Anne Ballmann 20170106 Tabular Digital Data Madison, WI U.S. Geological Survey http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F78P5XRX Ballmann AE MR Torkelson EA Bohuski RE Russell DS Blehert 20170106 Publication (Journal) Lawrence, KS Journal of Wildlife Disease https://doi.org/10.7589/2016-09-206 Bats occupying hibernacula during summer months may play an important role in the epidemiology of white-nose syndrome (WNS). For example, bats exposed to viable Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative agent of WNS, in late summer could spread the fungus by transmitting it to other bats or to other locations suitable for establishment of new environmental reservoirs. To explore risks for transmission of Pd during the non-hibernal season, we screened bats using hibernacula between July 18 to August 22, 2012 and associated environmental samples for presence of Pd. Study sites within the eastern United States included six hibernacula known to harbor Pd and two hibernacula in which bats with WNS had not been previously observed. Standard demographic and morphometric data were recorded for bats captured from inside each study site. Sample types evaluated for the presence of Pd included bat wing swabs, guano pellets from individual bats, swabs of hibernaculum walls, and sediments from the hibernaculum floor. Additionally, swabs of various trapping and processing equipment and clothing worn into study sites were evaluated for the presence of Pd. Documents bat species diversity during summer months at select hibernacula; assesses the prevalence of Pd exposure in bats that use contaminated environmental reservoirs (hibernacula) during the summer; identifies which sample types from bats and in the environment should be used for reliable Pd surveillance in summer months; demonstrates potential for contamination of equipment/clothing by Pd when working at or within Pd-contaminated environments even when there is no clinical signs of disease in the bat population The bat population at each hibernaculum was classified as either stable or reduced based on Winter 2012/2013 population estimates divided by the average of two to five years of available pre-WNS winter census data (including data from the first year of WNS detection). Hibernacula with >25% decline in winter count estimates since the detection of WNS were considered to have reduced populations due to WNS. 20120718 20120822 ground condition Complete None planned -87.231445312634 -82.397460937828 39.258384332217 35.845169106384 Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia USGS Thesaurus surveillance None summer surveillance environmental reservoir guano human-assisted movement white nose syndrome USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:58da68b8e4b0543bf7fda8fb Common geographic areas Indiana Ohio Virginia Kentucky Tennessee Yes, several study sites contain T and E bat species so site names have been masked and only county-level spatial resolution is provided Yes, several study sites contain T and E bat species so site names have been masked and only county-level spatial resolution is provided Anne Ballmann U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

6006 Schroeder Road

Madison WI 53711 US 608-270-2445 aballmann@usgs.gov Winter bat population counts for study sites from respective agency databases (not published)Scott Johnson (IN DNR)Brooke Hines (KY DFW)Josh Campbell (TNWRA), Cory Holliday (TNC)Rick Reynolds (VA DIF)Katrina Schultes (USFS)Rickard Toomey (NPS) Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.4.1 (Build 5686) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus Mammals ITIS 2016 ONLINE_REFERENCE Unknown ITIS http://www.itis.gov Anne Ballmann U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

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Madison WI 53711 USA 608-270-2445 aballmann@usgs.gov expert advice relied on local bat biologists for species identification by visual inspection several bat species were used in this investigation Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria Order Chiroptera Suborder Yangochiroptera Superfamily Vespertilionoidea Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Vespertilioninae Tribe Eptesicini Genus Eptesicus Subgenus Eptesicus (Eptesicus) Species Eptesicus fuscus big brown bat Murciélago-moreno norteamericano grande chauve-souris brune Big Brown Bat Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus bahamensis Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus bernardinus Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus dutertreus Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus fuscus Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus hispaniolae Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus lynni Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus osceola Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus pallidus Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus peninsulae Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus petersoni Subspecies Eptesicus fuscus wetmorei Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria Order Chiroptera Suborder Yangochiroptera Superfamily Vespertilionoidea Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Vespertilioninae Tribe Lasiurini Genus Lasiurus Subgenus Lasiurus (Lasiurus) Species Lasiurus borealis red bat eastern red bat chauve-souris rousse Murciélago-cola peluda rojizo Eastern Red Bat Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria Order Chiroptera Suborder Yangochiroptera Superfamily Vespertilionoidea Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Myotinae Genus Myotis Species Myotis grisescens gray myotis Gray Myotis gray bat Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria Order Chiroptera Suborder Yangochiroptera Superfamily Vespertilionoidea Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Myotinae Genus Myotis Species Myotis leibii small-footed myotis eastern small-footed myotis chauve-souris pygmée Eastern Small-footed Myotis eastern small-footed bat Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria Order Chiroptera Suborder Yangochiroptera Superfamily Vespertilionoidea Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Myotinae Genus Myotis Species Myotis lucifugus little brown bat Miotis norteamericano little brown myotis petite chauve-souris brune Little Brown Myotis Subspecies Myotis lucifugus alascensis Subspecies Myotis lucifugus carissima Subspecies Myotis lucifugus lucifugus Subspecies Myotis lucifugus pernox Subspecies Myotis lucifugus relictus Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria Order Chiroptera Suborder Yangochiroptera Superfamily Vespertilionoidea Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Myotinae Genus Myotis Species Myotis septentrionalis northern myotis chauve-souris nordique northern long-eared bat Northern Myotis Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria Order Chiroptera Suborder Yangochiroptera Superfamily Vespertilionoidea Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Myotinae Genus Myotis Species Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis Indiana bat statistical tool to evaluate site charateristics https://cran.r-project.org/ download from URL Anne Ballmann U.S. Geological Surevy mailing and physical

