an estimated shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 10 meters. Shorelines digitized from the 1940s and 1980s era T-sheets have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 16 meters. Shorelines digitized from 1997-2007 orthophotographs have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 3 or 4 meters. Shorelines generated from 2009-2010 lidar data have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 6 to 10 meters. Please visit the 'Estimation of Shoreline Position Uncertainty' section in Gibbs and Richmond (2017) for a complete explanation of the measurement uncertainties associated with these shorelines. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Unpublished material Raster Digital Data Set Digital Data (.tif) 19470723 19470729 ground condition at time data were collected T-sheets T-sheet imagery was used to delineate approximate Mean-High-Water (MHW) shoreline position Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Unpublished material Raster Digital Data Set Digital Data (.tif) 19790713 19820728 ground condition at time data were collected AHAP AHAP imagery was used to delineate an instantaneous land-water shoreline position British Petroleum - Alaska Unpublished material Vector Digital Data Set ESRI shapefile 1990724 20010830 ground condition at time data were collected BPXA vector shoreline BPXA vector shoreline imagery was used as an instantaneous land-water shoreline position British Petroleum - Alaska Unpublished material Raster Digital Data Set Digital Data (.tif) 20060724 20070704 ground condition at time data were collected BPXA orthoimagery BPXA orthoimagery was used to delineate an instantaneous land-water shoreline position Conoco-Phillips Unpublished material Raster Digital Data Set Digital Data (.tif) 20040701 20060701 ground condition at time data were collected ConocoPhillips orthoimagery ConocoPhillips orthoimagery was used to delineate an instantaneous land-water shoreline position U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Unpublished material Raster Digital Data Set Digital Data (.tif) 20030829 ground condition at time data were collected Quickbird Quickbird orthoimagery was used to delineate an instantaneous land-water shoreline position U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2012 Remote-Sensing Imagery and LAS elevation data online U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center https://lta.cr.usgs.gov/LIDAR Digital Data 20090902 20100803 ground condition at time data were collected Lidar DEMs Lidar DEMs were used to delineate an instantaneous land-water shoreline position Alaska Geospatial Council (AGC) 2017 Remote-Sensing Imagery online State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources http://gis.dnr.alaska.gov/ Digital Data 20090902 20100708 ground condition at time data were collected Best data layer The BDL was used to delineate an instantaneous land-water shoreline position T-sheets were geo-registered using Esri ArcMap software (v9.3) by placing 8-20 well-spaced ground control points (GCP) at gridline intersections and applying a third-order polynomial transformation. Some T-sheets may have required additional coordinate transformation information from NOAA to account for datum offsets between historical datums (USSD) and modern datums (NAD27 or NAD83). Datum transformations were applied to GCP coordinates prior to registration. Total root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the rectification process was maintained below 0.0001 degrees, which is approximately 11 m at this latitude. Typically the resulting RMSE was much lower than 0.0001 degree. 2009 T-sheet and Nautical chart derived shorelines were projected in Esri's ArcToolbox (v.9.3) Data Management Tools >; Projections and Transformations >; Feature >; Project. Parameters: input projection = geographic (NAD 83); output projection = UTM zone XN (NAD 83; where X is the corresponding UTM zone). 2010 Vector shorelines were digitized from all data sources using standard editing tools in ArcMap v9.3 or v10.3 using criteria described in Gibbs and Richmond(2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048). Quality assessments were performed, and shorelines were edited to remove any overlap between adjacent shorelines. 2016 Shorelines from all sources were merged in Esri's ArcToolbox; Data Management Tools > General > Merge to produce a single shoreline file for each UTM zone. The final shoreline dataset was coded with attribute fields Date_, Uncy, Default_D, Year_, Source, Source_a, and Shape_Leng. 2016 The appended shoreline file was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v10.3 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import (feature class) for use with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v4.3 software to perform rate calculations. 2016 The shoreline feature class was exported from the personal geodatabase back to a shapefile in Esri's ArcCatalog v10.3 by right-clicking on the shoreline file > Export > To Shapefile (single) for publication purposes. 2016 The data were projected in Esri's ArcToolbox v10.1 > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection = UTM zone XN (NAD83; where X is the corresponding UTM zone); output projection = geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983. 2016 Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. 20201019 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Vector String 991 0.0196106556 0.0558147069 Decimal seconds D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.0 298.257223563 Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined OBJECTID Unknown Producer defined 1 991 DATE_ Date of survey (MM/DD/YYYY), as indicated on source material from which shoreline position was digitized. A default date of 07/01 was assigned to shorelines where only the year was known (month and day unknown). Using July, the mid-point month of the calendar year, minimizes the potential offset to the actual shoreline date by a maximum of six months. Producer defined 07/01/1947 08/03/2010 Year_ Year of survey (YYYY) as indicated on source material from which shoreline position was digitized. U.S. Geological Survey 1947 2010 Uncy Total shoreline position uncertainty, in meters. Actual shoreline position is within the range of this value. The uncertainty was determined by equation 1 in Gibbs and Richmond (2017). U.S. Geological Survey 3 16 Default_D A binary value given to differentiate between shorelines that have known month and day attributes (Default_D = 0) and those that use the default value of 07/01 when only the year is known (Default_D = 1). U.S. Geological Survey 0 Shoreline that has a known month, day, and year attribute U.S. Geological Survey 1 Shoreline that has a known year but not a month or day attribute U.S. Geological Survey Source Agency that provided shoreline feature and the data source used to digitize shoreline feature. U.S. Geological Survey Alaska SDMI orthoimagery SPOT satellite image mosaic compiled as part of the Alaska State Digital Mapping Initiative U.S. Geological Survey BPXA, orthoimagery Aerial orthoimagery from British Petroleum, Alaska U.S. Geological Survey BPXA, vector shoreline Vector shorelines digitized from aerial orthoimagery by British Petroleum, Alaska U.S. Geological Survey ConocoPhillips, orthoimagery Aerial orthoimagery from Conoco-Phillips U.S. Geological Survey NASA, Alaska High Altitude Photography Orthorectified Alaska high altitude photography mosaics U.S. Geological Survey NOAA, T-Sheet National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Topographic Sheets U.S. Geological Survey USFWS, QuickBird satellite imagery Digital Globe Quickbird satellite image mosaics U.S. Geological Survey USGS, Lidar Digital elevation models derived from lidar elevation data U.S. Geological Survey Source_a Specific source ID of data used to digitize shoreline feature. U.S. Geological Survey Source data IDs are assigned by the data providers Shape_Leng Length of shoreline segment in meters Esri 7.3179862954 38240.996757 The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set. The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. U.S. Geological Survey - Science Base mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 CA 888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov CentralBeaufort_shorelines.shp Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Vector Digital Data Set (Polyline) 9.0 Esri polyline shapefile This WinZip file contains a shapefile of historic shorelines from 1947 to 2012 for the Central Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska and associated metadata. Use WinZip or pkUnzip 1634 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/594837a3e4b062508e344435 https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1 Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW). None This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com. 20201019 Ann E. Gibbs U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Geologist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 USA 831-460-7540 831-427-4748 agibbs@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time