U.S. Geological Survey 2017 remote-sensing image Suggested Citation: U.S. Geological Survey, 2017, Digital Orthorectified Aerial Image of Cottonwood Lake Study Area Wetland T6 from 1978: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DZ06GR. https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DZ06GR David M. Mushet Ned H. Euliss Donald O. Rosenberry James W. LaBaugh Sheel Bansal Zeno F. Levy Owen P. McKenna Kyle I. McLean Christopher T. Mills Brian P. Neff Richard D. Nelson Matthew J. Solensky Brian Tangen 2022 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1874 Orthorectified image from aerial photograph of wetland T6 in the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota. This image is part of a collection of photographs of the study area acquired during July and early August from 1975 to 2015. Aerial photographs of wetlands in the Cottonwood Lake Study Area were collected in order to facilitate a better understanding of the influence of natural climate variability on the vegetation of prairie wetland ecosystems. These aerial photographs are part of the Missouri Coteau Wetland Ecosystem Observatory database that is a collection of abiotic and biotic data documenting biotic and abiotic responses to long-term climate variability in the Prairie Pothole Region of the U.S. The Prairie Pothole Region has a naturally dynamic climate that is characterized by extended wet and dry periods, and its wetlands have spatially variable hydrologic and biotic traits. The Cottonwood Lake Study Area in Stutsman County, North Dakota contains wetlands representative of multiple positions along a hydrologic continuum, from groundwater recharge to discharge. The extensive history of data collection in the Cottonwood Lake Study Area provides a unique opportunity to assess the impact of climate variability on ecosystem condition and productivity. The Cottonwood Lake Study Area is part of a complex of Waterfowl Production Areas in Stutsman County, North Dakota owned and managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1978 ground condition Complete None -99.094948 -99.092956 47.099837 47.098463 USGS Thesaurus aerial photography image collections surface water (non-marine) wetland ecosystems ISO 19115 Topic Categories environment imageryBaseMapsEarthCover inlandWaters Global Change Master Directory EARTH SCIENCE>BIOSPHERE>ECOSYSTEMS>AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS>WETLANDS EARTH SCIENCE>BIOSPHERE>ECOSYSTEMS>TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS>WETLANDS PLATFORM>AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:586c235be4b0f5ce109fa855 Geographic Names Information System United States of America North Dakota Stutsman County None Northern Great Plains Prairie Pothole Region Cottonwood Lake Study Area FWS Cadastral Database CHASE LAKE WETLAND MANAGEMENT DISTRICT>STUTSMAN COUNTY WATERFOWL PRODUCTION AREA>Eddy CHASE LAKE WETLAND MANAGEMENT DISTRICT>STUTSMAN COUNTY WATERFOWL PRODUCTION AREA>Shuler Authorized distribution is strongly recommended to be direct from the distributor described above or from U.S. Geological Survey Science Base Catalog Service (hhtps://www.sciencebase.gov). Data integrity can be verified using authentication information herein. The distributor makes no claims as to the suitability of these data for other purposes than those described herein. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and that some parts of these data may no longer represent actual ground conditions. Users should also be aware that comparison with other data sets for the same area that were generated from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in mapping conventions, data collection, and computer processing methods over time. The distributor shall not be liable for improper or incorrect use of these data, based on the description of appropriate/inappropriate uses described in this metadata document. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected by users of this data set. Notification of new data products developed directly from these data would also be appreciated; please notify the listed primary contact or U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Center staff. David M. Mushet U.S. Geological Survey Principal Investigator Physical and mailing

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Jamestown North Dakota 58401 United States 1-701-253-5558 dmushet@usgs.gov 8:00 AM - 4:30 PM CST Funding was provided by U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land-use Change Mission Area Photographs were scanned using Nikon Superscan 4000 ed. Values of red and blue bands compressed under 90 by unknown source of error. Extent of image geography was inspected to ensure consistency with identification of wetlands described in metadata. Inspection of the spectral band histograms revealed all pixels have valid numeric values. Vertical photography was acquired through the belly hole of a Cessna 172 aircraft between 8:30 and 9:30 CST (9:30-10:30 CDT) when sun elevation angles were between 30 and 45 degrees. Flights were only conducted on days when cloud cover was expected to be less than 10% and winds less than 15 mph. Altitudes varied between 1000 and 5500 feet (305 and 1676 m) above ground level depending on size of the wetland being photographed. Moderate amount of missing data within the extents of the photo could be caused by dust or other flaws. Aerial photographs were georeferenced using on-the-ground control points and TNTmips GIS and image processing software. Control points consisted of 71 cm diameter metal circles (painted white) positioned over all groundwater wells at the site and at other locations to provide broad coverage across the site. Other control points (e.g., large rocks, woody vegetation) were also used to ensure a minimum of 6 control points for each image. The geographic locations of control points were determined using a Trimble GPS receiver. Aerial photographs on reversal film transparent slides were scanned and saved as digital images. Unknown Digital Images were georeferenced using on-the-ground control points and TNTmips GIS and image processing software. Unknown Review of image quality, georeference accuracy, and wetland identification. 20170103 0 Wetland identifiers used within this metadata record refer to a specific wetland of the Cottonwood Lake Study Area. Center of wetland T6 is long. -99.093953 lat. 47.099289. Raster Pixel 506 493 Universal Transverse Mercator 14 0.9996 -99 0.0 500000 0.0 row and column 0.306274 0.301345 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137 298.257 U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Mailing

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov 586c235be4b0f5ce109fa855 Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. TIFF 1.0 Raster Specs: Pixel Depth 8 Compression type None Number of bands 3 Raster format TIFF Source type continuous Pixel type unsigned integer Pixel is Area No data value 0 Has colormap No Has pyramids No MD5 13375bc65b6f353ad34d140f824da457 DOAI_CLSA_t6_1978.tif No compression applied 0.79 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/586c235be4b0f5ce109fa855?name=DOAI_CLSA_t6_1978.tif Web Map Service 1.3.0 DOAI_CLSA_t6_1978 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalogMaps/mapping/ows/586c235be4b0f5ce109fa855?service=wms&request=getcapabilities&version=1.3.0 Web Coverage Service 1.0.0 DOAI_CLSA_t6_1978 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalogMaps/mapping/ows/586c235be4b0f5ce109fa855?service=wcs&request=getcapabilities&version=1.0.0 None 20260325 Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Physical and mailing

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Jamestown ND 58401 United States 1-701-253-5500 npwrc_datamanager@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 It is strongly recommended that this metadata record is directly acquired from the distributor described above or from U.S. Geological Survey Science Data Catalog (http://data.usgs.gov/) or ScienceBase Catalog Service (https://www.sciencebase.gov). Acknowledgment of U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center as the metadata source would be appreciated. Please cite the original metadata when using summarized data herein or when using portions of the metadata record to create a similar record of slightly altered data, such as re-projection. En