6006 Schroeder Rd

Madison WI 53711 USA 608-270-2445 aballmann@usgs.gov R Core Team 2013 Spftware visual inspection of data from handwritten datasheets at time of data entry into MS Access database; retained original hand-written datasheets as reference; ensured digital scale and digital calipers were set to proper units and zeroed prior to each new measurement; calculated certain datafields in MSExcel from original raw data (BMI) No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted excluded demographic and morphometric data of bats captured on outside of site entrances; recorded species and noted if it was a recapture No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Field data (species, sex, age-class, repro status, body wt, R forearm length, UV status, WDI) and samples collected between July 18-August 22, 2012. Samples (wing swabs, guano, environmental swabs, sediment, gear swabs) stored frozen at -20C for up to 6 weeks before transferring to -80C. Samples processed between May 2013-May 2014. 20120822 We evaluated the effects of site characteristics (i.e., hibernacula with stable winter bat populations and hibernacula with reduced winter bat populations) and sample type (sediment versus wall swab) on observed PCR results using linear regression in a Bayesian framework with R2OpenBUGS (Sturtz et al., 2005) in R (R Core Team, 2013). We modeled observed PCR Ct values (y) for each individual i as normally distributed with a mean of μ and variance of τ (i.e. yi ~ Ɲ(μ,τ)). 20120920 both Both lab and field work were done to create these data BRUNET-ROSSINNI, A. K. AND G. S. WILKINSON 2009 Document None Bats_Inside Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined KeyID unique site id and sample accession number Producer defined unique site id and sample accession number SiteCode unique identifier for study site Producer defined IN1 Indiana 1 Producer defined KY1 Kentucky 1 Producer defined KY2 Kentucky 2 Producer defined KY3 Kentucky 3 Producer defined KY4 Kentucky 4 Producer defined OH1 Ohio 1 Producer defined TN1 Tennessee Producer defined VA1 Virginia 1 Producer defined Col_Date date of sample collection (MM/DD/YYYY) Producer defined 7/18/2012 8/9/2012 Species 4 -letter species code based on first two letters of the genus and species (GGSS) Producer defined EPFU Eptesicus fuscus-Big brown bat Producer defined LABO Lasiurus borealis-Eastern red bat Producer defined MYGR Myotis grisescens-Gray bat Producer defined MYLE Myotis leibii-Eastern small-footed bat Producer defined MYLU Myotis lucifugus-Little brown bat Producer defined MYSE Myotis septentrionalis-Northern long-eared bat Producer defined MYSO Myotis sodalis-Indiana bat Producer defined PESU Perimyotis pipistrellus-Tricolored bat Producer defined Sex male or female based on examination of external genital Producer defined F Female bat Producer defined M Male bat Producer defined Reprod St reproductive status of bat determined by visual inspection and classified Producer defined PL post lactation in females Producer defined NL non lactating in females Producer defined ND testes not descended in males Producer defined S scrotal testes in males Producer defined NR not recorded; reproductive status of males was not recorded at study sites IN1, KY2, and KY3 Producer defined Age_Class adult or juvenile bat (BRUNET-ROSSINNI, A. K. AND G. S. WILKINSON. 2009) adult adult bat Producer defined juv juvenille bat Producer defined unk Unknown age class Producer defined Capture_method type of trapping method used Producer defined hand trapped by hand Producer defined harp trap harp trap used Producer defined mist net caught in mist net Producer defined Recapture had individual bat been captured previously Producer defined 0 Unknown Producer defined No No the bat had not been previously captured Producer defined Yes Yes the bat has been previously captured Producer defined Body_wt__g_ mass of bat to the nearest 0.1 grams at time of sample collection Producer defined [NULL] represents the measurement was failed to be collected prior to the release of the bat Producer defined 3.97 20.5 g R_Forearm__mm_ right forearm length (carpus to elbow) to the nearest 0.1 millimeters Producer defined [NULL] represents the measurement was failed to be collected prior to the release of the bat Producer defined 28.8 49.7 mm BMI body mass index calculated to the nearest 0.01 g/mm from body mass divided by right forearm length; a blank cell indicates that either one or both measurements of body wt. or forearm length were failed to be collected prior to the release of the bat such that calculation of BMI was not possible. Producer defined [NULL] represents the measurement was failed to be collected prior to the release of the bat Producer defined 0.12 0.43 WDI wing damage index assessed by observer (REICHARD, J. D. AND T. H. KUNZ. 2009.) 