Larry G. Mastin 2017 ASCII text files and images (jpg and pdf) https://doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XKT This zip folder contains ASCII text files of vectors at the specified volcano at 12-hour intervals, from January 1, 1990 through December 28, 2009. The wind vectors are divided into five files, names by their elevation range above sea level in the atmosphere: 00-05km.txt; 05-11km.txt; 11-16km.txt; 16-24km.txt; and 24-30km.txt. The zip folder also contains a subfolder "figures", with Wind rose plots of wind direction and speed over this time period. The plots are by season, and by elevation, given a total of 20 plots (4 seasons, 5 elevation ranges). A summary plot is also included which gives the year-round wind pattern at the volcano, at 0-5 km elevation. Plots are in both jpg and pdf format. Data are intended to be used as a reference for volcanoes that are threatening to erupt, as an indicator of areas that could be at risk from tephra fall during a future eruption. 19900101 20091228 ground condition Complete Not planned 157.827 157.827 52.355 52.355 USGS Thesaurus Volcanic Ash Volcanic Eruption Forecasting meteorology wind USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:58d01469e4b0236b68f52e27 Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program Asacha none none Larry G. Mastin U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

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Vancouver WA 98683 USA 360-993-8925 lgmastin@usgs.gov No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2017 Binary (netCDF) Washington, D.C. NOAA https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.nmc.reanalysis.html Numerical 19900101 20091228 current RE 1 Data contributed by NOAA Data are derived from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 meteorological model (Kalnay et al., 1996). It is a global model of meteorological weather patterns developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations National Center for Environment Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. The model divides the Earth’s atmosphere into a global grid, spaced 2.5 degrees latitude and longitude, and into 17 pressure levels in the atmosphere, from 1000 to 10 hectoPascals (hPa)—roughly from sea level to 34 km elevation. The model covers time periods from January 1, 1948 to the present, at time intervals of every six hours. For this report, a program was written that reads the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 model output and linearly interpolates to the latitude and longitude of a given volcano. The wind vectors at each pressure level were read, and then averaged over height intervals of 0-5, 5-11, 11-16, 16-24, and >24km above sea level (asl). For each height interval, wind rose plots were generated for three-month quarters of the year that approximately represent the seasons. These quarters are Jan-Feb-Mar, Apr-May-Jun, Jul-Aug-Sep, and Oct-Nov-Dec. We chose to read the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 meteorology at intervals of 12 hours (0000 and 1200 UTC) for the period January 1, 1990 to December 28, 2009. The 12-hour frequency, and the 20-year time window, were considered the minimum required to capture diurnal fluctuations in wind, and decadal oscillations in climate respectively. For these settings, it took about 3 weeks on a desktop computer to generate this 6 Gb dataset. More frequent readings, over a longer time period, would have slightly improved the statistical distribution at the cost of time and size of the output. Reference: Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K.C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D., 1996, The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 77, no. 3, p. 437-471. 20170101 volcano name=Asacha , volcano number=300058, as given by the Smithsonian Institutions Global Volcano Program (2013) Reference: Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Volcanoes of the World, v. 4.5.3. Venzke, E (ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Downloaded 17 Jan 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-2013 Point ASCII table ASCII files with the names 00-05km.txt, 05-11km.txt, 11-16km.txt, 16-24km.txt, and 24-40km.txt. Names refer to the elevation of winds (km asl) in the file. Values in this table conceived by the author. "Date & time" Date and time (UTC) of the wind vector given on this line of the table. International Telecommunications Union (http://www.itu.int/) 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z Given and yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss, where yyyy=year, mm=month, dd=day of month, hh=hour, mm=minute, and ss=second UTC Producer-defined Layertop Elevation of the top of this elevation range, in kilometers above sea level. Producer defined 0 40 kilometers n Number of pressure levels in the numerical weather prediction model that were averaged to obtain the wind vector given on this line. Produce defined 0 17 u_wind East component of wind vector, in meters per second. Producer defined -200 200 meters per second v_wind North component of wind vector, in meters per second Producer defined -200 200 meters per second U.S Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov These plots are useful indicators of wind patterns at a given volcano, and thus can potentially be used as a guide for areas at risk from tephra inundation during future eruptions. But future wind patterns may vary. Use with discretion. This zip file contains data in ASCII format, as well as images in jpg and pdf format. Users must have software on their computers that are capable of reading this format. 20200831 Larry Mastin U.S. Geological Survey Research Hydrologist mailing and physical

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Vancouver WA 98683 USA 360-993-8925 lgmastin@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998