0 no damage Producer defined 1 minimal damage Producer defined 2 moderate damage Producer defined NR not recorded (WDI not assessed prior to release of the bat) Producer defined UV evidence of characteristic fluorescence on wing membrane examined under ultraviolet light (385nm)-pos or neg (Turner et al. 2014) Neg Negative for characteristic fluorescence Producer defined Pos Positive for characteristic fluorescence Producer defined Feces guano pellets collected from individual bat Producer defined No No guano pellets collected from individual bat Producer defined Yes guano pellets collected from individual bat Producer defined Band_ID metal band data (agency, band number, color) placed or observed on an individual bat at capture Producer defined metal band data (agency, band number, color) placed or observed on an individual bat at capture wingPCR_Sum__Pos__Neg__Equiv__NA_ result of PCR on wing swab Producer defined missing missing pcr Producer defined Neg negative pcr Producer defined Pos postive pcr Producer defined wing_qPCR__Ct_ real-time PCR cycle threshold value obtained from bat wing swab Producer defined 0 39.99 wingFC_Pd fungal growth of Pd in culture from bat wing swab Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} Not recorded Producer defined Neg negative fungal growth Producer defined NG no fungal growth Producer defined OG fungal overgrowth Producer defined Pos postive fungal growth Producer defined FecalPCR_Sum result of PCR on guano pellet(s) from individual bat Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} Not recorded Producer defined Neg negative result of PCR on guano pellet(s) from individual bat Producer defined Pos postive result of PCR on guano pellet(s) from individual bat Producer defined Fecal_qPCR__Ct_ real-time PCR cycle threshold value obtained from guano pellet of individual bat Producer defined {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} Not recorded Producer defined 0 38.49 Enviro Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined KeyID unique site id and sample accession number Producer defined unique site id and sample accession number SiteCode unique identifier for study site Producer defined IN1 Indiana 1 Producer defined KY1 Kentucky 1 Producer defined KY2 Kentucky 2 Producer defined KY3 Kentucky 3 Producer defined KY4 Kentucky 4 Producer defined OH1 Ohio 1 Producer defined TN1 Tennessee 1 Producer defined VA1 Virginia 1 Producer defined Col_Date date of sample collection (MM/DD/YYYY) Producer defined 7/20/2012 8/9/2012 Sample_type categorical description of sample collected Producer defined soil soil sample Producer defined wall wall sample Producer defined envPCR_Sum result of PCR on environmental sample Producer defined Neg Negative result of PCR on environmental sample Producer defined Pos Positive result of PCR on environmental sample Producer defined Env_qPCR__Ct_ real-time PCR cycle threshold value obtained from environmental sample Producer defined 0 38.88 Gear Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined KeyID unique site id and sample accession number Producer defined unique site id and sample accession number SiteCode unique identifier for study site Producer defined IN1 Indiana 1 Producer defined KY1 Kentucky 1 Producer defined KY2 Kentucky 2 Producer defined KY3 Kentucky 3 Producer defined KY4 Kentucky 4 Producer defined OH1 Ohio 1 Producer defined TN1 Tennessee 1 Producer defined VA1 Virginia 1 Producer defined Col_Date date of sample collection (MM/DD/YYYY) Producer defined 7/18/2012 8/22/2012 On_site_loc descriptor of equipment swabbed Producer defined descriptor of equipment swabbed Substrate description of equipment substrate Producer defined description of equipment substrate PCR_GearSum result of PCR on gear sample Producer defined Equiv Equivocal, equivocal PCR results are defined as samples showing initial amplification activity but which fail to reach the assay threshold by 40 amplification cycles Producer defined Neg Negative Producer defined Pos Postive Producer defined Gear_qPCR(Ct) real-time PCR cycle threshold value obtained from gear sample Producer defined 0 39.98 GearFC_pd fungal growth of Pd in culture from equipment swab Producer defined Neg Negative fungal growth of Pd in culture from equipment swab Producer defined NG No fungal growth of Pd in culture from equipment swab Producer defined OG fungal overgrowth of Pd in culture from equipment swab Producer defined Study site Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined ResearchID unique research number assigned to study site Producer defined 44690 44697 SiteCode unique identifier for study site Producer defined IN1 Indiana 1 Producer defined KY1 Kentucky 1 Producer defined KY2 Kentucky 2 Producer defined KY3 Kentucky 3 Producer defined KY4 Kentucky 4 Producer defined OH1 Ohio 1 Producer defined TN1 Tennessee 1 Producer defined VA1 Virginia 1 Producer defined State 2-letter postal abbreviation of state where study site is located Producer defined IN Indiana Producer defined KY Kentucky Producer defined OH Ohio Producer defined TN Tennessee Producer defined VA Virginia Producer defined County county where study site is located Producer defined Breckinridge Kentucky Producer defined Carter Kentucky Producer defined Edmonson Kentucky Producer defined Lawrence Ohio Producer defined Monroe Indiana Producer defined Montgomery Tennessee Producer defined Trigg Kentucky Producer defined Wise Virginia Producer defined Winter Popn Class study site classification based on winter bat population level impacts of WNS Producer defined study site classification based on winter bat population level impacts of WNS; categorical data (stable-clean; stable-contaminated; reduced-contaminated) Winter_diversity list of species codes observed at study site during winter hibernation Producer defined list of species codes observed at study site during winter hibernation; species codes defined in metadata for Bats table Bats_Outside Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined SiteCode unique identifier for study site Producer defined IN1 Indiana 1 Producer defined KY1 Kentucky 1 Producer defined KY2 Kentucky 2 Producer defined KY3 Kentucky 3 Producer defined KY4 Kentucky 4 Producer defined OH1 Ohio 1 Producer defined TN1 Tennessee Producer defined VA1 Virginia 1 Producer defined Col_Date date of sample collection (MM/DD/YYYY) Producer defined 7/23/2012 8/21/2012 Capture time time (24-hour HH:MM format) recorded when bats were removed from trap; Producer defined {NULL} blank cells- capture time not recorded for individual bat Producer defined 0:00 23:59 Capture method type of trapping method used (harp trap; mist-net) Producer defined type of trapping method used (harp trap; mist-net) Species 4 -letter species code based on first two letters of the genus and species (GGSS) Producer defined EPFU Eptesicus fuscus Producer defined LABO Lasiurus borealis Producer defined MYGR Myotis grisescens Producer defined MYLE Myotis leibii Producer defined MYLU Myotis lucifugus Producer defined MYSE Myotis septentrionalis Producer defined MYSO Myotis sodalis Producer defined PESU Perimyotis pipistrellus Producer defined Sex male or female based on examination of external genital Producer defined F Female bat Producer defined M Male bat Producer defined Band ID metal band data (agency, band number, color) placed or observed on an individual bat at capture; blank cell indicates that no wing band was observed or placed on the individual bat prior to release Producer defined metal band data (agency, band number, color) placed or observed on an individual bat at capture; blank cell indicates that no wing band was observed or placed on the individual bat prior to release Recapture had individual bat been captured previously Producer defined False No the bat had not been previously captured Producer defined True Yes the bat has been previously captured Producer defined U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. 20201020 Anne E Ballmann U.S. Geological Survey, Midwest Region Wildlife Disease Specialist mailing and physical

6006 Schroeder Road

Madison WI 53711 US 608-270-2445 608-270-2415 aballmann@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999